scholarly journals A Gramscian Study of Ideology and Hegemony in Amiri Baraka play: The Dutchman

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-737
Author(s):  
Shiva Zaheri Birgani ◽  
Maryam Jafari
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
Amiri Baraka ◽  
Material Life ◽  
White American ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Material Entity ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
Mode Of Production ◽  
Means Of Production ◽  
The Way

This paper attempts to investigate significations of the tropes of whiteness and blackness in white American culture in Baraka`s play, The Dutchman. . Gramsci is concerned with how one views man in history. His point is that men determine history rather than the reverse and this history is determined by the way in which men produce their means of subsistence. Man therefore is a social and “material” entity since. By producing their means of subsistence men are indirectly producing their actual material life.   Man’s ability to produce, the means of production, and the product produced, therefore, are central to man’s ability to be self-determined, to be real rather than an abstraction, a concept. It is in man’s reality, a reification brought about by the conscious act of production that he establishes his humanity. Marx’s humanism, therefore, is social in that man produces for more than himself; it is material in the “mode of production.” By material is not meant “psychic motivation” towards material goods. Based on the Gramsci hegemony, the black man has no history, he must create it; more importantly, since, according to Baraka, “Negro Literature” can never emerge from black consciousness unless it separates itself from the pre-established conditions, the literature must create and define itself in the process of becoming.

The Doctrines of Specification and Accession: Potential Bases for Legal Ownership through Labor?

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Collective Ownership ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
American Case ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Mode Of Production ◽  
Composition Of Products ◽  
Means Of Production

This paper explores the viability of the doctrines of accession and specification as potential sources of a historical-legal basis for ownership rights accruing to labor by recognizing its unique capacity to create value. Focusing on examples from American case law, the origin and development of these doctrines are documented. The changes in these doctrines, from their first appearance in the early civil law or Code of Justinian to the present, often reflect the historic changes in the composition of products, the legal relationship between labor and capital and the changes in the dominant mode of production. The purpose of this inquiry is to determine if a legal rationale exists which justifies collective ownership of the means of production.

A short ethnography of twenty-first century consumers: On retail rage and one-dimensionality

2021 ◽  
pp. 146954052110396
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
First Century ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sociological Interpretation ◽  
The Way

This article begins with two central ideas – that feelings of rage appear to be on the increase in present modernity and that one of the main sources of rage is directly linked to consumer culture and the retail experience it fosters. Although retail trade allows twenty-first century individuals to spend their money on material goods and experiences which provide structure and a sense of meaning and belonging, what it also causes is ambivalence, insecurity and anxiety. These are formidable feelings that cause irritation, frustration and anger to gradually fester until it accumulates into something violent that distorts the way an individual thinks, acts and treats other people. With these points in mind, what this article provides is a thorough sociological interpretation of twenty-first century retail rage. Veering away from existing interpretations of rage by drawing on Herbert Marcuse’s analysis and image of a one-dimensional society, what this article explores is the idea that retail experiences turn people into individuals who are bound and controlled by a consumer duty. As I contend, based on my unique position as a researcher turned retail worker, it is this administered, one-dimensional kind of lifestyle that cultivates rage. To support my argument and understand more comprehensively how and why retail breeds frustration and anger, I use a selection of narrative episodes to unpack three key sources of consumer rage in the twenty-first century. These sources have been labelled instantaneity, performativity and unfulfillment.

Prosperity Gospel Latinos and Their American Dream

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Tian-Ren Lin
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
American Dream ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Prosperity Gospel ◽  
White American ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Latin American Immigrants ◽  
Insight Into

In this immersive ethnography, Tony Tian-Ren Lin explores the reasons that Latin American immigrants across the United States are increasingly drawn to Prosperity Gospel Pentecostalism, a strand of Protestantism gaining popularity around the world. Lin contends that Latinos embrace Prosperity Gospel, which teaches that believers may achieve both divine salvation and worldly success, because it helps them account for the contradictions of their lives as immigrants. Weaving together his informants’ firsthand accounts of their religious experiences and everyday lives, Lin offers poignant insight into how they see their faith transforming them both as individuals and as communities. The theology fuses salvation with material goods so that as these immigrants pursue spiritual rewards they are also, perhaps paradoxically, striving for the American dream. But after all, Lin observes, prosperity is the gospel of the American dream. In this way, while becoming better Prosperity Gospel Pentecostals they are also adopting traditional white American norms. Yet this is not a story of smooth assimilation as most of these immigrants must deal with the immensity of the broader cultural and political resistance to their actually becoming Americans. Rather, Prosperity Gospel Pentecostalism gives Latinos the logic and understanding of themselves as those who belong in this country yet remain perpetual outsiders.

