Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Properties, Toxicity, and Bioactive Cytotoxic Activity of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Candidates for Diabetes Mellitus Drugs by in silico

The in silico method is widely used to search for drug candidates, namely by predicting physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics (ADME), toxicity, know the description of drug interactions with target proteins, Rerank Score (RS), and then carried out the Molecular Docking (MD) process. This study intends to predict the physicochemical, pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties, toxicity, and cytotoxic activity of 15 bioactive compounds in black rice (Oryza sativa L.) drug candidates for diabetes mellitus using the GLP-1 target protein. The In silico test results showed that campesterol ferulate, cycloartenol ferulate, lutein, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin found in black rice have physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (ADME), toxicity, and better Rerank Score (RS) properties than omarigliptin (drug). Black rice can also be safely recommended to be consumed by people with diabetes mellitus.

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Pemberian Nasi Beras Merah (Oriza Nivara) dan Nasi Beras Hitam (Oriza Sativa L. Indica) terhadap Perubahan Kadar Glukosa pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus

Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari ◽

10.31539/jks.v4i2.1937 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 607-617

Author(s):

Laode Ardiansyah ◽

Nawawi Nawawi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Brown Rice ◽

P Value ◽

Black Rice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Oryza Nivara ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

This study aims to determine the effect of giving brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) to changes in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City. This research method was carried out with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test design test. The results of the study on checking blood glucose levels before and after giving brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) within one week obtained P-Value = 0.000 from P-Value <0.05, while in comparison between brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on changes in blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City obtained P-Value = 0.19 from P-Value < 0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of giving red rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on changes in blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Glucose Level, Black Rice, Brown Rice

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Subcellular Localization and Vesicular Structures of Anthocyanin Pigmentation by Fluorescence Imaging of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stigma Protoplast

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 685

Author(s):

Enerand Mackon ◽

Yafei Ma ◽

Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽

Qiufeng Li ◽

Qiong Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Subcellular Localization ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Brown Rice ◽

The Body ◽

Central Vacuole ◽

In Planta ◽

Black Rice

Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoid compounds broadly distributed in plant species responsible for attractive colors. In black rice (Oryza sativa L.), they are present in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. However, there is still no scientific evidence supporting the existence of compartmentalization and trafficking of anthocyanin inside the cells. In the current study, we took advantage of autofluorescence with anthocyanin’s unique excitation/emission properties to elucidate the subcellular localization of anthocyanin and report on the in planta characterization of anthocyanin prevacuolar vesicles (APV) and anthocyanic vacuolar inclusion (AVI) structure. Protoplasts were isolated from the stigma of black and brown rice and imaging using a confocal microscope. Our result showed the fluorescence displaying magenta color in purple stigma and no fluorescence in white stigma when excitation was provided by a helium–neon 552 nm and emission long pass 610–670 nm laser. The fluorescence was distributed throughout the cell, mainly in the central vacuole. Fluorescent images revealed two pools of anthocyanin inside the cells. The diffuse pools were largely found inside the vacuole lumen, while the body structures could be observed mostly inside the cytoplasm (APV) and slightly inside the vacuole (AVI) with different shapes, sizes, and color intensity. Based on their sizes, AVI could be grouped into small (Ф < 0.5 um), middle (Ф between 0.5 and 1 um), and large size (Ф > 1 um). Together, these results provided evidence about the sequestration and trafficking of anthocyanin from the cytoplasm to the central vacuole and the existence of different transport mechanisms of anthocyanin. Our results suggest that stigma cells are an excellent system for in vivo studying of anthocyanin in rice and provide a good foundation for understanding anthocyanin metabolism in plants, sequestration, and trafficking in black rice.

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