scholarly journals The "Meda" Project: Creation of The Underwater Archaeological Map in Santa Marinella. Prospects for The Reconstruction of the Ancient Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

The importance of studying the coasts and the seabed is already known. In any case, the submerged archaeological presences remain today an aspect not yet addressed in a completely systematic way, often remaining a rather incomplete knowledge. The cataloguing of submerged archaeological evidence, through the formation of underwater deposits maps and the study of these, through the contribution of GIS methodologies, fortuitous - to the understanding of their origins and their transformation over time.

I Erechtheis

2018 ◽  
pp. 813-846
Author(s):  
S. C. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

This section of the volume examines deme documents, archaeological evidence, and prosographical data, tribe by tribe and deme by deme. It is possible by detailed analysis to recover something of the significance of kinship in the local community from which the individual character of each deme emerged, and which contributed to changes in that character over time. This chapter covers the following: City trittys: Euonymon, Pergase?, Kedoi? Pambotadai? Inland trittys: Kephisia. Coastal trittys: Anagyrous, Lamptrai.

scholarly journals THE ‘INTERIOR WORLD’ OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY MALOTI-DRAKENSBERG MOUNTAINS

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHEL KING ◽  
SAM CHALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Theatre ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
Cattle Raiding ◽  
Social Logics ◽  
Over Time

AbstractOver the last four decades researchers have cast the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains as a marginal refuge for ‘Bushmen’ amidst constricting nineteenth-century frontiers. Rock art scholarship has expanded on this characterisation of mountains as refugia, focusing on heterogeneous raiding bands forging new cultural identities. Here, we propose another view of the Maloti-Drakensberg: a dynamic political theatre in which polities that engaged in illicit or ‘heterodox’ activities like cattle raiding and hunter-gatherer lifeways set the terms of colonial encounters. We employ the concept of the ‘interior world’ to refigure the region as one fostering subsistence and political behaviours that did not conform to the expectations of colonial authority. Paradoxically, such heterodoxies over time constituted widespread social logics within the Maloti-Drakensberg, and thus became commonplace and meaningful. We synthesise historical and archaeological evidence (new and existing) to illustrate the significance of the nineteenth-century Maloti-Drakensberg, offering a revised southeast-African colonial landscape and directions for future research.

Roman Water-Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-194
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Water Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Grain Milling ◽  
Over Time

This chapter summarizes the archaeological evidence currently known for Roman water-mills, tracing the development and spread of water-powered grain milling over time across the Roman Empire. Problems of quantification and evidence bias, both documentary and archaeological, are addressed. In particular, it is argued that large discoidal millstones, formerly thought to derive either from animal-powered or water-powered mills, must come from water-mills, and that the idea of Roman animal-driven mills with discoidal millstones is a myth. This dramatically increases the amount of evidence available for water-powered grain milling, although very unevenly spread across the empire, and heavily dependent on the intensity of research in particular regions—good for Britain, parts of France, and Switzerland; poor everywhere else. The chapter also summarizes the state of knowledge on other applications of water-power—for ore-crushing machines at hard-rock gold and silver mines (by the first century AD), trip-hammers, tanning and fulling mills, and marble sawing (by the third century AD). The picture is fast-changing and the body of evidence continues to grow with new archaeological discoveries. The chapter ends with some thoughts about the place of water-power in the overall economy of the Roman world, and on the transmission of water-powered technologies between the Roman and medieval periods.

The Archaeology of the North American Great Plains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Bamforth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Human History ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Over Time

In this volume, Douglas B. Bamforth offers an archaeological overview of the Great Plains, the vast, open grassland bordered by forests and mountain ranges situated in the heart of North America. Synthesizing a century of scholarship and new archaeological evidence, he focuses on changes in resource use, continental trade connections, social formations, and warfare over a period of 15,000 years. Bamforth investigates how foragers harvested the grasslands more intensively over time, ultimately turning to maize farming, and examines the persistence of industrial mobile bison hunters in much of the region as farmers lived in communities ranging from hamlets to towns with thousands of occupants. He also explores how social groups formed and changed, migrations of peoples in and out of the Plains, and the conflicts that occurred over time and space. Significantly, Bamforth's volume demonstrates how archaeology can be used as the basis for telling long-term, problem-oriented human history.

