Study on Synthesis of Preservative Benzyl Methyl Fumarate

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1970-1973
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Zi Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

Using maleic anhydride, benzyl alcohol and methanol as raw materials, a new preservative benzyl methyl fumarate containing α, β-unsaturated carbonyl structure was prepared. Based on the single factor experiment, the results of orthogonal test showed that the optimal conditions for the reaction was 4 h time, temperature at 65 °C, and with molar ratio of fumarate acid to methanol at 1:5. The production rate was 65.53%.

Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Essential Oil from Latifolia miq Roots and Stems with Supercritical CO2 Fluid

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4512-4516
Author(s):  
Ren Yong Gu ◽  
Zhi Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Optimum Extraction Condition

Studying on the extraction process of essential oil from Latifolia Miq roots and stems by Supercritical CO2 extraction. The effects on extracting ratio were investigated by using single factor test, adding content of grinding fineness of raw materials,extracting temperature, extracting pressure and extracting time. The optimum extraction condition was determined by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum condition of the extraction was as follows: grinding fineness 90 mesh, extracting temperature 45 °C, extracting pressure 20 MPa and extracting time 2.5 h.

scholarly journals Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
AA Rana ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
M Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Suggested Model

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored   experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction   temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model   was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw-   0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol)   and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values   did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012

Experimental Study on Sugarcane Top Chopper

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Jiwei Hu ◽  
Shaochun Ma ◽  
Shili Gao ◽  
Jing Bai ◽  
Fenglei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
List Type ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Working Performance ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

HighlightsThis article focuses on the sugarcane top chopper.The influence of three factors on the experimental indexes was studied.The optimal parameters combination of working performance was obtained.Abstract. In the process of sugarcane harvesting, sugarcane tops are cut off by the chopper and directly thrown into the field. A small percentage of sugarcane tops are picked and collected to feed livestock. Therefore, it is meaningful to develop an effective sugarcane top chopper which is used to harvest sugarcane tops before harvesting sugarcane stalk harvesting. In this study, a sugarcane top chopping platform was fabricated to investigate critical parameters such as chopping speed (CS), top feeding speed (FS), and cutting drum gap (DG) on the machine performance. In evaluating the sugarcane top chopper, three single factor experiment and one orthogonal experiment were carried out. The single factor test was used to examine the effect of CS, FS and DG on the chopping performance of the machine. According to orthogonal test, the comprehensive influence order was determined: cutting drum gap > chopping speed > top feeding speed. The optimal parameters combination for good working performance of the machine was obtained: chopping speed was 750 rpm, top feeding speed was 1.2 m·s-1, and cutting drum gap was 20 mm. The relationships between the chopping performance and the three critical factors were examined and analyzed to provide theoretical basis for the development of a sugarcane top chopper. Keywords: Chopping performance, Orthogonal test, Single factor test, Sugarcane top chopper, Variance analysis.

Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Crosslinked Starch Microspheres (CSM)

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 702-705
Author(s):  
Cong Jian Li ◽  
Qin Tie Lin ◽  
Qian Jun Liu ◽  
Han Ping Pan ◽  
Ru Ting Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The Cross

Starch as the material, MBAA as the cross-linking agent, Tween60 and Span60 as the emulsifier, K2S2O8-Na2SO4 as the initiator, the cyclohexane as the oil phase and the removal rate of methyl violet as an index, crosslinked starch microspheres (CSM) was synthetized by means of reverse suspension emulsion and graft-copolymerization method through orthogonal test and single factor optimization experiment. The results showed the optimal conditions of the preparation of the crosslinked starch microspheres(CSM) were as follow: the concentration of the starch is 5%, the dosage of the MBAA, initiator and emulsifier are 0.125g, 0.5g and 0.6g, the volume ratios between the Span60 and Tween60 is 85:15, and the volume ratio between the cyclohexane and water is 4:1.

Optimization of Decolorization Technology of Polysaccharides from Lethariella spp. with Activated Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1226-1230
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Qing Song Yang ◽  
Bai Juan Wang ◽  
Chao Xiang ◽  
Ru Yan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Decolorization Rate ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

An effective method for decolorization of the polysaccharides from Lethariella spp. was studied. Decolorization rate was used as an indicator in the experiment, single factor text and orthogonal experiment was used to get the optimal conditions, the single factor experiment was carried out with temperature at 35°C, 45°C, 55°C, 65°C, and 75°C, the activated carbon added at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%, and time at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30min, respectively. The optimal conditions of Lethariella spp. clarification using activated carbon were carried out to get the optimal conditions (the temperature at 55°C, the activated carbon added at 1%, and time was 25 min, and the decolorization rate could reach 57.56 %).

