scholarly journals The Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels and Enrichment CO2 on the Nutrient Contents of Rice Cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Open Field Condition ◽  
Ambient Co2 ◽  
Key Words Rice

An experiment was conducted during the July -December of 2003 to determine the nutrient compositions of rice under CO2 enrichment of different levels of nitrogen supply. Rice plants were grown from seedlings to maturity inside open top chamber under elevated CO2 (570 ±50) ppm, ambient CO2 (~360ppm) and open field condition. Leaves and root were analyzed for C, N, Zn and Mg. C content was higher in the all plant parts of rice grown at elevated CO2 compare than ambient CO2 and field grown rice. Increased N supplies also increase C content of the plants. Nitrogen concentration was reduced in elevated CO2 compare than other grown condition. Modern variety (BRRIdhan 39) contained higher C than local cultivars (Khaskani and Shakkorkhora). Nitrogen concentration was decreased under elevated CO2 compare to other treatments. Key words : Rice cultivars, Enrichment CO2, C, N, Zn, Mg DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3680 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 241-246, 2009   

scholarly journals Effects Of CO2 And Nitrogen Levels On Yield And Yield Attributes Of Rice Cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
ARM Soliman ◽  
A Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Open Field Condition ◽  
Ambient Co2

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during July–December of 2003 to determine the effect of rice varieties under CO2 enrichment and different levels of nitrogen supply. Plants were grown from seedling to maturity inside open top chamber under elevated CO2 (570 ±50) ppm, ambient CO2 (~360ppm) and open field condition. Cultivars responded considerably under different nitrogen levels. Increasing atmospheric CO2 directly stimulated photoynthesis and plant growth resulting in increased grain yield. Among the cultivars, BRRIdhan 39 gave the highest yield (50.82 g/plant1) at supra optimum N level and elevated CO2. Local varieties gave similar results under elevated CO2 in optimum and supra optimum N level. The lowest yield was produced by the local variety Shakkorkhora (15.09 g) under ambient CO2 with no nitrogen application. Keywords: CO2 enrichment; nitrogen level; rice cultivars DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i2.9247 BJAR 2011; 36(2): 213-221

Responses of the apple plant to CO2 enrichment: changes in photosynthesis, sorbitol, other soluble sugars, and starch

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Pan ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
B. Quebedeaux
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Apple Plant ◽  
Ambient Co2

There is no information on the effects of elevated [CO2] on whole-plant photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and other sorbitol-translocating plants. Experiments were conducted in controlled growth chambers to evaluate how increases in [CO2] affect plant photosynthesis and carbon partitioning into soluble sugars and starch in apple leaves. Apple plants (cv. Gala), 1-year-old, were exposed to [CO2] of 200, 360, 700, 1000, and 1600 µL L-1 up to 8 d. Whole-plant net photosynthetic rates were analysed daily after [CO2] treatments. Newly expanded mature leaves were sampled at 1, 2, 4, and 8 d after [CO2] treatments for sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch analysis. Midday whole-plant net photosynthetic rates increased linearly with increasing [CO2], but the differences in whole-plant photosynthesis between CO2-enrichment and ambient [CO2] treatments were less significant as apple plants acclimated to high atmospheric [CO2] for 8 d. Increases in [CO2] significantly increased sorbitol and starch, but did not affect sucrose concentrations. As a result, the ratios of starch to sorbitol and starch to sucrose at 8 d after [CO2] treatments were increased from 0.05 and 0.06 to 0.8 and 1.6 as [CO2] increased from ambient [CO2] (360 µL L-1) to 1000 µL L-1 [CO2], respectively. The sorbitol to sucrose ratio also increased from 1.3 to 2.2 as [CO2] increased from 360 to 1000 µL L-1. Elevated [CO2] enhanced the photosynthesis of apple plants and altered carbohydrate accumulation in mature leaves in favour of starch and sorbitol over sucrose.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and elevated CO2 on dry matter production and yield of rice cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MA Hamid ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growing Conditions

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the year 2003 to find out the dry matter production and yield of rice cultivars under different nitrogen levels and growing conditions. Thirty-day old single seedlings were transplanted in pot and were placed in 3 growing conditions, such as i) Open top chamber (OTC) with elevated CO2 (570 ± 50 ppm), ii) OTC with ambient CO2 (360 ± 50 ppm), and iii) open field condition. The three nitrogen levels used were, i) control, ii) optimum dose, and iii) supra optimum dose. Three rice cultivars used in the experiment were, i) BRRI dhan 39, ii) Khashkani, and iii) Shakkarkhora. Rice yield and dry matter production respond significantly to different environments. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increased grain yield. Stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf sheath dry weight and root dry weight were increased in elevated CO2 than ambient CO2 and field condition. BRRI dhan 39 gave highest yield (50.82 g/plant) at supra optimum N level in elevated CO2. Local variety gave similar result under elevated CO2 in optimum and supra optimum N levels. The lowest yield (15.09 g/plant) was produced by Shakkorkhora in field condition with no nitrogen application. Key Words: Nitrogen; elevated CO2; yield; dry matter.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5804Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 313-322, June 2009

scholarly journals Why is plant-growth response to elevated CO2 amplified when water is limiting, but reduced when nitrogen is limiting? A growth-optimisation hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. McMurtrie ◽  
Richard J. Norby ◽  
Belinda E. Medlyn ◽  
Roderick C. Dewar ◽  
David A. Pepper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Leaf N

