Citologia esfoliativa da cavidade bucal

Cytopatholory is based on the analysis of mucosa scaled cells. It is able to reveal atypias before there is a perceivable clinical manifestation, contributing for the early detection of cytological alterations suspected of malignancy. Among the malignant neoplasias, the Epidermoid Carcinoma is the most prevalent in the mouth, reaching a percentage of 95 % of cases. By the early stage, most part of Epidermoid Carcinomas are not recognized at the clinical examination. The present study aimed to experience students for the work of collecting, preparing of material and analysis of results obtained by the scaling of the buccal mucosa. 82 patients Who were seeking for dental assistance were undertaken to examination at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Dental School Triage Division. The selected anatomical areas for the collecting of material were the lower lip redness, tongue lateral edge and mouth ground. Malignancy cytological criteria were used for the qualitative evaluation of samples. For each smear a cytological degree was applicd, according to the criteria of Papanicolaou and Traut. Class I was the predominant cytological diagnosis (57.8 0/0) against Class II cytological diagnosis (38.2 0/0) and Class III (4.0 0/0). Most of lip smears (80.5 0/0) and ground (52.5 0/0) were classified as Class I, while on the tongue Class II diagnosis were predominant (57.3 0/0). The quantitative analysis of epithelial maturation enabled the acknowledgement of a specific cell pattern for each anatomical site examined. The presence of suspected smears, clinically unconfirmed, suggests the need of further studies on greater population samples.

Infección por Virus del Papiloma Humano y citología cérvico-vaginal en mujeres indígenas del Cañar, Ecuador.

There are few studies on the circulation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in indigenous Ecuadorian women. The aim of the study is to determine the circulation of HPV and identify cytological alterations in cervical samples of indigenous Ecuadorian women and to define the behavior of some socio-demographic and clinical-epidemiological variables. An analytical cross-sectional study was done between July 2017 and September 2018 to determine the presence of cytological alterations and HPV infection in 100 indigenous women between 15 and 55 years of age, residing in Cañar, Ecuador. The association between socio-demographic and clinical-epidemiological variables with viral infection was investigated. Was obtained a 98% of negative cytology for malignancy and 2% of cervical lesions. Cases with high-grade lesions were not diagnosed. In general, a 34% (34/100) tested was positive for HPV, predominating oncogenic genotypes. HPV 31 was the most frequent in 41.2% (14/34) of cases followed by HPV 16 in 20.6% (7/34). Women between 20 and 30 years of age were five times more likely to be infected with HPV (44.1%, 15/34). The frequency of infection was significantly higher in single women and in those who reported having 2 to 3 births. Infection with HPV 16 was associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives, in 57.1% (4/7) of the cases; p = 0.005, RP = 12.44 IC95% (2.40-64.62). The high prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection indicates the need to incorporate this indigenous population into early detection programs for cervical cancer.

Prevalence of HPV Genotypes in South Europe: Comparisons between an Italian and a Turkish Unvaccinated Population

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus associated with benign and malignant lesions of skin and mucous membranes and is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. We investigated the prevalence of HPV infection and associated risk factors in Italian and Turkish women population attending the gynecology outpatients clinic in Naples (Italy) and Pamukkale (Turkey). Women were enrolled from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Naples (Italy) and of “Pamukkale University” in Denizli (Turkey) between January 2014 and June 2015. A questionnaire that included sociodemographic and sexual behavior characteristics, questions about HPV awareness, vaccine status, and reasons for not wanting to get vaccinated, and HPV-related knowledge was completed for each participant, and cervical cytology samples were collected. The prevalence of HPV infection was higher in the Italian group (52.6% vs 32.6%, p<0.001), while the distribution of genotypes is similar (p=0.325). Moreover, the differences in cytological alterations in these patients are significant (p<0.001). The analysis showed a higher prevalence of sexual behavioral characteristics (p<0.001) and better attention to the execution of the screening test in the Italian population (p<0.001). Italian women showed more knowledge and propensity to vaccination compared to Turkish women (p<0.001). Our data highlighted three relevant aspects: the different prevalence of cytological abnormalities, the different distribution of risk factors and, above all, the different attitude of women towards the primary prevention of cervical cancer between an Italian and a Turkish population group.

The cytological examination of vaginal smears in dogs

The cytological examination of vaginal smears is a simple, quick and inexpensive method for determination of the estrous cycle stage in dogs. Also, the procedure of vaginal smear collection is painless for the animal. Smears are examined under light microscope, after they have been stained by a proper staining method. The results are based on the observation of cytological alterations of the epithelium cells under the influence of ovarian hormones.

Histologic Findings and Cytological Alterations in Thyroid Nodules After Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Graves’ Disease: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Unlike the well-documented relation between radiation to the neck and development of papillary thyroid carcinoma, a causal association between radioactive iodine treatment for Graves’ disease and development of thyroid malignancy is less defined. However, patients with a background of thyroid dysfunction presenting with clinically palpable thyroid nodules are followed more closely than the average population, and fine needle aspiration is recommended in such circumstances. Cytological examination of aspirates, and histologic examination of tissue provided from patients with a known history of Graves’ disease, managed by radioactive iodine therapy can create a diagnostic dilemma, as the distinction between radiation effect and a malignant primary thyroid neoplasm can be very challenging. Thus, pathologists should be aware of the existence of these changes in the setting of radiation therapy for Graves’ disease. Providing pathologists with appropriate clinical history of Graves’ disease treated with radioactive iodine is of paramount importance in order to prevent an overdiagnosis of malignancy.

Cytology pulmonary in horses (Equus caballus) maintained the field or stabled

Tracheobronchial secretion was collected by endoscopy (Welch-AllynÒ, 200cm long and 9mm diameter), from equines with different ages, races and sex, for posterior cytological analysis. Thirty-six equines were divided into two groups (Group I = stabled, n = 18; Group II = field regimen, n = 18). Animals of Group I (age = 3.5 years) were lodged in the Tarumã´s Jockey Club in Curitiba, Parana State. The equines of Group II always were maintained at field condition (never were stabled), in the farm located in Jacarezinho, Paraná State. Following endoscopic exams, tracheobronchial secretion smears were stained by Pappenhein´s method and submitted to cytological analysis. Group I had higher frequency of tracheal discharge than Group II. The cytological analysis showed more presence of macrophages (58.8%), foamy cells (2.3%), body giant cells (0.2%), neutrophils (4.57%), eosinophils (0.7%) and Curshmann´s spirals (0.04%) on 3 of the 18 animals. The cytological analysis of Group II showed higher frequency of ciliated epithelial cells than Group I, and no Curshmann´s spirals were observed. In conclusion, data showed that horses stabled had more cytological alterations than the animals maintained at field, therefore more tracheobronchial complications. Thus, the care of place where horse are stabled have influence on development of respiratory diseases, may predispose to affections as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage, as well athletic horses may be never reach their full respiratory potential.