scholarly journals Is Temporary Protection Eternal? The Future of Temporary Protection Status of Syrians in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Esra Yılmaz Eren
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Mass Influx ◽  
The One

Turkey has provided temporary protection status for the Syrian people, who were accepted by "open door policy" and sheltered as “guests” until the situation in Syria ameliorates. Temporary protection, a convenient tool to respond to the mass influx and provide protection while a permanent solution is sought, is indeed designed as an interim solution. After seven years of conflict, it can be assumed that peace and security cannot be established in Syria in a short period of time, as a consequence, Syrians shall continue staying in Turkey longer than anticipated. Therefore, congruent with the meaning of temporary protection status, it is time for Turkey to collaborate with international society in terms of burden-sharing on the one hand, to terminate temporary protection regime, and to determine its own strategies to provide permanent solution on the other.

scholarly journals Crisis of Intellectual Culture: on Issue of Approaches to Studying the Problem of Typology

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Tkachev ◽  
Elena Suranova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to studying the problem of typology of intellectual culture crises. It proves that the intellectual culture as a historical process represents itself as an endless change of cultural forms, in which case each of the forms once emerged, reached its flourishing and died, being replaced by other cultural forms. It emphasizes that crises are intertwined into this process; they appear in cultures inevitably, under certain conditions - when the potential of the former cultural form has not been exhausted yet, and the struggle for its future form is only outlined, but the crises themselves take a short period of time in this process, although they have a complex nature. The article focuses on the fact that the typology of crises should be built, on the one hand, in conjunction with the typology of intellectual cultures and, on the other hand, with the typology of the historical process; there can be a number of such typologies, and this proves that cultures and crises can be classified in a variety of ways. It notes that the typology is a method used to study, compare and describe a variety of processes, including intellectual cultures and their crises, but this method does not exist in a vacuum, it is formed in an environment of idealism and materialism, dialectical and metaphysical methods. The peculiarities of modern typologies stem from the fact that, since the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, they are under the pressure of the metaphysical method, hence there is their internal need for the culture unification on the grounds close to their ethnicity: the idea of the unity of the cultural process is rejected with the help of these features, and the understanding of the process itself is reduced to the individuality of its cultural forms.

scholarly journals WHY PARTICIPATE IN THE “ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD” INITIATIVE? AN INCOME CONVERGENCE APPROACH

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO HENG HU ◽  
CHI-KEUNG MARCO LAU ◽  
ZHOU LU ◽  
XIN SHENG
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Convergence Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Development Programme ◽  
Nonlinear Unit Root Tests

This paper seeks to investigate the motivations of countries that participate in the One Belt and One Road (B&R) Initiative, a China-led economic development programme with the intention of enhancing regional economic cooperation. We examine the income convergence hypothesis for B&R countries with both linear and nonlinear unit root tests to detect the presence of economic integration over the periods 1960–2016 and 1979–2016. For the B&R countries that are found to show income convergence to China in our income convergence testing, we argue that they tend to have a strong existing economic relationship with China. By contrast, the countries that have relatively weak economic relationships with China tend to show no convergence to China, and they take advantage of the B&R as an opportunity to catch up. Moreover, we find evidence that more countries converge to China’s real per capita income for the years after 1978 when China started its transition to a market economy and initiated the open-door policy to embrace globalization. The results suggest that China contributes to a higher degree of income convergence in regional integration.

scholarly journals I. On a comparison between apparent inequalities of short period in sun-spot areas and in diurnal declination-ranges at Toronto and at Prague

1886 ◽  
Vol 40 (242-245) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Keyword(s):  
Solar Physics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The One

1. In a report to the Solar Physics Committee (“Proc. Roy. Soc.,” vol. 37, p. 290, 1884) we discussed the relations between certain apparent Inequalities of short periods in sun-spot areas on the one hand and diurnal temperature-ranges at Toronto and at Kew of corresponding periods on the other. In the present communication we proceed to discuss the connexion between the same solar Inequalities and the diurnal declination-ranges at Toronto and at Prague.

The Involvement of the Security Council in Maintaining International Humanitarian Law

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th.A. van Baarda
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The One

In this article the author discusses the growing involvement of the Security Council in humanitarian protection and assistance in armed conflict. Given the fact that the Security Council is apolitical body par excellence, its involvement in the humanitarian relief effort may prejudice the neutrality and independence of the latter. He finds himself in agreement with the ICRC, which has proposed that the UN should make a clear distinction between encouraging respect for humanitarian law on the one hand, and the effort to maintain international peace and security on the other.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE 1946–1947 FAMINE (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE URALS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Mikhalev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

