scholarly journals Effect of fertilizing systems on changing the agrochemical properties of black soil typical under using tilled crops rotation by-products as an organic fertilizer during the crop rotation

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
I. Prymak ◽  
M. Voytovik ◽  
O. Panchenko ◽  
M. Prysyazhnyuk ◽  
S. Obrajyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Agrochemical Properties

In general, the average annual loss of humus was 1.96 t/ha, 1.14 t/ha and 0.24 t/ha, respectively, for zero, first and second fertilizer levels in crop rotation, while the increase for the third level made 0.44 t/ha. At the highest fertilizer rate, total nitrogen reserves in crop rotation increased by 0.89 t/ ha. The annual application of 12 tons of manure + N95P82K72 per hectare of arable land ensured a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotations and a slight decrease of 2.3 % of ammonia nitrogen in the arable layer over five years, which did not exceed LSD0.05. With the highest fertilizer rate, the ammonia nitrogen content in the black soil typical for five years increased by 2.0 mg/kg in total in crop rotations. The fertilizer rate of 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 stabilized the mineral nitrogen content in the soil and the dose 159 of 16 t/ha of manure + N112P100K86 significantly increased the level in the crop rotation. Increase of available phosphorus content and potassium exchange in soil at the application of 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 was not significant and made 1.0 mg/kg. The highest fertilizer rate significantly increased the content of these nutrients in the typical black soil arable layer. Over five years, exchange acidity at zero, first, second and third fertilizer levels decreased by 0.11, 0.10, 0.16 and 0.22, respectively, with the total for crop rotation of LSD0.05 0.12. Soil hydrolytic acidity for crop rotation at zero and first fertilizer levels increased by 0.15, and at second and third fertilizer levels – by 0.20 and 0.28 mg – eq/100g, respectively. The degree of soil saturation with the bases decreased during the rotation period at fertilized and unfertilized plots, but significant decrease was observed only at application of 16 tons of manure + N112P100K86 per hectare of arable land. The content of calcium exchange cations in the soil only decreased significantly during the rotation period when the highest fertilizer rate was applied annually. No significant deviations were found in the content of magnesium exchange cations in the soil. The crop rotations at unfertilized plots, fertilized with 8 t/ha of manure + N76P64K57, 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 and 16 t/ha of manure + N112P100K86 were 2.35, 3.61; 4.77 and 5.77 t/ha dry matter respectively, 3.21; 5.04; 6.64 and 8.00 t/ ha feed units, 0.296; 0.422; 0.560 and 0.691 t/ha digestible protein at LDS0.05, 0.38; 0.51 and 0.043 t/ha, respectively. Key words: fertilizers, crop rotation, soil, crop, agrochemical properties, rotation period, yield, productivity.

scholarly journals Influence of means of chemicalixation on efficiency of field crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Valerii Viktorovich Chibis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Feed Protein

Results of researches of efficiency in short crop rotation with busy steam are given in this article. Researches were conducted in the Omsk district of the Omsk region on typical black soil, with the maintenance of humus of 6.7% (in a layer of earth of 0-30 cm).  Cultivation of field cultures against the background of application of means of chemicalixation was carried out in a crop rotation the occupied steam (green manure) – wheat – barley – oats. During the conducted researches the quantity and dynamics of moisture, the maintenance of the main macrocells in the soil, and efficiency of all crop rotation was defined. The received results allow to draw a conclusion that in a crop rotation with busy steam and four fields at application of means of chemicalixation the increase of a harvest of the first wheat for 45.2%, barley repeatedly 31.5% and oats for 9.9% is noted. Application of fertilizers, at the rate of N30P30 on 1 hectare of an arable land, and herbicides, provided increase in productivity grain on 0.53 t/hectare, an exit of grain of 0.44 t/hectare, and feed-protein units to 1.29 t/hectare. The resulting materials can be used in the development of crop rotations schemes for forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

Transformation of indicators of fertility of chernozem typical of the different systems of fertilizers in crop rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherenkov ◽  
V.I. Chaban ◽  
O.U. Podobed
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Humus Status ◽  
High Level

Investigated the transformation of main agrochemical properties of the Chernozem typical with prolonged systematic use of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation with 100 % saturation by grain crops. It is established that a high level of productivity of arable land with simultaneous creation of conditions for preservation and reproduction of the humus status indices of availability of basic nutrients, microelement Fund and agroecological condition of soils is achieved by the application of fertilizers at a level that provides compensation for the removal of nitrogen and potassium at least 80 %, of phosphorus 120-140 %.

scholarly journals Efficiency of grain production in crop rotations of the dry steppe of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov ◽  
Ildar Garifullovich Imashev
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
The Cost

