scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic based dosing of ciprofloxacin in complicated urinary tract infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sabo ◽  
Ana Tomas ◽  
Nataša Tomić ◽  
Momir Mikov ◽  
Olga Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Concentration Curves

<p>Ciprofloxacin is often used in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in areas with high rates of resistance to first line agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of ciprofloxacin in standard dosing regimens in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Plasma concentration curves were simulated and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and post-antibiotic effect were determined. Ciprofloxacin MIC ranged from 0.0156 for Gram-negative and to 0.125-0.5 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria. Both dosing regimens were suitable for eradication of Gram-negative bacteria, with slight supremacy of 750 mg/12 hours over 500 mg/12 hours dosing regimen. Even though all strains were fully susceptible to ciprofloxacin, pharmaco-kinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters did not meet target thresholds for pathogens with MIC over 0.1-0.2 µg/mL regardless of the administered dose. Ciprofloxacin remains an excellent choice for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, but in infection caused by Gram-positive strains, deeper analysis is necessary in order to achieve optimal results.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Multiple myeloma complicated with pseudomonas endocartiditis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Todaro ◽  
Patrícia Weinschenker Bollmann ◽  
Amit Nussbacher ◽  
Luis Fernando Aranha Camargo ◽  
Bento Fortunato Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma are more susceptible to infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated to this disease. The main infectious agents involved are Gram-positive bacteria. However, after chemotherapy an increase in the incidence of Gram-negative strains is observed. These bacteria are also responsible for most cases of urinary tract infections. Here is reported a rare case in a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed endocarditis due to pseudomonas.

scholarly journals The Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Hospital-Acquired Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Ghadiri ◽  
Hamid Vaez ◽  
Samira Khosravi ◽  
Ebrahim Soleymani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Treatment of nosocomial infections is becoming difficult due to the increasing trend of antibiotics resistance. Current knowledge on antibiotic resistance pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. We aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles in nosocomial bloodstream and urinary tract pathogens. A total of 129 blood stream and 300 urinary tract positive samples were obtained from patients referring to Besat hospital over a two-year period (2009 and 2010). Antibiotic sensitivity was ascertained using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to CLSI guidelines. Patient's data such as gender and age were recorded. The ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria in BSIs was 1.6 : 1. The most prevalent BSI pathogen was Coagulase-NegativeStaphylococci(CoNS). The highest resistance rate of CoNS was against penicillin (91.1%) followed by ampicillin (75.6%), and the lowest rate was against vancomycin (4.4%).Escherichia coliwas the most prevalent pathogen isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria was 3.2 : 1. The highest resistance rate ofE. coliisolates was against nalidixic acid (57.7%). The present study showed that CoNS andE. coliare the most common causative agents of nosocomial BSIs and UTIs, and control of infection needs to be addressed in both antibiotic prescription and general hygiene.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Red Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed and Skin Extract Treatment on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria that Causes of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women Examined by using White Mice (Mus musculus)

Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Satriya Manggala Liastra ◽  
Ninuk Dwi Ariningtyas ◽  
Yelvi Levani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection or what is often called a UTI is an infectious disease of the urinary tract epithelium and is commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria, namely the Staphylococcus aureus, with a prevalence rate of 68 million patients in the world and 1.2 million patients in Indonesia. The diagnosis of UTI is established with a positive urine culture significance value ≥105 (CFU)/ml. The existing clinical management for cases of urinary tract infections in pregnant women uses amoxicillin to kill gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. However, there have been 469 cases of antibiotic resistance in pregnant women in Indonesia due to the non-compliance of using antibiotics for urinary tract infections. Vitis vinifera can be used as an alternative to natural bactericidal resveratrol containing anthocyanidin to kill gram-positive bacteria. This study used 28 white mice (Mus musculus) aged 6-21 weeks and weighing 120-200 grams injected with Staphylococcus aureus. The 28 subjects were divided into 4 groups, each of which consisted of 7 mice. The mice received K1 treatment with 250 mg/kgBW of amoxicillin and treatments with 200, 300, and 500 mg/KgBW red grape seed and skin extract. Before treatments were given, a pre-test was conducted to ensure that the results were not biased. Post-test was also performed after the Staphylococcus aureus injection, which was measured after 5 days of urine culture that reached 107 CFU/ml. The treatment in P3 using 500 mg/KgBW of red grape seed and skin extract contributed to the smallest result with 102 Cfu/ml, equals to the result produced by giving 250 ml/KgBW of amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) In Children At Children Hospital In Baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Nadheema Hammood Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: First six to twelve months after initial urinary tract infection, most infections are caused by Escherichiacoli, although in the first year of life Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter spp andEnterococcus spp, are more frequent than later in life, and there is a higher risk of urosepsis compared with adulthood Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates from Urinary Tract Infections of children at a children hospital in Baghdad and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Type of the study: Cross-sectional study. Methods: During six months of study (1 June to 31 December, 2016), 117urine specimens were collected from a children hospital in Baghdad. Results: Out 38 isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were obtained from urine specimens in a percentage of 5(13.2%) and 33(86.8%),respectively. The lowest incidence was among the 11-15 years old age group (11.9%) whereas the highest incidence was among the 1-5 years old age group (43.6%)(P≤0.05).Also out of 38positive cultures, the incidence was higher in females 31(81.6%)than that of males 7(18.4%). Out of 38 positive cultures, the isolation rate was 5(13.2%) for Gram positive isolates and 33(86.8%)for Gram negative isolates. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli19(50%)(P-value ≤ 0.05), while the only isolated Gram positive was Staphylococcus aureus5(42.86%) isolates.The most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor (100%) and for Gram negative isolates wasimipenem (100%). Ampicillin showed the highest resistance rate for both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates(100%) and Pesudomonas aeruginsa isolates showed the highest resistant rates to most antibiotics under study. Conclusions: The most frequently isolated bacteria was E. coli from all urine cultures and the most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor

scholarly journals Ertapenem for multiple β-lactamases producing Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections in HIV patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasingam Arunagirinathan ◽  
MarimuthuRagavan Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Ramachandran Vignesh ◽  
Pachamuthu Balakrishnan ◽  
Suniti Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections
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