scholarly journals Heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in industrial areas under varying levels of pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Naser ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
MA Quddus ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Pollution Area

The concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) in three popular leafy vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and amaranth (Amaranthus oleraseus) and that in the respective soils were assessed. These crops and soils were collected from two industrial areas (Kalakoir and Zorun, Konabari, Gazipur), and one non-industrial area (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute-BARI) under Gazipur district. The concentration of heavy metal in different parts of plant followed the roots>leaves>stem and in soils the order was Kalakoir (pollution)> Zorun (medium pollution) > BARI (low/non-pollution). In all three leafy vegetables similar trend of metal contents was observed i.e. Ni>Cr>Pb>Co>Cd. In the highly pollution area (Kalakoir) the Pb and Ni concentration was found in the order of amaranth>spinach>red amaranth. The Cd concentration was in the order of spinach>amaranth>red amaranth whereas for Cd it was amaranth>red amaranth>spinach and for Cr it was red amaranth>amaranth>spinach. The Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr concentrations in the studied vegetables grown in the low polluted area were below the maximum acceptable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, except, Cd in spinach and amaranth. However, the higher concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr in vegetables grown in the industrial areas indicates that industrial discharge causes heavy metals contamination of soil and eventually their accumulation in plants.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 39-51, March 2018

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Levels in Vegetables with Growth Stage and Plant Species Variations

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Mohammad Naser ◽  
Sarmin Sultana ◽  
Nashir Uddin Mahmud ◽  
Rebeca Gomes ◽  
Shamsun Noor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Metal Levels

Field experiment was conducted to compare and investigate the concentration  levels of heavy metals in leafy vegetables with growth stage and plant species  variations on an experimental field near the net house of Soil Science Division,  Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh  during November 2008 to January 2009. Seeds of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and amaranth (Amaranthus oleraseus) were  sown on 14 November 2008. Plant and soil samples were collected at different  growth stages, such as at 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after sowing (DAS). The  concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and  chromium (Cr) in plant increased with the age of the plant, but the increase was  not linear. The rate of increase of concentration of these metals at 20 to 30 DAS  was found lower than that at 30 to 40 DAS, except Cr. Heavy metal content  gradually increased at the early growing stage and fall during later stages of  growth. The significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed between the mean  metal concentrations in the three vegetables species. The Pb and Co  concentrations in amaranth were found higher compared to those found in  spinach and red amaranth. Spinach exhibited higher levels of Cd and Cr than  those of other vegetables. However, the three vegetables did not differ  significantly in its Ni concentration. The order of heavy metal level in different  vegetables was Cd<Co<Pb<Ni<Cr. In vegetable species in respect of heavy  metal concentration Cd, Ni, and Cr was highest in spinach and amaranth showed  highest concentration in Pb and Co. The highest correlation between soil-plant  was found for Cd, while the lowest for Ni. Metal concentrations in the  vegetables studied were found lower than the maximum allowable level in India  but the concentrations of Cd and Cr were higher than the allowable levels set by  the World Health Organization (WHO).   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11743   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 563-574, December 2011    

Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation, Growth and Yield of Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Saima Kausar ◽  
Shahla Faizan ◽  
Irfana Haneef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Use of wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries. Wastewater contains plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of using wastewater to grow four vegetables fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and carrot (Daucus carotaL.). Two aspects namely (1) effect on plant growth and yield (2) accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in leaves and roots of the plant have been presented in this paper. The physico-chemical analysis of the wastewater showed that it was rich in total suspended and dissolved solids with large amount of BOD and COD. The higher amount of Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and K+ were also present in the effluent. The heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) content in wastewater is comparatively more than groundwater (GW). The values of these heavy metals were slightly higher in the soil irrigated with wastewater. The effluent severely affects crop plants and soil properties when used for irrigation. The growth characteristics (plant length, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf number and leaf area) as well as yield characteristics (seed number, 1000 seed weight and seed yield) of all the plants, irrigated with 100% wastewater, were more than that with groundwater. The pattern of increase for the plants was fenugreek greater than radish greater than spinach greater than carrot. Though the wastewater contains low levels of the heavy metals, the soil and plant samples show higher values due to accumulation, but their level was under permissible limits in plants. The trend of metal accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Pb greater than Ni greater than Zn greater than Cu greater than Cr greater than Cd. Of the four plants that are grown, the order of total heavy metal accumulation in roots is Carrot greater than Radish, while in leaves the order is Spinach greater than Fenugreek. The enrichment factor (EF) of the heavy metals in contaminated soil is in the sequence of Ni (3.1) greater than Pb (2.6) greater than Cd (2.35) greater than Zn (2.18) greater than Cu (1.66) greater than Cr (1.05), while in plants EF varies depending upon the species and plant part. Radish and carrot show a high transfer factor (TF greater than 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant whereas the TF values for Pb are very low as it is not bioavailable. Thus, it may be concluded that wastewater may be used profitably for the cultivation of these vegetables and could effectively supplement not only the nutrient requirement of the crop but may also act as the source of water..

scholarly journals Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Litchens from Various Localities of Hosur Road, Bangalore, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Begum ◽  
M. Ramaiah ◽  
Harikrishna ◽  
Irfanulla Khan ◽  
K. Veena
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas

Assessment of heavy metal content in litchens and soil samples from various localities of Hosur Road, Bangalore south was undertaken. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were taken at various locations, the metals analysed were Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu. The geoaccumulation index of these metals in the soils under study residential areas indicated that they are uncontaminated with Ni, Zn, and Fe and moderately contaminated with Cr and Pb. In Industrial areas and traffic junctions the concentration of Fe, Pb and Ni was maximum. Heavy metal accumulation in few prominent lichens of some localities was analysed. Cr and Pb were maximum inChrysothrix candelaris(L.) Laundon, at the gardens of Madiwala and Silk Board junction with 95.29 and 623.95 µg g–1dry weight respectively. Fe and Cu were maximum inBulbothrix isidiza(Nyl.). Hale andPyxine petricolaNyl at Central Prison campus and Kendriya Sadan campus with 22721 and 338.12 µg g–1dry weight respectively,Lecanora perplexaBrodo at Infosis and Wipro Campus, electronic city have 531.5 and 634 µg g–1dry weight of Zn. While Ni and Fe were maximum in Arthopyreniaceae at Shanti Niketan of MICO Limited with 1100 and 23200 µg g–1dry weight respectively.

Effects of different sewage sludge applications on heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
Ahmed F. El-Bebany ◽  
Sulaiman A. Alrumman ◽  
Abd El-Latif Hesham ◽  
Mostafa A. Taher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L

scholarly journals Heavy metal accumulation and antioxidant properties of Nephrolepis biserrata growing in heavy metal-contaminated soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Soil P

<div> <p>Antioxidant defense mechanisms are crucial for plants to survive under stress conditions. We investigated the capacity of a wild fern species, <em>Nephrolepis biserrata,</em> growing in the vicinity of industrial land to accumulate heavy metals, and assessed its antioxidative response under metal stress. The soils in this particular area were highly contaminated with zinc followed by lead and copper. As control, <em>N. biserrata</em> located 10 km away from the industrial area were collected and assessed. <em>N. biserrata</em> from the contaminated sites accumulated metals in their tissues in similar descending order of zinc&gt;lead&gt;copper. The values of bioaccumulation factor between 0 to 0.1 indicate <em>N. biserrata</em> as a moderate accumulator for the tested metals. For the enzymatic antioxidant assays, the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly higher in <em>N. biserrata</em> from contaminated soil compared to control, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was not differ significantly in plants from both sites. We also detected higher contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in <em>N. biserrata</em> collected from contaminated site compared to control. Our HPLC analysis revealed higher levels of myricetin and kaempferol in plant samples from the contaminated area. Our study verified the capacity of <em>N. biserrata</em> to scavenge oxygen radicals when exposed to heavy metal stress. Such ability to tolerate stressful condition suggests that the plant is a potential metal phytoremediator.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Greenhouse Vegetables and Topsoils