Experimental evidence indicates that the stomatal conductance and nitrogen concentration ([N]) of foliage decline under CO2 enrichment, and that the percentage growth response to elevated CO2 is amplified under water limitation, but reduced under nitrogen limitation. We advance simple explanations for these responses based on an optimisation hypothesis applied to a simple model of the annual carbon–nitrogen–water economy of trees growing at a CO2-enrichment experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. The model is shown to have an optimum for leaf [N], stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI), where annual plant productivity is maximised. The optimisation is represented in terms of a trade-off between LAI and stomatal conductance, constrained by water supply, and between LAI and leaf [N], constrained by N supply. At elevated CO2 the optimum shifts to reduced stomatal conductance and leaf [N] and enhanced LAI. The model is applied to years with contrasting rainfall and N uptake. The predicted growth response to elevated CO2 is greatest in a dry, high-N year and is reduced in a wet, low-N year. The underlying physiological explanation for this contrast in the effects of water versus nitrogen limitation is that leaf photosynthesis is more sensitive to CO2 concentration ([CO2]) at lower stomatal conductance and is less sensitive to [CO2] at lower leaf [N].

scholarly journals Soil-atmosphere exchange of CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in the Colorado Shortgrass Steppe following five years of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and N fertilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2691-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mosier ◽  
P. Pendall ◽  
J. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ambient Co2

Abstract. An open-top-chamber (OTC) CO2 enrichment study was conducted in the Colorado shortgrass steppe to determine the effect of elevated CO2 (~720 mmol mol−1) on plant production, photosynthesis, and water use of this mixed C3/C4 plant community, soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycling and the impact of changes induced by \\CO2 on trace gas exchange. Weekly measurements of CO2, CH4, NOx and N2O fluxes within control (unchambered), ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 OTCs and soil water and temperature were measured at each flux measurement time from early April 1997, year round, through October 2001. Even though both aboveground plant biomass increased under elevated CO2 and soil moisture content was typically higher than under ambient CO2 conditions, none of the trace gas fluxes were significantly altered by CO2 enrichment over the 55 month period of observation. During early summer of 2002, following the removal of the open-top-chambers from the CO2 enrichment sites in October, we conducted a short term study to determine if soil microbial processes were altered in soils that had been exposed to double ambient CO2 concentrations during the growing season for the past five years. Microplots were established within each experimental site and 10 mm of water or 10 mm of water containing the equivalent of 10 g m−2 of ammonium nitrate-N was applied to the soil surface. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, NOx and N2O fluxes within control (unchambered), ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 OTCs soils at one to three day intervals for the next month. With water addition alone, CO2 and NO emission did not differ between ambient and elevated CO2 soils, while CH4 uptake rates were higher and N2O fluxes lower in elevated CO2 soils. Adding water and mineral N resulted in increased CO2 emissions, increased CH4 uptake and decreased NO emissions in elevated CO2 soils. The N addition study confirmed previous observations that soil respiration is enhanced under elevated CO2 and N immobilization is increased, thereby decreasing NO emission.

Characterization of diurnal photosynthetic rhythms in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum grown in synchronous culture under ambient and elevated CO2

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Kunshan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content ◽  
Ambient Co2

Photosynthetic performance was examined in Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve. under 12 : 12-h light : dark (LD) cycle at ambient CO2 (350 μL L–1) and elevated CO2 (1000 μL L–1). At ambient CO2, the cellular chlorophyll a content, the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pm), the initial slope of the light saturation curves (α), the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv / Fm), the apparent carboxylating efficiency (ACE) and the photosynthetic affinity for CO2 [1 / Km(CO2)] all showed rhythmical changes with different amplitudes during the light period. The Pm had similar changing pattern in the light period with the ACE and 1 / Km(CO2) rather than with the α and Fv / Fm, indicating that rhythmical changes of photosynthetic capacity may be mainly controlled by the activity of C-reduction associated with CO2 uptake during the light period. The CO2 enrichment reduced the ACE and the affinity to CO2, and increased the α, cellular chlorophyll a content and Pm based on cell number. By contrast, the changing patterns of all photosynthetic parameters examined here during the light period had almost the same for cells grown at ambient CO2 and elevated CO2, suggesting that the photosynthetic rhythms of S. costatum are not affected by CO2 enrichment.

scholarly journals Effect of water addition and nitrogen fertilization on the fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O following five years of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in the Colorado Shortgrass Steppe