Study on the Optimization of the Autolytic Conditions of Grifola frondosa Fermented Mycelium

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Ze Ping Xu ◽  
Chuan Lun Yang ◽  
Xin Qing Zhang ◽  
Xiu Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Grifola Frondosa ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

This Liquid submerged fermentation method was applied to culture the Grifola frondosa mycelium and the effects of temperature, pH and inorganic salts on the autolysis of fresh Grifola frondosa mycelium were examined. The single-factor experiment and orthogonal design were used to optimize the autolytic conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the mycelium autolysis were 50°C, pH5.0, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.1% CaCO3. This research provides the basis for further investigation of the Grifola frondosa mycelium autolysis mechanism.

Synthesis and Clay Anti-Swelling Properties of Diethyl Dodecyl Allyl Ammonium Chloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Yu Liang Ma ◽  
Rui Jie Xie ◽  
Huan Zheng ◽  
Chan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Allyl Chloride ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
Expansion Mechanism ◽  
Ft Ir

In order to protect the oil&gas reservoirs, a surfactant vinyl cationic clay (Na-MMT) anti-swelling agent diethyl dodecyl allyl ammonium chloride (DDAAC) was prepared from diethylamine, chlorododecane and allyl chloride as raw materials. The single-factor orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal synthesis scheme for DDAAC: reaction temperature 40 °C; reaction time 4 h; pH= 9; n (diethylamine): n(chlorododecane): n(allyl chloride) = 1.1:1.0:1.8. The experimental results showed that the anti-expansion rate of 0.5wt% DDAAC can reach to 78.31%. FT-IR were utilized to study its anti-expansion mechanism, and FT-IR showed that physicochemical adsorption between DDAAC and Na-MMT occurs.

scholarly journals Study of Solid Calcium Diglyceroxide for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using a High Speed Homogenizer

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Li-Wen Chang ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
High Boiling Point ◽  
Operational Factors ◽  
The Cost

Biodiesel has been one of the potential candidates in the field of renewable energy due to its biodegradability and non-toxicity in the natural environment. In addition, due to its high boiling point, the transportation of biodiesel is much safer than that of conventional fuel. However, the cost remains a challenge for the development of biodiesel. In this study, a homogenizer system, which can intensively minimize raw materials, is utilized as an effective approach to assist the production of both the calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG) catalyst and biodiesel. Several operational factors were evaluated to obtain the optimal conditions, and a desirable biodiesel conversion of 77.24% was achieved at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 7, with 2.0 g of calcium diglyceroxide, a rotation speed of 7000 rpm, a reaction temperature of 65 °C and a reaction period of 90 min.

The Study of Bleaching Silk Sanitary Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Wu Wen Wang ◽  
Ji Hong Lao ◽  
Ya Qin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Silicate Concentration ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

The silk Sanitary Materials in hydrogen peroxide bleaching process, various experimental factors affect on the raw materials’ whiteness and tension. And through the single factor experiments and orthogonal test research and analysis, the significant influencing order of the whiteness of silk fiber is: temperature, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and bleaching time; the significant influencing order of breaking tension is: bleaching time, temperature, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The optimum experimental program is as follows: hydrogen peroxide concentration of 22.5g / L, bleaching temperature of 80 °C, bleaching time, 60min, PH value of 9, sodium silicate concentration of 11.25g / L.

Preparation and Optimization of Potato Cookies

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1223-1226
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Liu ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Golden Color ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

The purpose of this work was to optimize the technology of potato cookies. Potato, wheat flour, sugar, butter were used as the main raw materials in this experiment. By single factor experiment to determine the influence of the main factors on cookie, and through orthogonal experimental analysis that the best formula was obtained: addition of sugar 28%, ratio of wheat flour and potato flour 8:2 and butter 20%. Experimental results showed that potato cookies took on beautiful appearance, golden color, light flavor with potato and rich sweetness flavor, which was a kind of better nutrition structures and health care cookies.

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