Magnetic Particles Weight as an Indicator for Heavy Metals Concentration

Due to the ever-increasing population growth, urbanization and industrial activity are essential for meeting the basic needs of households. Together with the resulting traffic load and ineffective waste disposal, these factors are the most important sources of environmental pollution in this century. Therefore, the concentration of contaminants should be regularly monitored to protect ecological and human health. The common analytical methods are time-consuming, expensive, and account for a potential source of contamination. In this study, Spearman correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, PMF model, and spatial analysis indicated that anthropogenic magnetic particle weight (MPW) indicates the heavy metal load originated from anthropogenic activity. Hence, it is introduced as a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for monitoring heavy metal contamination in soil, dust together with bed and suspended sediment. Whenever limited background knowledge prevents planning a comprehensive environmental investigation, this method can be used as the first step for gaining a general insight towards the present status and organize ranked set sampling design.

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Comparative characterisation of two fulvic acids from East Lake and Liangzi Lake in central China

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en14135 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jun Wang ◽

Huijie Li ◽

Yong Chen ◽

Yuan Fang ◽

Zongping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Fulvic Acids ◽

Central China ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

East Lake ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Eem Fluorescence

Environmental context Fulvic acids account for a large proportion of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments and affect the transportation and bioavailability of organic and inorganic pollutants. The structural and spectroscopic characteristics of fulvic acids mainly depend on the sources, seasons and anthropogenic activity. We present an advanced approach using fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid and cost-effective method to investigate the composition, properties and origins of fulvic acids. Abstract Fulvic acids (FAs) isolated seasonally from the sediments of East Lake and Liangzi Lake in central China were comparatively investigated. The structural features of the FAs were characterised using chemical and spectroscopic methods, including elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The O/C, (O+N)/C and C/N ratios of FA extracted from Liangzi Lake (FAL) were higher than those of FA extracted from East Lake (FAE), indicating higher oxygen-containing functionality and polarity and less nutrient in FAL compared with FAE. The two FAs had similar UV-Vis spectra with different absorbance intensities. The FT-IR spectra showed that the two FAs had similar functional groups. The total fluorescence intensity and aromaticity of samples from Liangzi Lake were higher than those of East Lake except for those taken in the summer. The two FAs were largely terrestrially derived organic materials. Five fluorescent components, including four humic-like and two fulvic-like components, were identified by PARAFAC modelling of the EEM spectral data. The fluorescence was dominated by two components. The findings suggest that EEM fluorescence spectroscopy together with PARAFAC is a rapid and cost-effective method for understanding the characteristics and origins of FAs in natural water systems.

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Molecular diagnostics of Sarcocystis spp. infections

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-012-0090-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. Stojecki ◽

J. Karamon ◽

J. Sroka ◽

T. Cencek

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Time Cost ◽

Common Time ◽

Sarcocystis Spp ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

The World ◽

The Common

Abstract Protozoa of the genus Sarcocystis (phylum Apicomplexa, family Sarcocystidae) is one of the most common parasites affecting animals. Interspecies diagnostic of Sarcocystis genus was based on electron microscopy for many years. Because of absence of visible differences between species with reachable magnifications, light microscopy is useless. In many cases serological diagnostic method have lack of sensitivity. A variety of molecular methods have been developed and used to detect and identify Sarcocystis spp. and to assess the genetic diversity among this protozoan from different population/hosts. Nowadays, molecular diagnostic is the common, time/cost effective method used all over the world to interspecies differentiation.

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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Extracted from Soil and Aquatic Environments: Current Advances as well as Emerging Trends

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac124.54865509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 5486-5509

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

Soil And Water

Quick industrial development, current farming practices, and other anthropogenic events enhance an important number of poisonous heavy metals in the atmosphere, which persuades severe poisonous effect on all the forms of living beings, which change the properties. This type of heavy metal pollution has ecological dangers as well as affects human health. Heavy metal contamination is mutagenic, endocrine, carcinogenic, and teratogenic, which causes nervous health problems mostly in kids. Further, an appropriate method for the remediation of adulteration of water along with soil is phytoremediation. In addition, it has been progressively utilized. Phytoremediation helps to improve the contaminated soil and water by the extraction of contaminating heavy metals, which is called phytoextraction and their phytostabilisation. Phytoremediation is based on many processes, and it is very eco-friendly, cost-effective, and economical. In this review, we aim to explain the detailed study of phytoremediation and current approaches.