Building a Roman Funeral Pyre

Antichthon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Noy
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Cultural Homogenisation ◽  
Over Time

Until the second century A.D., the bodies of most people who died at Rome and in the western provinces of the Empire ended up on a funeral pyre, to be reduced to ashes which would be placed in a grave. The practical arrangements for this process have attracted some attention from archaeologists but virtually none from ancient historians. In this paper I shall try to combine literary and archaeological evidence to reconstruct how the pyre was prepared. I hope that this will provide a fuller background than currently exists for understanding the numerous brief references which can be found in Roman literature and the two surviving representations of a pyre (other than an emperor's) in Roman art. Cremation had different traditions in different areas, e.g. as an elite practice in parts of Gaul, even if ultimately it ‘may have been thought of as a sign of allegiance to Rome.’ There clearly were local differences, not just between provinces but between places quite close together, as well as changes over time, but many of the rites of cremation appear to have been similar throughout the Western Roman Empire, illustrating what Morris calls ‘a massive cultural homogenisation of the Roman world at a time when political and economic regionalism was increasing’.

Postemancipation Shifts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadene K. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Planter Class ◽  
Over Time

After emancipation, land and the economic opportunities connected with landownership were important in individuals’ decisions about where to go and what to do. For this reason, the postemancipation period – much like its antecedent – is extraordinarily significant in terms of understanding how various territories in the Caribbean were reconstituted and became what they are today. The purpose of this paper is to examine changes that occurred on a Dominican plantation after 1838 using archaeological data, and by so doing, casting new light on the distinctive character of postemancipation life. I attempt to understand these shifts by focusing on the built environment and the changing use of space over time. Along with archaeological evidence, I engage with historical documents and ethnographic data to illustrate the preoccupations of the planter class during the postemancipation period and the ways in which the newly-freed Dominicans sought to exercise control over their own time and labor.

The Inland Shore Fishery of the Northern Great Lakes: Its Development and Importance in Prehistory

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Despite a great many references in the historic and ethnographic records to the importance of fishing by natives of the northern Great Lakes, anthropologists and archaeologists have failed to appreciate the uniqueness and significance of the inland shore fishery. A review of the archaeological evidence for the evolution of the fishery from Late Archaic to historic times indicates that the fishery can provide an organizing concept for understanding the cultural evolution of the region. Further, this record provides a means of examining the process of adaptation as it reflects a long series of technological and social adjustments to a specific set of environmental conditions over time.

Do I Know Ω? An Axiomatic Model of Awareness and Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesaltina Pacheco Pires
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Complete Model ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Epistemic Model ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn modeling game and decision theory situations, it has been usual to start by considering Ω, the set of conceivable states of the world. I wish to propose a more fundamental view. I do not assume that the agent knows Ω. Instead the agent is assumed to derive for herself a representation of the universe. Given her knowledge and her ability to reason about it the agent deduces a set of conceivable states of the world and a set of possible states of the world. The epistemic model considered in this paper uses a propositional framework. The model distinguishes between the knowledge of the existence of a proposition, which I call awareness, and the knowledge of the truth or the falsity of the proposition. Depending upon whether one assumes that the agent is aware or not of all the propositions, she will or will not have a “complete model” of the world. When the agent is not aware of all the propositions, the states of the world and the possibility correspondence imaginable by her are coarser than the modeler's. The agent has an incomplete knowledge of both the states of the world and the information structure. In addition, I extend the model with “incompleteness” to a dynamic setting. Under the assumption that the agent's knowledge is non-decreasing over time, I show that the set of states of the world conceivable by the agent and her possibility correspondence get finer over time.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

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