scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of child injury in a tertiary paediatric surgical centre in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-586
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury ◽  
Ayesha Sadia ◽  
Rumana Khan ◽  
Abida Farjana ◽  
Efat Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
School Age ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Child Injury ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

While high income countries (HICs) have reduced the mortality from child injury, it is increasing in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, injury registry and reporting are inconsistent and not well developed in the LMICs. This study aims at describing the epidemiology of child injury in a tertiary paediatric surgical centre in Bangladesh. We retrospectively analysed all patients of injury between 0 and 12 years of age admitted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chattogram Medical College Hospital during January 2017 to June 2020. Analysis was done for the hospital prevalence, age and sex distribution, seasonal variations, mechanism of injury, site of involvement, and mortality from injury. There were a total of 538 patients and male to female ratio was 2.01:1. Hospital prevalence was 6.71%. Mean age was 6.60 ± 3.32 years. School age children were affected more (51.7%); and “6-10 years” age group had the highest number injuries (251 patients, 46.65%). The most common mechanisms of injuries were road-traffic accident (RTA, 35.32%), followed by fall (26.39%) and „stab or cut injury‟ (20.63%). Males experienced more abdominal injuries and females had more perineal injuries (P=0.00). RTA was the commonest mechanism in males (37.05%) and falls were the commonest mechanism in females (32.96%). „Stab or cut injury‟ was the commonest mechanism in infants and toddlers, and RTA was commonest among pre-school and school age children. There were no significant seasonal variations (P=0.09). There were 5.76% intentional injuries. Mortality was 2.60% and major causes of mortality were RTA and animal assaults. Injuries were more prevalent during the mid-childhood with an overall increasing trend with age. Mechanism of injury and site of involvement were different among different age groups and between sexes. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 577-586

scholarly journals Study of Abdominal Injury: An Analysis of 50 Cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAB Siddique ◽  
MK Rahman ◽  
ABMA Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Penetrating Injury ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Blunt Injury ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Stab Injuries ◽  
Age Range

Abdominal injury is an important aspect of trauma because of difficulty in diagnosis and its lethal potential if not properly treated. Fifty cases of abdominal injury admitted in the surgical wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over 2 years have been studied here. All the patients underwent laparotomy for their management. The age range of the patient was 14 to 70 years and most commonly involved age group was 21 to 30 years. Male to female ratio was 15.6:1. The incidence of penetrating injury predominated (64%) over non-penetrating injury and majority had stab injuries. Road traffic accident predominated in blunt injury. Small gut injury outnumbered all other injuries in both groups. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom. Most of the patient arrived in the hospital within 24 hours. Considering clinical presentations and results of investigations, decision for laparotomy was taken with prior resuscitation.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3452 TAJ 2004; 17(2): 84-88

Prevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of ADHD in Pre-School and School Age Children in the Province of Tarragona, Spain

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472093886
Author(s):  
Josefa Canals Sans ◽  
Paula Morales Hidalgo ◽  
Joana Roigé Castellví ◽  
Núria Voltas Moreso ◽  
Carmen Hernández Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
School Age ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
Phase Design ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: To report the ADHD estimated prevalence in Spain, considering differences in sex, age, presentation, and severity. Method: This study has a two-phase design and forms part of the Neurodevelopmental Disorders Epidemiological Research Project (EPINED). The ADHD screening was conducted through parent ( N = 3,727) and teacher ( N = 6,894). To perform ADHD diagnosis (DSM-5), screen positive and a subsample of the screen negative children and their parents were assessed using neuropsychological tests and a semi-structured psychiatric interview. Results: The ADHD overall estimate prevalence was 5.5% (7.7% in school-age children; 3.0% in pre-schoolers) and 3.5% for subclinical conditions. The combined presentation and mild severity were the most common, while 18.2% were highly impaired. Previous diagnoses were found in 12% of pre-schoolers and 41% school-aged. Conclusion: The prevalence found in Spain is higher than other European reports. The low ratio of prior-diagnoses indicates a need to provide resources for assessment in school and clinical settings.

