The Effectiveness of Red Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed and Skin Extract Treatment on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria that Causes of  Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women Examined  by using White Mice (Mus musculus)

Urinary tract infection or what is often called a UTI is an infectious disease of the urinary tract epithelium and is commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria, namely the Staphylococcus aureus, with a prevalence rate of 68 million patients in the world and 1.2 million patients in Indonesia. The diagnosis of UTI is established with a positive urine culture significance value ≥105 (CFU)/ml. The existing clinical management for cases of urinary tract infections in pregnant women uses amoxicillin to kill gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. However, there have been 469 cases of antibiotic resistance in pregnant women in Indonesia due to the non-compliance of using antibiotics for urinary tract infections. Vitis vinifera can be used as an alternative to natural bactericidal resveratrol containing anthocyanidin to kill gram-positive bacteria. This study used 28 white mice (Mus musculus) aged 6-21 weeks and weighing 120-200 grams injected with Staphylococcus aureus. The 28 subjects were divided into 4 groups, each of which consisted of 7 mice. The mice received K1 treatment with 250 mg/kgBW of amoxicillin and treatments with 200, 300, and 500 mg/KgBW red grape seed and skin extract. Before treatments were given, a pre-test was conducted to ensure that the results were not biased. Post-test was also performed after the Staphylococcus aureus injection, which was measured after 5 days of urine culture that reached 107 CFU/ml. The treatment in P3 using 500 mg/KgBW of red grape seed and skin extract contributed to the smallest result with 102 Cfu/ml, equals to the result produced by giving 250 ml/KgBW of amoxicillin.

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Multiple myeloma complicated with pseudomonas endocartiditis

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082012000400017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 498-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juliana Todaro ◽

Patrícia Weinschenker Bollmann ◽

Amit Nussbacher ◽

Luis Fernando Aranha Camargo ◽

Bento Fortunato Cardoso dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Rare Case ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Tract Infections

Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma are more susceptible to infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated to this disease. The main infectious agents involved are Gram-positive bacteria. However, after chemotherapy an increase in the incidence of Gram-negative strains is observed. These bacteria are also responsible for most cases of urinary tract infections. Here is reported a rare case in a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed endocarditis due to pseudomonas.

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Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) In Children At Children Hospital In Baghdad

AL-Kindy College Medical Journal ◽

10.47723/kcmj.v13i1.137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

Nadheema Hammood Hussein

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Old Age ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Age Group ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Background: First six to twelve months after initial urinary tract infection, most infections are caused by Escherichiacoli, although in the first year of life Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter spp andEnterococcus spp, are more frequent than later in life, and there is a higher risk of urosepsis compared with adulthood Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates from Urinary Tract Infections of children at a children hospital in Baghdad and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Type of the study: Cross-sectional study. Methods: During six months of study (1 June to 31 December, 2016), 117urine specimens were collected from a children hospital in Baghdad. Results: Out 38 isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were obtained from urine specimens in a percentage of 5(13.2%) and 33(86.8%),respectively. The lowest incidence was among the 11-15 years old age group (11.9%) whereas the highest incidence was among the 1-5 years old age group (43.6%)(P≤0.05).Also out of 38positive cultures, the incidence was higher in females 31(81.6%)than that of males 7(18.4%). Out of 38 positive cultures, the isolation rate was 5(13.2%) for Gram positive isolates and 33(86.8%)for Gram negative isolates. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli19(50%)(P-value ≤ 0.05), while the only isolated Gram positive was Staphylococcus aureus5(42.86%) isolates.The most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor (100%) and for Gram negative isolates wasimipenem (100%). Ampicillin showed the highest resistance rate for both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates(100%) and Pesudomonas aeruginsa isolates showed the highest resistant rates to most antibiotics under study. Conclusions: The most frequently isolated bacteria was E. coli from all urine cultures and the most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor

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1372. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria in Patients Younger than 19 Years: Prediction Analysis in a 13-year Hospital-Based Cohort

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S695-S696

Author(s):

Yu-Lung Hsu ◽

Shih-Ni Chang ◽

Chin-Chi Kuo ◽

Che-Chen Lin ◽

Hsiao-Chuan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Tract Infections ◽

First Time

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common pediatric bacterial infections. Gram positive (GP) pathogens, in contrast to gram negative (GN) bacilli such as E. coli, are less accounted for pediatric UTI. The aim of this study was to identify predictors to enable clinicians to detect GP uropathogens from mostly causative GN bacteria in children with UTI. Methods This retrospective cohort study identified 26,066 paired urinalysis and urine culture obtained from the pediatric patients during 2003-2016. Of patients with UTI meeting our criterial, we included children with first-time UTI and classified them into GP-UTI and GN-UTI (Figure 1). Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected into analysis. We built a multivariable logistic regression model to predict the GP-UTI. The model performance was examined by using calibration and discrimination plots. We demonstrated a nomogram to predict GP-UTI that could be feasible in the clinical practice. Figure 1. Flowchart of the Selection Process of the Study Population (N = 3,783 patients). Results Of 3,783 children with first-time UTIs, 166 (4.4%) were infected by GP and 3,617 (95.6%) by GN bacteria. The top 3 pathogens for GP uropathogens were vancomycin-resistant (VR) E. faecalis, S. saprophyticus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Significant risk factors associated with GP-UTI in the multivariable analysis were: age >= 24 months [odds ratio (OR) 3.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-8.26], serum white blood cell (WBC) (compared to ≥14.4 x 103/μL) [OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.26-3.77], hemoglobin (compared to < 11.3 g/dL) [OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04-3.45], negative urine leukocyte esterase [OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.83-5.33], negative urine nitrite [OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.88-9.14] and urine WBC (compared to ≥420/μL) [OR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.26] (Table 1). This model had good discrimination (C-statistic 0.874; 95% CI 0.839-0.908) and calibration performance (Figure 2). By using our nomogram, physicians can estimate the probability of UTI that is caused by a GP pathogen, with a probability ranges from 0.04% to 55% (Figure 3). Table 1. Multivariable Prediction Model for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Figure 2. Discrimination Plot (A) and Calibration Plot (B) of the Prediction Model for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Figure 3. Nomogram of the Prediction Model for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Conclusion VR E. faecalis is the leading GP uropathogen in the children less than two years of age which need notice of infection control. Our proposed prediction model for GP UTI in children could help clinicians detect potential GP uropathogen and enable them to choose adequate antibiotic regimen early. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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The Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Hospital-Acquired Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections

Critical Care Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2012/890797 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hamed Ghadiri ◽

Hamid Vaez ◽

Samira Khosravi ◽

Ebrahim Soleymani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Tract Infections

Treatment of nosocomial infections is becoming difficult due to the increasing trend of antibiotics resistance. Current knowledge on antibiotic resistance pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. We aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles in nosocomial bloodstream and urinary tract pathogens. A total of 129 blood stream and 300 urinary tract positive samples were obtained from patients referring to Besat hospital over a two-year period (2009 and 2010). Antibiotic sensitivity was ascertained using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to CLSI guidelines. Patient's data such as gender and age were recorded. The ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria in BSIs was 1.6 : 1. The most prevalent BSI pathogen was Coagulase-NegativeStaphylococci(CoNS). The highest resistance rate of CoNS was against penicillin (91.1%) followed by ampicillin (75.6%), and the lowest rate was against vancomycin (4.4%).Escherichia coliwas the most prevalent pathogen isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria was 3.2 : 1. The highest resistance rate ofE. coliisolates was against nalidixic acid (57.7%). The present study showed that CoNS andE. coliare the most common causative agents of nosocomial BSIs and UTIs, and control of infection needs to be addressed in both antibiotic prescription and general hygiene.

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Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic based dosing of ciprofloxacin in complicated urinary tract infections

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23604 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Sabo ◽

Ana Tomas ◽

Nataša Tomić ◽

Momir Mikov ◽

Olga Horvat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Effect ◽

Dosing Regimens ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Concentration Curves

<p>Ciprofloxacin is often used in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in areas with high rates of resistance to first line agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of ciprofloxacin in standard dosing regimens in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Plasma concentration curves were simulated and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and post-antibiotic effect were determined. Ciprofloxacin MIC ranged from 0.0156 for Gram-negative and to 0.125-0.5 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria. Both dosing regimens were suitable for eradication of Gram-negative bacteria, with slight supremacy of 750 mg/12 hours over 500 mg/12 hours dosing regimen. Even though all strains were fully susceptible to ciprofloxacin, pharmaco-kinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters did not meet target thresholds for pathogens with MIC over 0.1-0.2 µg/mL regardless of the administered dose. Ciprofloxacin remains an excellent choice for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, but in infection caused by Gram-positive strains, deeper analysis is necessary in order to achieve optimal results.</p><p> </p>

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Urinary Excretion and Bactericidal Activities of Gemifloxacin and Ofloxacin after a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Volunteers

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.12.3524-3530.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 3524-3530 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Christoph K. Naber ◽

Michaela Hammer ◽

Martina Kinzig-Schippers ◽

Christian Sauber ◽

Fritz Sörgel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Parent Drug ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Cumulative Excretion

ABSTRACT In a randomized crossover study, 16 volunteers (8 men, 8 women) received single oral doses of 320 mg of gemifloxacin and 400 mg of ofloxacin on two separate occasions in the fasting state to assess the urinary excretion and urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) at intervals for up to 144 h. Ofloxacin showed higher concentrations in urine compared with those of gemifloxacin. The median (range) cumulative excretion of gemifloxacin was 29.7% (8.4 to 48.7%) of the parent drug administered, and median (range) cumulative excretion of ofloxacin was 84.3% (46.5 to 95.2%) of the parent drug administered. The UBTs, i.e., the highest twofold dilutions (with antibiotic-free urine as the diluent) of urine that were still bactericidal, were determined for a reference strain and nine uropathogens for which the MICs of gemifloxacin and ofloxacin were as follows:Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 0.016 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively; Proteus mirabilis, 0.125 and 0.125 μg/ml, respectively; Escherichia coli, 0.06 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.008 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively; Enterococcus faecalis, 0.06 and 2 μg/ml, respectively;Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 and 4 μg/ml, respectively;Enterococcus faecalis, 0.5 and 32 μg/ml, respectively; and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. Generally, the UBTs for gram-positive uropathogens were higher for gemifloxacin than for ofloxacin and the UBTs for gram-negative uropathogens were higher for ofloxacin than for gemifloxacin. According to the UBTs, ofloxacin-resistant uropathogens (MICs, ≥4 mg/liter) should also be considered gemifloxacin resistant. Although clinical trials have shown that gemifloxacin is effective for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, whether an oral dosage of 320 mg of gemifloxacin once daily is also adequate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections has yet to be confirmed.

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Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Ante–Natal Clinics in Ilorin Metropolis

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/njpr.v17i1.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 119-129

Author(s):

R.H. Bello ◽

Y.K.E. Ibrahim ◽

B.O. Olayinka ◽

A.A.G. Jimoh ◽

N.B. Afolabi-Balogun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Bacteriological Method ◽

Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽

Tract Infections ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related complications.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria.Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes.Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant.Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.

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