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Novel banana peel/graphene oxide derived biosorbent for water purification

Alberta Academic Review ◽

10.29173/aar76 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 81-82

Author(s):

Rong Wu ◽

Muhammad Zubair ◽

Aman Ullah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Water Purification ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Waste Product ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Banana Peel ◽

High Concentration ◽

Clean Contaminated

More than 100 million tons of banana peels are produced annually, and about 40 million banana peels (40% of total weight) remain greatly unused. Hence, exploring banana peels’ ability to clean contaminated water would bring an additional value to the current “waste” product. One of the most common aspects of water pollution currently is heavy metal contamination, which is particularly dangerous for humans due to its high toxicity. Banana peels contain a high concentration of carbohydrates, the two most abundant being cellulose and starch, which has multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Banana peels are an easily available and cost-effective adsorbent that can adsorb different kinds of heavy metal ions. This research primarily focuses on improving the current efficiency of this technique through the development of a banana peel/graphene oxide hybrid adsorbent. The cross-linking graphene oxide possess numerous hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and epoxide functional groups that can be used to induce chemical reactions with banana peel carbohydrates, providing the graphene oxide with additional functional groups. This modification can potentially increase the adsorption capacity of banana peel derived adsorbents. It is evident through FTIR analysis that banana peel powder and graphene oxide have many functional groups of similar types. Thus, reactions can readily occur to combine the two substances. The TGA analysis of both compounds, however, indicates different patterns of thermal decomposition. Further thermal analysis is required for the hybrid adsorbent. After the development and characterization of this hybrid adsorbent, the next step is to complete a water purification analysis. In the future, banana peel/graphene oxide derived adsorbent may serve as a sustainable and efficient solution for water purification.

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Methodological approaches to the assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban ecosystems soils

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201763110 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Elena Valerievna Yudina

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Pollution Assessment ◽

Urban Ecosystems ◽

Traffic Load ◽

Motor Transport ◽

Data Content ◽

Very High

The paper presents the assessment of heavy metal pollution of Abakan soils, the main source of which is motor transport. The pollution assessment of the upper horizons soils located near four main highways of the city was conducted under established standards. The maximum concentration of elements was recorded in the area with very high traffic, which confirms the importance of the role of motor transport as the main source of pollutants. When calculating the total pollution index (Zc) all highways were in a dangerous category. A similar indicator calculated on the basis of the data content in the soil-forming rock, allowed us to determine the degree of pollution as moderately hazardous. Analysis of heavy metals content in soil profiles has allowed to establish in the upper soil horizons, a significant excess of gross and mobile forms of all elements at sites with very high and high degree of traffic load, which indicates intense аerogenic intake of pollutants. Determined the proportion of elements of anthropogenic origin and the fact of the uneven distribution of heavy metals in the soil profile and their concentration in different geochemical barriers. When determining causal relationships between heavy metal content and separate soil characteristics we have found a direct dependence on the following parameters: pH, humus, cation exchange capacity, carbon dioxide, carbonates, particle size distribution, and in some cases we can talk about complex influence of soil properties on the concentration of elements. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban ecosystems soils, using the data content of elements in soil-forming rock with the use of the profile approach is the most objective.

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Using off – set handpumps — a cost-effective method to protect drinking water in rural villages

Waterlines ◽

10.3362/0262-8104.1984.019 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 25-26

Author(s):

Daniel Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Cost Effective Method

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CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.09.18-23 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 18-23

Keyword(s):

Protective Coating ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Computational Tool ◽

Protection Method ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

The Cost ◽

Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

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