scholarly journals Shingles: Extensive Clinical Presentation of Herpes Zoster Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Nazmul Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Akhil Chandra Biswas ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Farid Uddin Milki ◽  
Saif Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Antiviral Medications

Shingles, also known as zoster, herpes zoster, or zona, is a viral disease characterized by painful skin rash with blisters.Typically the rash occurs on either side of face in a single stripe. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be pain or tingling in the area. The rash usually heals within two to four weeks.Ongoing nerve pain may last for months or years,condition called postherpetic neuralgia. In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely. If the rash involves the eye, vision loss may occur. Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) within body. Chickenpox is due to an initial infection with VZV. Once chickenpox has resolved, the virus may remain inactive in nerve cells. Risk factors for reactivation include older age, poor immune function, and having had chickenpox before 18 months of age. Diagnosis is typically based on signs and symptoms. The shingles vaccine decreases the chance of shingles by about half in those between the ages of 50 and 80. It also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia. Antiviral medications such as aciclovir can reduce the severity and duration of disease if started within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash. NSAIDs or opioids may be used to help with the acute pain.It is estimated that about a third of people develop shingles at some point in their life. children may also get the disease. The number of new cases per year ranges from 1.2–3.4 per 1,000. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2016; 22(2): 122-125  

Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Patient’s and a Physician’s Perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antiviral Medications ◽  
Physician’S Perspective

Herpes zoster can plague anyone who has had varicella or has received the varicella or chickenpox vaccine. The incidence of herpes zoster increases with age and rises exponentially after 60 years of age. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) may occur after herpes zoster at any age but typically occurs after 50 years of age, with over 40% of persons over 60 years of age suffering from PHN after a shingles attack. Up to 1 million new cases of herpes zoster and 200,000 new cases of PHN may now be anticipated in the United States every year, with the incidence rate increasing as the population grows and ages with prolonged life expectancies. Although new antiviral medications will improve and shorten the course of herpes zoster, they do not guarantee the prevention of PHN. Given the high prevalence of PHN in an aging population and the availability of primary prevention by vaccination, the objectives of this review are to describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of zoster and PHN and to recommend a combination of strategies for the clinical management and prevention of PHN. This review contains 6 figures, 4 tables and 13 references Key words: evidence-based pain medicine, herpes zoster, neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia

scholarly journals Kestabilan Model Matematika Infeksi Primer Penyakit Varicella Dan Infeksi Rekuren Penyakit Herpes Zoster Oleh Virus Varicella Zoster

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Hardiyanti ◽  
R Ratianingsih ◽  
Hajar
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Disease Free

Varicella and herpes zoster are two infectious skin diseases of human that caused by varicella zoster virus, where varicella disease is a primary infection that often infected younger people while herpes zoster disease is a recurrent disease that often infected older people because of reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus. If the pain caused by herpes zoster after recurrent phase is a appeared then the condition is known as postherpetic neuralgia. This study builds a mathematical model of primary infection (varicella disease) and recurrent infection (herpes zoster disease) developed from the SIR model (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered). The human population is divided into seven subpopulations, namely susceptible, infection, recovered of varicella, herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia subpopulation. Stability analysis at the critical point by linearization method gives a critical point 𝑇1 that guaranted to exist and unstable if 𝛼 𝜇(𝛽1+𝜇) 𝐴 , while the critical point 𝑇1 does not have any reqruitment. Stability analysis at the endemic disease-free critical point is represented 𝑇1 that will be unstable if 𝑇2 exist and stable 𝑇1 if 𝑇2 exist. Numerical simulations by simulated to describe such temporary disease-free conditions and an endemic stable conditions.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia: Past, Present and Future

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J Bennett ◽  
C Peter N Watson
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Varicella Zoster

OBJECTIVES: The history behind the current understanding of the varicella-zoster virus and its relationship to the pain conditions caused by shingles and postherpetic neuralgia are reviewed. The framework for the current conceptualization is Hope-Simpson’s latency hypothesis. Data from recent work in virology, neuroanatomy and epidemiology are reviewed, as is work using varicella-zoster virus-infected animals. The recent data largely confirm Hope-Simpson’s hypothesis and extend it significantly.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Herpes Zoster; A Cross-Sectional Study from Tertiary Hospital

Med Phoenix ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Vikash Paudel ◽  
Buddhi Raj Pandey ◽  
Richa Tripathee ◽  
Rishabh Dev Tripathee ◽  
Shreema Sitaula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Background: Herpes zoster is dermatomal neuropathic disease caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus, characterized by vesicobullous eruptions. Although, being a common cause of morbidity, there are few clinicepidemiological studies and the studies regarding the knowledge and practice among the patients are nominal.Methods: This was descriptive observational study which included 100 consecutive patients with herpes zoster who presented to Department of Dermatology and Venereology in a Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu during the period from July 2014 to June 2015.Results: The annual incidence was 0.55%. Seventy two percent were males and 28 percent were females with the M: F=2.5:1. The average age of patients and mean duration of disease was 40.4 years and 5.5 days respectively. Ninety five percent were managed at OPD and 5 % of them needed hospitalization. Most common dermatome involved was thoracic (50%) followed by cervical (20%). Twelve percent had one or more provocative features including diabetes, steroid use, chemotherapy, surgical trauma etc. Twenty patients had definite history chicken pox. Twenty-five percent had local complication at the time of presentation. Fifty two percent had themselves identified the lesion as herpes zoster. However, only 10 had some knowledge about it. Twelve percent had visited traditional healers prior to hospital arrival.Conclusions: The results show varied clinicoepidemiologic patterns of herpes zoster. Major patient have less knowledge about it. A larger study would be necessary for better clinical, epidemiological and social behavioral data. Because of ignorance and tradition, awareness program should be conducted to reduce potential complications. Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 60-65                                             