Lack of seasonal variations in urinary calcium/creatinine ratio in school-age children

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Stuart Hilgenfeld ◽  
Stephen Simon ◽  
Douglas Blowey ◽  
Wendy Richmond ◽  
UriS. Alon
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Creatinine Ratio

A Prospective Study of Coroner's Autopsies in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C N T Amakiri ◽  
E E U Akang ◽  
P U Aghadiuno ◽  
W O Odesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
University College ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
African Patients

The present study reviews 876 consecutive coroner's autopsies performed in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan over a two-year period (1 February 1991 to 31 January 1993). The hospital autopsy rate during the study period was 36.2%, and 62.5 per cent of these post-mortems were medico-legal cases. The most common indications for coroner's autopsies were sudden natural deaths (55.6%), followed by accidental deaths (35.3%). The proportions of maternal (4.3%), homicidal (3.1%) and suicidal (0.3%) deaths were much lower. The male to female ratio was 1.7 to 1. Ninety-one (10.4%) of the cases fell within the paediatric age group and the peak age incidence for these cases was in the 5–14 years age group. The remaining 785 (89.6%) cases were adults and the peak age incidence for these cases was in the fourth decade of life. The most common cause of sudden natural death was cardiovascular disease, of which hypertension constituted the majority of cases. Other major causes of sudden death included pneumonia, meningitis, typhoid fever and neoplastic diseases. Road traffic accidents accounted for 78 per cent of accidental deaths followed by falls (13.3%) and burns (4.6%). Abortions, post-partum haemorrhage and eclampsia were the major causes of maternal deaths in the present study. Homicidal deaths were eight times more frequent in male than female victims and the commonest mode of death was gunshot injuries. Suicidal deaths remain extremely uncommon in African patients, as confirmed by our study.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Autism/ASD Among Preschool and School-age Children in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Kamil Özerk ◽  
Donald Cardinal
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a considerable rise in prevalence rates for autism/autism spectrum disorders (ASD) around the globe. Understanding the patterns of prevalence is essential for policy development at national and local levels that effectively plans for medical, psychological, behavior analytical, and educational interventions. This study presents new data on the prevalence of ASD among preschool and school-age children (ages 1–16 years) in Norway. Based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria for diagnosis, the rate of ASD increased from 2014 to 2016. The study found a much higher increase in prevalence rate among preschool-age (1–5 years) children than school-age (6–16 years) children over the same 2-year period. At the same time, however, the rate of ASD among school-age children (6–16) compared with that among preschool children (1–5) is higher in 2014 and 2016, indicating a school-age effect. The results also indicate a shifting pattern of gender difference in diagnosed preschool-age children. The male-to-female ratio receiving an ASD diagnosis has increased from 4.46:1 in 2014 to 4.57:1 in 2016, suggesting that the gender gap may be slightly widening for preschool children. For school-age children, the gender gap (male-to-female ratio) is slightly narrowing, moving from 3.53:1 in 2014 to 3.46:1 in 2016. While these changes may not seem significant, the implications of the full findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of spinal injury patients admitted to the department of orthopaedics, King George Medical University

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Satyendra Kumar ◽  
Vikas Verma ◽  
Vineet Sharma ◽  
Shailendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Socioeconomic structure, policies and cultural traditions play important roles in the determining the epidemiological characteristics of spinal injury patients. An understanding of epidemiology of spinal injuries is essential for planning and implementation of preventive measures as well as clinical services. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of spinal injury patients admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, King George Medical University (KGMU).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Age, sex, time since injury to admission, site of injury, mechanism of injury, stability of injury, vertebral level, collision type, visibility, type of road, associated injuries, complications and outcome at the end of hospital stay was recorded.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean age of the 149 enrolled patients was 33.62±13.47 years. Male to female ratio was 2.63. More than fifty percent (52.3%) patients were admitted more than 48 hrs after injury. Most of the patients sustained injury in the house (59.1%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (79.2%). 54.23% of the falls were less than body height. Stable injuries (51%) were more common than unstable injuries. 21.48% patients had multiple levels of injury. 1st lumbar vertebra was the most common vertebra injured (20.88%). Ninty six (64.42%) patients had associated injuries. Most common complication were pulmonary (16.10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Traumatic spinal injuries predominantly involve young males. Household falls are the most common cause of traumatic spinal injuries. There is a need to determine the modifiable factors that contribute to household falls. There is a significant association between falls and complete injuries. </p>

scholarly journals Pattern of Injuries Among Children of Urban Slum Dwellers in Dhaka City

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mithun Alamgir ◽  
Sarwar Mahboob ◽  
Khan Shakil Ahmed ◽  
Md Shofiqul Islam ◽  
Shafinaz Gazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Child Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