The analysis of the influence of species and the fullness of crop rotations on the productivity and efficiency of grain crops is given. It was revealed that the highest grain yield is observed in a 4-field grain-fallow crop rotation. The absence of a field of late spring crops (millet) in 2- and 3-field crop rotations reduces grain yield in comparison with 4- and 7-field crops, both on average over 28 years (1991-2018), and in wet and middle years. The bioenergy coefficient, judging by the costs and grain yield, was highest in a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation (4.94), then in a 4-field rotation (4.60), then in decreasing order: 7-field (3.86) and 3- field (3.73). In calculating the costs of labor, fuel and energy per 1 ton of grain from arable land, the lowest indicators were obtained in 2-field and 4-field crop rotations. It has been established that in terms of production costs per hectare of arable land, the cost of production of 1 ton of grain, conditionally net income per hectare of arable land, the level of profitability, the leading place is occupied by a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation. For example, the lowest production costs were noted in a 2-field grain-fallow crop rotation (7782.00 rubles), the highest - in a 7-field (13835.56 rubles). Hence, the lowest production cost of 1 ton of grain was obtained in a 2-field crop rotation, amounting to 5598.56 rubles, followed by a 4-field crop rotation with millet - 7392.66 rubles. And according to the level of profitability, as mentioned above, grain-fallow crop rotations are arranged in decreasing order with the advantage of a 2-field crop rotation in the following order: two-, four-, three- and seven-field - respectively 116.1; 53.2; 48.2 and 37.0 %.

scholarly journals ЗМІНА АГРОХІМІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЧОРНОЗЕМУ ТИПОВОГО ЗА РІЗНИХ СИСТЕМ ОСНОВНОГО ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ Й УДОБРЕННЯ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМУ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

2012 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
І. Д. Примак ◽  
В. І. Купчик ◽  
Т. В. Колесник
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Agrochemical Properties

Висвітлено вплив чотирьох систем основного об-робітку ґрунту й удобрення на зміну агрохімічнихвластивостей чорнозему типового і продуктивно-сті зернопросапної сівозміни. Встановлено стати-стично достовірне підвищення вмісту ґумусу ворному шарі ґрунту за дві ротації сівозміни затривалого мілкого обробітку і внесення на кожнийгектар ріллі 12 т гною + N87P114K114. У польовійп’ятипільній зернопросапній сівозміні центральногоЛісостепу України рекомендується глибока (28–30 см) культурна оранка в одному полі (під повторнукукурудзу, де вноситься гній), а на решті полів –мілкий обробіток на 10–12 см. The influnce of the four systems of main soil tillage and fertilizingon the changes of agrochemical properties of standard black soiland efficiency of cultivated crop rotation has been shown. Thestatistically reliable increasing of humus content in the plow layerof soil in two crop rotation for a long shallow cultivation andapplying into each hectare of arable land 12 tons of manure +N87P114K114 has been established. In the field five-course rotation ofthe central forest-steppes Ukraine deep (28–30 cm) crop plowing inone field (under a second maize where manure is applyed) is recommended. Shallow crop plowing (10–12 cm) is recommended in the rest of the field. 

scholarly journals The change in grain yield by rotation of crop rotations of the chernozem steppe of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov ◽  
Ildar Garifullovich Imashev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga

The influence of rotation length and fullness of grain – fallow crop rotations with a different set of biological groups (biogroupps) - winter, early spring and late spring crops on the yield of grain crops and grain yield from 1 hectare (ha) of arable land in the chernozem steppe of the Saratov Right Bank is analyzed, based on calculations for 4-field - 8 rotations, starting from 1989 and ending in 2020 (2-field - 16 rotations, 3-field - 10). It was revealed that the highest grain yield of 1.63 tons (t) from 1 ha of arable land, both on average for 32 years (1989-2020), and (1.82 t / ha) in the first-fourth (1989-2004) and (1.44 t/ha) of the fifth-eighth rotations (2005-2020), is observed in the 4-field grain – fallow crop rotation with a set of biogroupps-winter, spring early and late. The absence of a field of spring late crop (millet) in the 2 - and 3-field crop rotations reduces the grain yield by 0.11 and 0.30 t/ha, respectively, in comparison with the 4-field, both on average for all years, and by 0.22 and 0.28 t/ha in the first-fourth and by 0.20 and 0.32 t/ha in the fifth-eighth rotations. During the transition from the first-fourth rotation to the fifth-eighth, a significant decrease in the yield of field crops was established: winter wheat in the 3-field crop rotation by 0.87 t/ha or 26.6 %, 2-field by 0.72 t/ha or 22.4% and 4-field by 0.70 t/ha or 21.8 %; millet by 0.43 t/ha or 16.3 %, spring hard by 0.40 t/ha or 29.6 %, soft by 0.35 t/ha or 24.6 %. In all three spring crops, the yield reduction is 2.0 times lower than that of winter wheat. In general, according to crop rotations, the yield of winter wheat, both for the entire period of research, and in the first-fourth, fifth-eighth rotation, fluctuated within limited of the error of the experiment.