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1703-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mosier ◽  
E. Pendall ◽  
J. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ambient Co2

Abstract. An open-top-chamber (OTC) CO2 enrichment (~720 mmol mol-1) study was conducted in the Colorado shortgrass steppe from April 1997 through October 2001. Aboveground plant biomass increased under elevated CO2 and soil moisture content was typically higher than under ambient CO2 conditions. Fluxes of CH4, CO2, NOx and N2O, measured weekly year round were not significantly altered by CO2 enrichment over the 55 month period of observation. During early summer of 2002, following the removal of the open-top-chambers from the CO2 enrichment sites in October 2001, we conducted a short term study to determine if soil microbial processes were altered in soils that had been exposed to double ambient CO2 concentrations during the growing season for the past five years. Microplots were established within each experimental site and 10 mm of water or 10 mm of water containing the equivalent of 10 g m-2 of ammonium nitrate-N was applied to the soil surface. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, NOx and N2O fluxes within control (unchambered), ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 OTC soils were measured at one to three day intervals for the next month. With water addition alone, CO2 and NO emission did not differ between ambient and elevated CO2 soils, while CH4 uptake rates were higher and N2O fluxes lower in elevated CO2 soils. Adding water and mineral N resulted in increased CO2 emissions, increased CH4 uptake and decreased NO emissions in elevated CO2 soils. The N addition study confirmed previous observations that soil respiration is enhanced under elevated CO2 and N immobilization is increased, thereby decreasing NO emission.

Sink Strength May Be the Key to Growth and Nitrogen Responses in N-Deficient Wheat at Elevated CO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Rogers ◽  
PJ Milham ◽  
M Gillings ◽  
JP Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Ambient Co2 ◽  
Leaf N

The influence of elevated CO2 (350, 550 and 900 μL L-1) and N supplies ranging from deficient to excess (0-133 mg N kg-1 soil week-1) on the leaf N concentration and shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivar Hartog, was investigated. Shoot growth was 30 % greater at 550 μL L-1 compared to ambient CO2 at all levels of N supply. When the CO2 concentration was increased to 900 μL L-1, there was no increase in shoot growth at low N supply but it more than doubled at high N supply (67 mg N kg-1 soil week-1). Growth effects were closely matched by changes in sink development, suggesting that sink strength, mediated through N supply controlled the shoot growth response to elevated CO2. The shoot N concentration was lower at each level of CO2 enrichment and the greatest effect (30% reduction) occurred at 900 μL CO2 L-1, 33 mg N kg-1 soil week-1. The effect of high CO2 on shoot N concentration diminished as N supply increased and, at the highest N addition rate, there was only a 7% reduction. Changes in foliar N concentration due to CO2 enrichment were closely correlated with lower soluble protein concentration, accounting for 58 % of the total leaf N reduction. Ribulose- IS-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) levels were also reduced at high CO2 and N was allocated away from Rubisco and into other soluble proteins at high CO2 when N supply was low. Non- structural carbohydrate concentration (dry weight basis) was greatest at 900 μL CO2 L-1 and low N supply and may have reduced Rubisco concentration via a feed-back response. Critical foliar N concentrations (N concentration at 90 % of maximum shoot growth) were reduced from 43 mg g-1 at ambient CO2 to 39 and 38 mg g-1 at 550 and 900 μL CO2 L-1, respectively. Elevated CO2, at N supplies of 0-17 mg N kg-1 soil week-1, reduced flour protein concentration by 9-13 %.

scholarly journals Daily changes of amino acids in soybean leaflets are modified by CO2 enrichment

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Charles Sicher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Single Seeds ◽  
Ambient Co2

The effects of CO2 enrichment on plant growth and on nitrogen partitioning were examined using soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Clark] leaflets. Plants were grown from single seeds in matching controlled environment chambers. Continuous ambient CO2 partial pressures were from 38 to 40 Pa and elevated CO2 treatments were 68 to 70 Pa. Total above ground biomass, total leaf area and specific leaf weight of soybean were increased 78%, 58% and 33%, respectively, in response to CO2 enrichment when measured 25 days after sowing. Total chlorophyll (a+b) was 25% greater in third trifoliolate soybean leaflets in response to CO2 enrichment but total soluble protein did not differ between treatments. These and other measurements indicated that soybean plants were nitrogen sufficient in this study. Variations of total soluble amino acids were observed in soybean leaflets and these were enhanced by CO2 enrichment when measurements were performed mid-day. However, concentrations of total amino acids were similar in both CO2 treatments by end of the photoperiod. Glycine was lower in the elevated compared to the ambient CO2 treatment suggesting that rates of photorespiration were diminished by elevated CO2. Alanine increased 20% in response to CO2 enrichment. Overall, changes of soluble amino acids in response to CO2 enrichment were smaller than in other crop species and a temporal shift occurred in the daily accumulation of amino acids in soybean leaflets.

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