scholarly journals Impact of persistent organic pollutants sources on the ecological state of the environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
T.I. Висоцька ◽  
Т.В. Пічкур
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
State Level ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
World Community ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the environment. POPs are artificial substances for the environment. Nowadays, scientists have created more than 18 million chemical compounds, almost 100 000 of which are used in industry. It is widely understood that the pollution of the environment by persistent organic pollutants is due to their constant movement between the natural envelopes. Environmental studies show that regardless of sources (POPs) all the components of the biosphere are under their negative influence: surface water and groundwater, atmosphere, soil ecosystems, flora, and fauna. Measures that can be taken to prevent and reduce the impact of POPs on human health are conventionally divided into measures applied at the state level, and measures for the health maintenance, which should be used by each person, possessing certain knowledge about potential sources and properties of persistent organic pollutants. Considering the fact that POPs can remain in the environment for a long time, there is only one way to protect ourselves and future generations – it is to stop the production and use of POPs and to stop those production processes that use POPs. But this requires the efforts of the world community.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of climate change on the atmospheric transport and the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 6549-6559 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hansen ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
C. Geels ◽  
J. D. Silver ◽  
J. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Environmental Concentrations ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) was applied to investigate how projected climate changes will affect the atmospheric transport of 13 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the Arctic and their environmental fate within the Arctic. Three sets of simulations were performed, one with present day emissions and initial environmental concentrations from a 20-year spin-up simulation, one with present day emissions and with initial environmental concentrations set to zero and one without emissions but with initial environmental concentrations from the 20-year spin-up simulation. Each set of simulations consisted of two 10-year time slices representing the present (1990–2000) and future (2090–2100) climate conditions. DEHM was driven using meteorological input from the global circulation model, ECHAM/MPI-OM, simulating the SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) A1B climate scenario. Under the applied climate and emission scenarios, the total mass of all compounds was predicted to be up to 55 % lower across the Northern Hemisphere at the end of the 2090s than in the 1990s. The mass of HCHs within the Arctic was predicted to be up to 38 % higher, whereas the change in mass of the PCBs was predicted to range from 38 % lower to 17 % higher depending on the congener and the applied initial environmental concentrations. The results of this study also indicate that contaminants with no or a short emission history will be more rapidly transported to and build up in the arctic environment in a future warmer climate. The process that dominates the environmental behaviour of POPs in the Arctic under a future warmer climate scenario is the shift in mass of POPs from the surface media to the atmosphere induced by the higher mean temperature. This is to some degree counteracted by higher degradation rates also following the higher mean temperature. The more dominant of these two processes depends on the physical-chemical properties of the compounds. Previous model studies have predicted that the effect of a changed climate on the transport of POPs to the Arctic is moderate relative to the effect of proposed changes in emissions, which is confirmed in this study. However, the model studies do not agree on whether climate change acts to reduce or increase environmental concentrations of POPs in the Arctic, and further work is needed to resolve this matter.

TO THE ISSUE OF THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VEHICLES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
World Community ◽  
Single State ◽  
Entire World ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Component

A person who has reached certain heights in scientific and technical development has forgotten about his biological component, which in the future can cost him very dearly. We can’t help but worry about what the state of the environment will be in 200–300 years, if many environmental organizations are already loudly declaring an environmental disaster. Therefore, the solution of environmental problems is not the task of a single state, but of the entire world community. Environmental pollution in the 60s of the XX century became a global problem and the situation has not changed at all, but rather the opposite.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Waves and Strength Reduction Indexes for the Assessment of the Advancement of Deterioration Processes in Travertines from Pamukkale and Hierapolis (Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Alicja Bobrowska ◽  
Andrzej Domonik
Keyword(s):  
Strength Loss ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Geomechanical Properties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In constructions, the usefulness of modern technical diagnostics of stone as a raw material requires predicting the effects of long-term environmental impact of its qualities and geomechanical properties. The paper presents geomechanical research enabling presentation of the factors for strength loss of the stone and forecasting the rate of development of destructive phenomena on the stone structure on a long-time basis. As research material Turkish travertines were selected from the Denizli-Kaklık Basin (Pamukkale and Hierapolis quarries), which have been commonly used for centuries in global architecture. The rock material was subjected to testing of the impact of various environmental factors, as well as European standards recommended by the author of the research program. Their resistance to the crystallization of salts from aqueous solutions and the effects of SO2, as well as the effect of frost and high temperatures are presented. The studies allowed establishing the following quantitative indicators: the ultrasonic waves index (IVp) and the strength reduction index (IRc). Reflections on the assessment of deterioration effects indicate that the most active factors decreasing travertine resistance in the aging process include frost and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Their negative influence is particularly intense when the stone material is already strongly weathered.