scholarly journals Stability of grain production in crop rotations in the steppe conditions of the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov ◽  
Ildar Garifullovich Imashev
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
The Stability

The analysis of the influence of crop rotation types on the productivity of grain crops is given. The expediency and efficiency of cultivation in crop rotations with a displaced passage of development phases is justified. A comprehensive assessment of hydrothermal vegetation conditions has shown that winter and late grain crops are more adapted to steppe conditions than early spring crops. In all years of observation, when converted to grain units, it was revealed that the highest yield of grain is observed in the 9-month grain – grass crop rotation. Close to the dipole grain – fallow crop rotation 4, which are present winter, spring, late spring and early culture. Significantly lower yield of grain units in 2 – full and 3 – full grain - pair crop rotations compared to the above considered ones. In the arid chernozem steppe of the Volga region, the productivity of arable land and the stability of grain production increases if winter, late spring and early crops with a fallow area of no more than 25.0 % are present in crop rotations, which allows, observing the principle of technological diversity, to improve the environmental role of field crops and reduce negative changes in agroecosystems under the influence of unilateral anthropogenic influence.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOWN AREAS AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES OF CROPS IN THE SYSTEM OF SPECIALIZED CROP ROTATIONS IS A RELIABLE GUARANTEE FOR STABILIZING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND SOIL FERTILITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.П. Мелихова ◽  
Е.В. Зинченко ◽  
А.А. Зибаров ◽  
Д.С. Тегесов
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Rational Combination

По результатам многолетних стационарных полевых опытов установлена значимость совершенствования структуры посевных площадей при освоении технологий программиро­ванного возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур в системе специализированных севооборотов, предусматривающих использование адаптированных, высокопродуктивных сельскохозяйственных культур, системы обработки почвы, режимов орошения и питания. Наиболее продуктивными в условиях орошения являются кормовые и кормозерновые севообороты с базовыми культурами – люцерна, кукуруза на силос и зерно, озимая пшеница. Интенсификация севооборотов достигается применением программированных доз органо-минеральных удобрений, оптимальным сочетанием культур в основных и промежуточных посевах. Полученные результаты подтвердили реальную возможность повышения продуктивности орошаемой пашни на уровне 10,0…12,0 тыс. кормовых единиц при рациональном сочетании включаемых в чередование рентабельных, адаптированных к агроландшафтным условиям сельскохозяйственных культур, дифференцированной системе обработки почвы и применении программированных органо-минеральных удобрений; установлена возможность стабилизации сельскохозяйственного производства за счет достижения высокой продуктивности орошаемой пашни при соблюдении обоснованных агротребований чередующихся сельскохозяйственных культур, рациональном соотношение в структуре посевов групп культур (кормовые: зерновые: технические). Исследованиями подтверждена роль многолетних бобовых трав (люцерна) с двух-трех летним сроком использования в повышении продуктивности орошаемой пашни и ее плодородия в сравнение с однолетними кормовыми культурами в основных и промежуточных посевах. Положительное влияние на продуктивность пашни из зерновых культур в изучаемых севооборотах оказывала зерновая кукуруза в сравнение с озимой пшеницей. According to the results of many years of stationary field experiments, the significance of improving the structure of sown areas when developing the technologies of programmed cultivation of agricultural crops in the system of specialized crop rotation, which includes the use of adapted, highly productive crops, the soil cultivation system, irrigation, and nutrition regimes, has been established. The most productive under irrigation conditions are fodder and grain-fodder crop rotations with alfalfa, corn for silage and grain, and winter wheat as basic crops. The intensification of crop rotation is achieved by the use of programmed doses of organo-mineral fertilizers, the optimal combination of crops in the main and intermediate crops. The obtained results confirmed the real possibility of increasing the productivity of irrigated arable land at the level of 10.0-12.0 thousand feed units with a rational combination of profitable crops adapted to agro landscape conditions, a differentiated system of tillage and the use of programmed organic and mineral fertilizers; the possibility of stabilizing agricultural production by achieving high productivity of irrigated arable land while meeting the reasonable agricultural requirements of alternating crops, the rational ratio in the structure of sowings of crop groups (feed: grain: technical) were established. The studies have confirmed the role of perennial leguminous grasses (alfalfa) with a two to three year term of use in increasing the productivity of irrigated arable land and its fertility in comparison with annual fodder crops in primary and intermediate sowings. A positive effect on the productivity of arable land from crops in the studied crop rotations was exerted by grain corn in comparison with winter wheat.

scholarly journals Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
I.V. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.

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