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Zeng ◽  
Jia Li Shentu ◽  
Chen Chao Shen ◽  
Dong Sheng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Chinese Standard

A survey and comprehensive assessment were conducted to investigate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in 67 greenhouse leafy vegetables and the corresponding topsoil from the typical greenhouse vegetable cultivation area in southeastern China. The Cd concentrations in all soils exceeded the Chinese standard GB15618-1995, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations were slightly elevated, while the soils were not polluted by Pb. The single-factor pollution index showed that Cd in the soils reached “moderate pollution” levels and other metals were present at safe levels. The Nemerow integrated pollution index was more appropriate than the single-factor pollution index for assessing heavy metal pollution in the soils, and the results showed that Cd was the main pollutant in the studied region, especially in Chun’an, Fuyang, Lin’an, and Tonglu districts. All of the greenhouse vegetables analyzed were heavily polluted by Cd and Pb, moderately polluted by Ni and Zn, but not polluted by Cu. The Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations in the vegetables exceeded standard GB2762-2005. The bioconcentration factors for the vegetables analyzed decreased in the order Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni. Lettuce (Spinacia oleracea) accumulated Cd more strongly than the other leafy vegetables analyzed, and tarragon (C. coronarium) accumulated Cu and Zn most strongly.

Influence of soil inorganic amendments on heavy metal accumulation by leafy vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia E. Golia ◽  
Maria-Anna Chartodiplomenou ◽  
Sotiria G. Papadimou ◽  
Ourania-Despoina Kantzou ◽  
Nikolaos G. Tsiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Inorganic Amendments ◽  
Soil Inorganic

scholarly journals Heavy Metal (Pb, Hg) Contained in Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in Cengkok Coastal Waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Nadya Febrianessa ◽  
Sulistiono Sulistiono ◽  
Agustinus Mangaratua Samosir ◽  
Masashi Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Solid Liquid

Increasing number of industries and settlements in Banten Bay were subsequently followed by an increase in the amount of waste, whether in the form of solid, liquid or gas that can pollute the environment. One of the toxic pollutants is heavy metal.The entry mechanism of the heavy metal Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in body of the crab (Portunus pelagicus), namely through the process of digestion food. This study was conducted for 6 months, from March to August 2019, and aimed to analyze the heavy metal content levels (Pb and Hg) and the safe consumption level of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters. The heavy metal concentration in the meat was measured through the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) AA 7000 series Shimadzu. The analysis showed that the Pb and Hg contained in the blue swimming crab were still under the quality standards. Also, the bio-concentration factors of the blue swimming crab were low (<100).  Water quality data observed as temperature, salinity, TSS, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and transparency stayed in the range of tolerable limits for the survival of marine organisms. Maximum weekly intake calculation refers to the tolerable limits issued by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The JECFA recommends calculating the PTWI of each heavy metal if it accumulates in the human body for methyl mercury 1.6 μg.kg bw.week-1 and for lead not exceed 25 μg.kg bw.week-1. The safety consumption level of blue swimming crab from Cengkok Coastal water was 2.3 kg of meat.week-1 (for adults) and 0.6 kg of meat.week-1 (for children).

scholarly journals Determination of Some Heavy Metals (Cu, Co, Ni) in Edible Clay from South Eastern Nigeria and Its Effect Due to Consumption

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. M. Ekuma ◽  
T. C. Ogunyemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Consumption

Determination of heavy metal contents in edible clay (kaolin) from Enyigba in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State of Nigeria was carried out using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The quantitative analysis of heavy metal analyzed in the edible clay sample were 0.012 mg/kg for Co, 0.113 mg/kg for Cu and 0.712 mg/kg for Ni. This study shows that the levels of these heavy metals (Co, Cu and Ni) in kaolin are below the permissible limits as established by the regulatory organization (World Health Organization, WHO). Compared to the safety intake levels for these heavy metals recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM), and Agency for toxic substance and disease Registry (ATSDR), the dietary intakes of the three heavy metals from daily consumption of 20 g of kaolin should pose no health risk to human.

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