scholarly journals Differentiation of the concentration of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in lake sediments depending on the catchment management (Lake Gopło case study)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Juśkiewicz ◽  
Włodzimierz Marszelewski ◽  
Wojciech Tylmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents the results of the study on the concentration of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including PAHs and PCBs, in the bottom sediments of Lake Gopło. This lake is significantly elongated (about 25 km); its longitudinal profile is diversified, and there are deeps and thresholds impeding the flow of water. The shoreline is varied, which is characteristic of tunnel valley lakes. The catchment has a typical agricultural character with a point arrangement of industrial centres. The analysis of the diversity of the concentration of heavy metals and POPs was based on 37 samples from two representative cores: one collected in the northern part of the lake, the catchment of which shows an industrial character, and the second one in the southern part where the catchment is agricultural in character. In the sediments, the content of the following heavy metals was analysed: Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Hg and As, as well as PAHs and PCBs. The sediment age was determined by the 210Pb dating method. In order to assess the contamination level of the bottom sediments with heavy metals, the contamination factor (CF) and degree of contamination (DC) were calculated. Moreover, the impact of the changes in the catchment’s land use over the past 100 years was determined. The results showed that the sediments from the industrial part of the lake significantly exceed the geochemical background for both the heavy metals from the group identified as industrial pollution and from the group of agricultural pollutants. The southern core shows only a slight increase in the amount of pollution from the agricultural group, lack of industrial pollution and a low degree of contamination. A slight increase in persistent organic pollutants is also recorded, without any apparent effect on the state of the deposited sediment. The 210PB dating enabled the main stages of human impact to be determined: the pre-industrial revolution, from the beginning of industrialisation to the 1950s, intensive human impact from the 1960s to the 1980s, and a gradual decrease in the human impact starting from the 1990s. In addition, attention was paid to the changing sedimentation rate.

Potential immunohaematological effects of persistent organic pollutants on chinstrap penguin

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jara-Carrasco ◽  
M. González ◽  
D. González-Acuña ◽  
G. Chiang ◽  
J. Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Chinstrap Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Antarctica ◽  
Cell Alterations ◽  
Cytological Alterations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can affect the immune system of mammals and birds. In this study, the concentration of different POPs and leukocytes in blood samples from three chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) populations was analysed in order to assess the impact on haematological parameters. Using blood sample smears, basophils, eosinophils, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were quantified. Mature and immature red blood cells were counted and cell alterations in both white and red blood cells were analysed. At the same time, whole blood was analysed for POPs. The results showed that contaminants, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ΣDDT), as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB), had significant correlations to eosinophils, lymphocytes and heterophils. This indicates possible immunohaematological alterations derived from exposure to such contaminants. Cytological alterations were also observed, such as cytotoxic granules, toxic heterophils, and atypical and granulated lymphocytes, which would demonstrate that these seabirds are being exposed to stress agents that could be producing some alterations at a leukocytary cellular level.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Commonly Detected Persistent Organic Pollutants and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Eunjung Lee ◽  
April Kinninger ◽  
Giske Ursin ◽  
Chiuchen Tseng ◽  
Susan Hurley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
P Value ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
The Impact

There are little epidemiological data on the impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and endocrine disruptors on mammographic density (MD), a strong predictor of breast cancer. We assessed MD in 116 non-Hispanic white post-menopausal women for whom serum concentrations of 23 commonly detected chemicals including 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 8 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had been measured. Linear regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders were used to examine the associations between the levels of the chemical compounds, modeled as continuous and dichotomized (above/below median) variables, and square-root-transformed MD. None of the associations were statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. Prior to correction for multiple testing, all chemicals with un-corrected p-values < 0.05 had regression coefficients less than zero, suggesting inverse associations between increased levels and MD, if any. The smallest p-value was observed for PCB-153 (regression coefficient for above-median vs. below-median levels: −0.87, un-corrected p = 0.008). Neither parity nor body mass index modified the associations. Our results do not support an association between higher MD and serum levels of PBDEs, PCBs, or PFASs commonly detected in postmenopausal women.

Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Mechanism Summary

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Long Time

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) refers to the chemical structure stability, the toxicity, big,difficult biodegradation , there is a long time in nature,.to concentrate the detention easily in organism kind of organic chemistry pollutant.POPs has become the field of environmental chemistry and toxicology studies of ecological problems affecting human survival, it is the 21st century, a major health problem. Overview of the current domestic and international persistent organic pollutants on the degradation mechanism of the type. Presented on persistent organic pollutants to solve the problem.

Bobbio, i diritti umani e la dottrina internazionalista italiana

2009 ◽  
pp. 485-502
Author(s):  
Francesco Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

- Two elements must be taken into account in order to assess Bobbio's influence on Italian legal thinking regarding human rights and their protection at the international level: on one side, Bobbio's polyedric attitude towards legal studies; on the other side, the difficulty experienced by the Italian doctrine of international law in moving away from traditional positivist and statalist paradigms. The "dialogue" between Bobbio and international legal thinking probably reached its peak in the middle of the 20th Century, when some international law scholars, referring inter alia to Bobbio's reflection on custom as a source of law, developed the idea of "spontaneous law" in connection with international customary rules. Yet, this "contact" had only a limited impact on the law of human rights, probably due to the fact that, for a long time, Italian scholars have generally followed a very cautious approach over the possibility of ascertaining the existence of universal rules for the protection of such rights. Besides, the Italian doctrine of international law, in line with its formalistic and statalist foundations, paid in general little attention to the "promotional" function of international law in the area of human rights, despite Bobbio's attempts to draw the attention to its potentials, especially after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(1948). Italian scholars, assuming that international relations and international law should be looked at from the standpoint of the "constitutional sovereignty" of the State, have also been generally unwilling to study the impact of international rules over issues of constitutional law and to assess whether international law requires States to adopt an institutional and legal framework compatible with the "right to democracy". Instead, Bobbio's attention to federalism has proved to be more easy to share among international law scholars, especially in connection with international organizations acquiring a supra-national dimension: the need of assuring respect of human rights within such organizations, just like at State level, has been constantly remarked by Italian authors.

scholarly journals An integrated study of the chemical composition of Antarctic aerosol to investigate natural and anthropogenic sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barbaro ◽  
R. Zangrando ◽  
T. Kirchgeorg ◽  
A. Bazzano ◽  
S. Illuminati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
The Impact

Environmental contextOwing to its remoteness, Antarctica is an excellent natural laboratory for conducting studies on the behavior of marine aerosols and for monitoring the impact of global human activities. The aim of this study is to provide an extensive chemical characterization of Antarctic aerosol and to investigate its sources. A distinction among anthropogenic, crustal, and biogenic sources was defined using several chemical markers. AbstractDuring the 2010–11 austral summer, an aerosol sampling campaign was carried out at a coastal Antarctic site (Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land). In this work, previously published data about water-soluble organic compounds and major and trace elements were merged with novel measurements of major ions, carboxylic acids and persistent organic pollutants (polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated naphthalenes, polybrominated diphenylethers and organochlorine pesticides) in order to provide a chemical characterisation of Antarctic aerosol and to investigate its sources. The persistent organic pollutants were determined using a high-volume sampler, able to collect both particulate and gaseous fractions, whereas remaining compounds were determined by performing an aerosol size fractionation with a PM10 cascade impactor. Ionic species represented 58% (350ng m–3) of the sum of concentrations of all detected compounds (596ng m–3) in our Antarctic PM10 aerosol samples due to natural emission. Trace concentrations of persistent organic pollutants highlighted that the occurrence of these species can be due to long-range atmospheric transport or due to the research base. Factor analysis was applied to the dataset obtained from the samples collected with the PM10 sampler in order to make a distinction between anthropogenic, crustal and biogenic sources using specific chemical markers.

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