scholarly journals The socio-economic situation of the landowner peasants after the peasant reform in Georgia (the last quarter of the 19th - the early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Almas Musa Kizi Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Mode Of Production ◽  
Means Of Production

The article analyses the main provisions of the peasant reform in Georgia, which had a further impact on the socio-economic development of the landowner peasants of Tiflis and Kutaisi provinces in the last quarter of the 19th – the early 20th centuries. On the basis of archival sources and literature, the author considers the reasons for the difficult economic situation of the Georgian landowners in the period under study. An analysis makes it possible to conclude that the socio-economic relations that had been formed in Georgia determined the contradictions inherent in the capitalist mode of management. On the one hand, the peasant reform contributed to the more rapid development of the capitalist mode of production in the countryside, laying the foundation for economic development in agriculture, the introduction of commercial agriculture, the growth of agricultural productivity, and the maturation of commodity-capitalist relations. On the other hand, the main means of production were in the hands of the landlords, which led to an even greater extensive impoverishment of the landlord peasants. Thus, in Georgia, the remnants of serfdom survived even longer than in the European provinces of the Russian Empire. It is concluded that the reason for these remnants included the backwardness and relatively weak development of capitalist relations in the South Caucasus, in particular, in Georgia.

scholarly journals Reliability, Safety and Exploitation of Technical Objets - Attributes to be out of Order of Modern Civilizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lewitowicz ◽  
Stefan Rutkowski ◽  
Ryszard Tomaska ◽  
Andrzej Żyluk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Separate Line ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract Civilization is a state of human society during a particular period of time, conditioned with the degree to which the humans are able to control the nature; the total of already collected material goods, means of production and exploitation, suitable skills (know-how), and social institutions. It is processes of exploitation of engineered objects and natural resources of the Earth that closely and directly relate the economy, safety (widely understood) and environmental protection. Nowadays, as the development of technology has become a hectic process, too little attention is paid to safety. People die. The above outlined considerations can be summarized in the form of the following conclusion: Exploitation is an area that covers the art of many and various activities. It is a philosophy that puts all the fields of knowledge together. Therefore, it should be considered a separate line of science.

Making Advice Modern

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Julie Golia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Conduct Books ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Way

From early periodicals to conduct books, advice in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries was largely a one-way transmission from advice giver to receiver. It also served conservative ends, reinforcing traditional gender roles to wide audiences, and soothing male anxieties about cultural change. But transformations in media and in American culture at the end of the nineteenth century paved the way for a new and strikingly modern paradigm of advice—one that was interactive, public, flexible in topic and form, and woman-centered. This chapter offers an overview of the rise of the advice column and frames its genesis in the context of the changing newspaper and advertising industries.

It’s gotta be the shoes: Nike in the Spike-o-sphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Jeff Scheible
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Spike Lee ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Us ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Distinct Idea ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter traces the history and significance of Nike shoes within the auteurist mediascape that Spike Lee has cultivated for over three decades. Lee has steadily created his own dynamic, paracinematic universe that both parallels the logic of Hollywood’s dominant mode of production and resists some of its core tenets by retaining at its centre the distinct idea of the auteur—precisely what transmedial storytelling and postmodern textuality are often viewed to have obliterated. The chapter focuses on the beginning of Lee’s professional career in the 1980s and its current moment, noting the strong affinities between these moments both in American culture and in Lee’s work, which are intimately bound up with one another. Examining Lee’s career in this way provides insight into Lee’s engagement with the problem of police brutality and the enduring injustices faced by the black community in the US.

To the Renaissance orderly Functioning and Development of the Russian Economy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Viktor Cherkovets
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Means Of Production ◽  
The Way

The article examines the contradictions of the Russian economy in the context of the federal law “On the strategic planning in the Russian Federation”. The contradictory nature of planning on the way to market development is noted. It is emphasized that planning while maintaining the dominance of private capitalist ownership of the means of production does not entirely solve the problem of bringing the economy onto the path of sustainable development.

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