The article deals with examination of the main parameters of the post-war 1946–1947 famine’s impact on the demographic sphere of the Urals. It considers the basic approaches proposed by Russian and foreign researchers to determine the level of excess mortality under conditions of the famine. Some of them were used to assess its scale in the Urals. The changes that took place in the processes of reproduction of the region’s population are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the structural analysis of mortality processes. The specifics of registration of deaths from alimentary dystrophy in the consolidated demographic forms are shown, their share in the corresponding group of causes of death is determined. The transformation of fertility processes is considered, the size of its decrease under the influence of the famine is established. The 1946–1947 famine led to an increase in mortality, it virtually interrupted a short period of post-war compensation of the population, which turned out to be insufficient and incomplete. Estimates of direct losses from the famine vary, but they all inevitably have the character of rough, tentative assumptions. On the one hand, this is due to the limitations imposed by the informative potential of the sources available to researchers today. On the other hand, the reason lies in an extraordinary nature of the very period, marked by a multitude of turbulent events that destabilized the situation, when it becomes almost impossible to find the demographic norm on which calculations should be made.

scholarly journals How positive ways can boom sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Huei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
International Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Supervision

This editorial introduces the issue of Macro Management & Public Policies, which focuses on how positive ways can boom sustainable development, how inappropriate policies inhibit the development, or even cause intense problems such as risks of wars. The outcomes show some implicaitons, first of all, management and policies has dual effects. On the one hand, effective management and policies contribute to resource protection, quality enhancement, and successes of social movements. On the other hand, political unfairness may cause crisis in international society. Moreover, law priority has comprehensive influence on development. Keeping economic and social development, authorities should balance economic growth and environmental protection, keep consistency between regulations and implementation, and ensure effective supervision.

scholarly journals Mass Influxes and Protection in Europe: A Reflection on a Temporary Episode of an Enduring Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-181
Author(s):  
John Koo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mass Influx ◽  
Return Home

Abstract This article assesses Temporary Protection (TP) in Europe in response to refugee crises. In 2001 the European Union (EU) adopted a Directive for TP to provide a regional response to a mass influx. It was considered that TP offered a double-win: addressing protection needs of asylum seekers, while enabling states to maintain control based on the understanding that asylum seekers would return home after a short period of stay. The Directive has been endorsed in UNHCR Guidelines on ‘Temporary Protection or Stay Arrangements’ (2014). Notwithstanding, the analysis in this article indicates that TP was a strategy that failed: it did not give states control nor promote solidarity between them. Failure explains its absence in the responses to the 2015–16 crisis. However, national forms of TP have re-emerged signalling efforts to re-assert control in the face of an enduring problem.

The Politics of Transnational Economic Relations

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The One

These two statements—the first by a Canadian nationalist, the second by a former United States undersecretary of state—express a dominant theme of contemporary wrïtings on international relations. International society, we are told, is increasingly rent between its economic and its political organization. On the one hand, powerful economic and technical forces are creating a highly integrated transnational economy, blurring the traditional significance of national boundaries. On the other hand, the nationstate continues to command men's loyalties and to be the basic unit of political decision. As one writer has put the issue, “The conflict of our era is between ethnocentric nationalism and geocentric technology.”

Realizing sovereignty

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Inayatullah ◽  
David L. Blaney
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
The One ◽  
Internal Oppression ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
International Social

Sovereignty has become controversial. The idea and practice of sovereignty are said to be increasingly undermined by the simultaneous transnationalization and localization of political, economic, and cultural space. Not only is the ability of states to control their boundaries gradually erased, but given political boundaries seem unable to account for or define the dynamics of social life. At the same time, sovereignty is indicted as supportive of inequality, internal oppression, external imperialism, racism, and ecological destruction, among other unsavoury features of international social life. In this view, sovereignty is condemned as an ethically deficient way of organizing the international community. This is a confusing and contradictory picture. On the one hand, the boundaries defined by sovereignty appear increasingly irrelevant to international society, and on the other, the very power of sovereignty to demarcate boundaries is decried.

How to Construe a Myth: Neutrality Within the United Nations System Under Special Consideration of the Austrian Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-279
Author(s):  
Peter Hilpold
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Nations System ◽  
Austrian Case

Abstract In the 19th century neutrality was a highly appreciated concept. In the 20th century it widely lost relevance and in principle it should be incompatible with UN membership. However, also under the UN system, some States have opted for neutrality and it can be argued that there is still space for this status within the universal peace order. In fact, this peace order is far from perfect. There are several lacunae in the prohibition of the use of force and this concept is open to different interpretations. New threats, such as international terrorism, are emerging that could threaten the absolute prohibition of the use of force. It is contended here that neutrals could play an important role when it comes to finding an interpretation of this prohibition that best could reconcile the goals of peace and security with the overall—still imperfect—structure of the UN system. These questions are analysed with primary reference to Austrian neutrality which on the one hand seems obsolete but on the other is forcefully looking for a new meaning.

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