Disorder of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) in Croatian war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: case-control study

AbstractIntroductionA large body of evidence indicates a significant and morbid association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies, however, have addressed the range of trauma in this medical population, from massive heart attack, to defibrillator shock to previous interpersonal aggression.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to examine the nature of trauma associated with the development of PTSD in CVD patients. More precisely, we were interested in knowing if trauma was medical in nature and whether cumulative trauma resulted in PTSD.MethodsWe performed a 1:3 case-control study. The authors compared CVD patients diagnosed with PTSD (n=37) to those with adjustment disorder (n=111) in terms of trauma/stressor types and medical and demographic characteristics.ResultsHalf (51%) of CVD patients suffering from PTSD had endured a medical trauma, 35% an external (non-medical) trauma, and 14% both. There were no significant differences with CVD patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder, 40% of them having experienced a medical stressor, 40% an external (non-medical) stressor and 20% both. Cumulative trauma was seen in only 19% of CVD patients suffering from PTSD. Traditional risk factors (female sex, younger age) were not prominent in CVD patients with PTSD as compared to those with adjustment disorder. Cases were, however, significantly more likely to have psychiatric antecedents and recent surgical interventions.ConclusionsBy uncovering characteristics of PTSD patients/trauma in CVD patients, this work will serve future research and clinical initiatives to better screen at-risk patients or at-risk medical situations.

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Association between resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder among Brazilian victims of urban violence: a cross-sectional case-control study

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy ◽

10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 116-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Stefania Pigatto Teche ◽

Alcina Juliana Soares Barros ◽

Regis Goulart Rosa ◽

Luciano Pinto Guimarães ◽

Kariny Larissa Cordini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Case Control ◽

Urban Violence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Control Study

Abstract Introduction This study investigated the association between resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Brazilian victims of urban violence. It also compared defense mechanisms, parental bonding, and childhood trauma between those who developed PTSD and those who did not. Methods This cross-sectional case-control study included 66 adult subjects exposed to recent urban violence in southern Brazil – 33 with PTSD and 33 healthy controls matched by sex and age – who were administered the Resilience Scale, Defense Style Questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The statistical tests used were the McNemar test for categorical variables, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous asymmetric variables, and the paired Student t-test for continuous symmetric variables. Results The PTSD group showed lower total Resilience Scale scores compared with controls (128.4±20.7 vs. 145.8±13.1, respectively; p = 0.01), along with a lower ability to solve situations and lower personal values that give meaning to life (p = 0.019). They also had lower rates of mature defense mechanisms (p < 0.001) and higher rates of emotional (p = 0.001) and physical (p = 0.003) abuse during childhood. Conclusion Lower levels of resilience, especially the ability to solve situations and having personal values that give meaning to life, immature defense mechanisms, and emotional and physical abuse in childhood are associated with PTSD in adult Brazilian victims of urban violence.

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Co-morbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression: A 20-year longitudinal study of war veterans

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e717692011-011 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

K. Ginzburg ◽

T. Ein-Dor ◽

Z. Solomon

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

War Veterans ◽

Co Morbidity

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Smaller right hippocampus in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging ◽

10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.08.005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 154 (2) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ladislav Pavić ◽

Rudolf Gregurek ◽

Marko Radoš ◽

Boris Brkljačić ◽

Lovorka Brajković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

War Veterans

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Embitterment in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S359-S360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Sabic ◽

A. Sabic

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Health Center ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

War Veterans ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The aim of this study was to analyse frequency of embitterment in war veterans with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as the potential impact of embitterment on the development of chronic PTSD.Patients and methodsIt was analyzed 174 subjects (from Health Center Zivinice/mental health center) through a survey conducted in the period from March 2015 to June 2016, of which 87 war veterans with PTSD and control subjects 87 war veterans without PTSD. The primary outcome measure was the post-traumatic embitterment disorder self-rating scale (PTED Scale) who contains 19 items designed to assess features of embitterment reactions to negative life events. Secondary efficacy measures included the clinician-administered PTSD scale–V (CAPS), the PTSD checklist (PCL), the combat exposure scale (CES), the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) and the World health organization quality of life scale (WHOQOL-Bref). All subjects were male. The average age of patients in the group war veterans with PTSD was 52.78 ± 5.99. In the control group, average age was 51.42 ± 5.98. Statistical data were analyzed in SPSS statistical program.ResultsComparing the results, t-tests revealed significant difference between group veterans with PTSD and control group (t = −21,21, P < 0.0001). War veterans group with PTSD (X = 51.41, SD = 8,91), control group (X = 14.39, SD = 13.61).ConclusionEmbitterment is frequent in war veterans with PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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