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Clinical Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection among Febrile Outpatients Seeking Health Care in Mzuzu City, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flywell Kawonga ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Dylo Pemba ◽  
Leonard Mboera ◽  
Isaac Thom Shawa
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV. We conducted this study determine the seroprevalence and clinical presentation of Chikungunya infection among outpatients seeking healthcare in Mzuzu City, Malawi. Blood samples were collected from malaria negative and non-septic febrile outpatients with fevers ≥38 °C, for not more than 5 days. The enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies and its results were used to determine seroprevalence of Chikungunya. A total of 119 serum samples were tested, of these, 73 (61.3%) tested positive for anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies by ELISA. Laboratory requisition forms were used to capture demographic information such as age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms presented by the enrolled patients. Age groups of 1-9, 10- 19, 20- 29, 30- 39, 40- 49, and ≥50 years had 17.8% (n= 13), 12.3 %,( n=9), 15.1%) (n=11), 19.2%; (n=14), 17.8% (n=13) and 17.8% (n=13) proportion of seroprevalence respectively. Most of the CHIKV infected individuals presented with fever (52.05%), joint pain (45.21%) and abdominal pain (42.67%). The presence of anti- CHIKV IgM antibodies suggest the presence of recent CHIKV infection and therefore accurate laboratory assays are highly recommended for CHIKV diagnosis and appropriate management of febrile patients.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster in Immunosuppressed Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 674-680
Author(s):  
Akshad Wadbudhe ◽  
Smita Damke
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patient ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a disease caused by the activation of the virus in the latent phase. The name of the virus is varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus remains in the dorsal root ganglia, the collection of neuronal cell bodies. It is known as reactivation because it is a secondary infection. The main or the old infection is chickenpox; it generally occurs in the early stages of life. This secondary infection is caused in the later stages of life in old age patients; if the patient is immunocompromised, this type of infection can cause death or make the patient unconscious. But in the world, many people have a variety of standard or uncommon signs and symptoms of this disease based on their body, diet, area, or even genetic features. This Herpes Zoster acts on the immune response called cell-mediated immunity and decreases it rapidly with the advance of age of the person. In the coming years, the incidences of this disease are gradually increasing because of the weakening of the immune system. The incidences also happened in people with defective immunity of cell-mediated type or due to the abuse of certain drugs. The herpes zoster is caused to the immunosuppressed patient more quickly than the average population. As there is no immune system to defend the body, some secondary infections can also be induced in these conditions and lead to death. This multiple infection can make a differential diagnosis. This review explains and understands the herpes zoster virus causing different complications in the body and other clinical things related to immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of 170 Patients Followed up with Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in Nothern Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
Dua Cebeci ◽  
Seide Karasel
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
General Practice Research Database ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
General Practices

Herpes zoster is viral infection that occurs with reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is usually a painful but self-limited dermatomal rash with  cutaneous distribution. Although it's usually a painful, self-limiting rash, it can be much more serious; In addition, acute cases often lead to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and seriously impair quality of life. It is important to recognize those at risk of developing postherpetic neuralgia, early treatment and prevent complications. Objectives :Our aim is to determine the clinical features of our herpes zoster diseases and to review the treatments in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Methods: A search for HZ and PHN was conducted in a general practice research database, comprising 2 general practices( dermatologist and physatrist) and representing 5600 people. We analyzed a retrospective 170 case series of pediatirc and adults addmited  to the dermatology and physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic between October 2018 and October 2020. Results: A total of 170 new cases had been diagnosed with HZ in the dermatology and physical therapy and rehabilitation clinics over 2 years . Female to male ratio was 2:1 and the age ranged from 5 years to 88 years. The thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly involved. The risk of developing PHN 1 month after the start of the zoster rash was 21 %. Independent risk indicators for the occurrence of PHN were age [55–74] years. Conclusion : The risk of developing PHN increases with age and with commorbitity. Preventive strategies such as vaccination should focus on patients with herpes zoster aged >55 years.

HERPES ZOSTER OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samit Jain ◽  
Sarika Jain ◽  
Sewta Jain
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Key Words Varicella ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dorsal Ganglion

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent for Herpes Zoster. Varicella-zoster virus reactivates from its latent state in posterior dorsal ganglion results in its spread from the ganglion to the corresponding dermatomes producing neurocutaneous signs and symptoms and can only occur in someone who has history of chickenpox (varicella). When it reactivates, it travels from the nerve body to the endings in the skin, producing blisters. Symptoms such as odontalgia, could be present during the prodromal stage. With an increase in the number of herpes zoster patients, the dentist must be familiar to the signs and symptoms of the prodromal manifestations of herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve. This article focuses on the difficulties in management of such cases and one such case is reported here. Key Words: Varicella-zoster virus; herpes zoster; reactivate; dermatomes; prodormal stage

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