This cross sectional study was conducted among the children aged 18 years and below at korail slum, near Gulshan Lake, Banani, Dhaka during March to June 2007 to ascertain the pattern of injuries and the risk factors associated with those injuries. Data were collected using cluster sampling technique. The total numbers of children under study in the surveyed house-holds were 486 and out of them 210 were injured. The prevalence of injury was, therefore, 43.2% or 432 per 1000 children. Nearly half (47%) of the participants were between 10-15 years of age and only about 2% were 15-18 years. The mean age was 8.8 ±3.4 years and the lowest and highest ages were 6 months and 17 years respectively. Male-female ratio was almost 1:1 and injury rate did not vary at all with respect to sex. The highest injury rate was observed among <5 yrs children (49%) and the lowest among those aged 15-18 yrs (39%). However, variation in age specific injury rates was not remarkable. The highest number of child injury was due to burn (33%), followed by road accident (29%) and occupational injury (14%). Other causes of child injuries were fall on the street (8%), animal bite (4%), fall from tree (1.5%), drowning (2%), fall from roof (3%), electric burn (1.5%), poisoning (1%) and chemical burn (0.5%) respectively. The overall high rate of prevalence of child injury and major causes (burn, road traffic accident, occupational injury) suggest for launching preventive strategy. Further in depth studies are recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12235 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (01): 24-28

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Children in Mainland China: A Meta-analysis and Systemic-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianrui Chen ◽  
Xiaoxia Lin ◽  
Zhong ling Ke ◽  
Yanhui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
West China ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to identify a reliable estimate of sleep disorders prevalence among children in mainland China and to describe its epidemiological characteristics.Methods: Relevant studies were searched thoroughly via electronic databases included China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang,Weipu,PubMed,Web of Science and Medline databases from inception until December 2020.Prevalence estimates were calculated by random-effects models. The sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analyses and Meta-regression analysis, and publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger’s Test. Results: Overall, 66 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which revealed that the pooled prevalence of sleep disorders was 37.6% (95%CI: 34.3-40.9%)with high heterogeneity (I2=99.6%,P=0.000).The prevalence rate of sleep disorders among males was higher than females (OR:1.01,95%CI:1.05-1.13).In all age groups, the prevalence rates of sleep disorders increased with age, including infancy or early childhood group(33.3%),pre-school group(38.9%), school-age group(43.7%). The prevalence rate in South China (30.4%, 95%CI: 23.9–36.8%) was the lowest, and the highest prevalence rate was in West China (47.4 %,95%CI:35.9–58.9%), which than any other region in China. The point estimate for sleep disorders prevalence obtained using the CSHQ criterion was higher than other criteria.Meta-regression indicated that age group could influence prevalence estimation (P = 0.011).Conclusions: Over the past two decades, the prevalence rate of sleep disorders among children in mainland China has increased, significantly affecting two-fifth of the school-age children. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders in west China was significantly higher than in any other area. There is still a lack of guidelines on children's sleep disorders in mainland China, so future research should pay special attention to the sleep disorders of school-age children and children in economically backward areas.

PEDESTRIAN SAFETY, IN PARTICULAR SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, DURING THEIR MOVEMENT AT NIGHTTIME

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Andrii Horpyniuk ◽  
Serghii Taraban ◽  
Volodymyr Koskovetskyi ◽  
Andrii Shatran
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Road User ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age

The issue of the safety of pedestrians, in particular school-age children during their movement at nighttime is considered with the coverage of such aspects of road safety as road infrastructure, vehicle design, behavior of drivers and pedestrians, especially children directly as the most vulnerable road users, and educational activities. Particular attention is paid to the fact that road traffic is the most complex and difficult aspect of the environment that a child can experience, especially during in poor daylight and in darkness (because in the autumn and winter it gets dark very early and time when children should go to school or from school falls at this period of the day). In the paper is shown how the visibility zones for drivers of motor vehicles in the darkness and in bad weather conditions are changing. Also, in the paper is provided information about the visibility of pedestrians who use or do not use on the clothes the retro-reflective elements, at the use of dipped and distant headlights of the car. The legislation of Ukraine and European countries in this area, which in particular regulates the requirements for the use of retro-reflective elements, as well as the practice and recommendations regarding their use, are analyzed. At the same time, the paper conducted a review of existing decisions that ensure pedestrian safety and allow them to be more visible to drivers of motor vehicles, especially with the onset of dusk and at nighttime. The analysis of the recommendations contained in the Consolidated Resolution on Road Traffic (R.E.1) concerning the increase of road safety in the dark time of day is carried out. Recommendations on possible actions to enhance the safety of pedestrians at the national level, including school-age children during their movement at nighttime are given. Keywords: road safety, road traffic accident, vulnerable road user, pedestrian, vehicle, retro-reflective element.

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