scholarly journals Plant community composition in relation to soil physico-chemical properties of the Ratargul swamp forest, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zabed Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Ashraful Alam Khan ◽  
Md Abul Kashem ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Growth Variability

Vegetation composition in relation to soil physical and chemical properties of the Ratargul Swamp Forest was examined in the present study. Vegetation data were collected from 10 different sites by placing quadrats (10 m × 10 m) randomly at a distance of 500 m from each other in the forest area. Soil samples were collected from the centre of the quadrat. Plant species richness and the Shannon Diversity Index (H?) ranged from 3 to 7 and from 0.150 to 1.184 respectively, per quadrat. Among the tree species, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr. showed the highest important value index (IVI) value (15.62) indicating the dominance of the species in the forest. Among the shrubs, Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep. showed the highest IVI value (36.25) and Phyllanthus disticha showed the lowest (2.2). Of the herbs, Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. showed the highest (92.44) and Asparagus racemosus L. showed the lowest (2.2) IVI values. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of P. pinnata (L.) Merr. varied largely from 29.26 to 169.77 cm indicating its growth variability from site to site in the forest. Soil pH, electric conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus also showed a large range of variation in the study area. Redundancy Discriminant Analysis showed that soil moisture, conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with plant species data. Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham and Mucuna zygantea DC. correlated with soil organic carbon and moisture content. On the other hand, S. dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep. showed significant correlation with soil conductivity. Results, thus, indicate that vegetation composition is related with soil properties in the Ratargul Swamp Forest.Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 1-8, 2016

scholarly journals Properties of degraded and reclaimed soils in the area of the abandoned “Jeziórko” sulfur mine (Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Knap ◽  
Janina Kaniuczak ◽  
Edmund Hajduk ◽  
Adam Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Reclaimed Soil ◽  
Reclaimed Soils

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine some physicochemical and chemical properties of post-mining soils reclaimed in different directions, after completed sulfur exploitation by means of the borehole (Frash) method. The study was conducted in 2013 in the former Sulfur Mine „Jeziórko” located on the Tarnobrzeg Plain between Tarnobrzeg and Stalowa Wola cities (Podkarpackie Voivodeship, south Poland). It covered an area of land reclaimed as the arable or forest land. The most important problems connected with sulfur exploitation was the occurrence of a layer of solid sulfur which was previously removed. During the reclamation process, embankments and excavations were leveled through replenishing large amounts of ground, post-flotation lime, mineral fertilizers, and sewage sludge. Moreover, studies upon degraded and non-reclaimed area (by 2013) were also carried out. Examined land was characterized by granulometric composition of sands, loamy sands, and sandy loams. Re-leveling of degraded land using post-flotation lime contributed to lower levels of acidification of reclaimed soil surface. The highest contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in the surface layers of the soils studied. Content of available potassium ranged from very low to average. The soils were characterized by a high content of available magnesium in the surface layers of the profiles (maximum 71.8 mg·kg−1 in soil reclaimed as forest land), while below the Mg content was usually low. Contents of individual exchangeable cations could be lined up in a following decreasing sequence: Ca2+>Na+>K+>Mg2+ Referring to the topsoil, reclaimed soils were characterized by more favorable properties (pH close to neutral, lower acidity, higher sorption capacity, higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium concentrations) as compared to non-reclaimed soil.

scholarly journals Composition And Diversity Of Plant Species In The Two Types Of Land Cover Of Natural Laboratory Of Hampangen Educational Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Sosilawaty Sosilawaty ◽  
Belinda Hastari ◽  
Ricardo Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Land Cover Type ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Index Value

Forests are natural resources that contribute to sustaining life support systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and diversity of plant species in the Hampangen Educational Forest Nature Laboratory with the object of research on plant species diversity at growth rates of seedlings, poles, saplings, and trees in the observation plots of secondary swamp forest and swamp scrub. The research was conducted using a combination technique of paths and checkered lines in each of the 30 measurement plots in the two types of observation land. The results showed 52 types of plants found in all types of research land—a total of 42 species in secondary swamp forest and 26 species in scrublands. The types of plants that occupy the highest IVI at all growth levels are Akasia, Jambu-jambu, and Meranti. The Diversity Index of plant species in the study area on both land types was classified as moderate, namely in the range 1,871 - 2,968. The evenness index value (E) of plants in the land cover type of secondary swamp forest and swamp scrub was classified as high in the range of 0.753 - 0.849. The Species Richness Index (R) value of the secondary swamp forest land cover type is classified as high, whereas the swamp scrub land cover type is classified as low, while the average species similarity index in the two land cover types is low.

Corrigenda - The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
PP Cavanagh ◽  
AJ Koppi ◽  
AB Mcbratney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
PP Cavanagh ◽  
AJ Koppi ◽  
AB Mcbratney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

Effects of biotic and abiotic indices on soil water content in a decade-long grassland biodiversity experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Fischer ◽  
Sophia Leimer ◽  
Christiane Roscher ◽  
Janneke Ravenek ◽  
Hans de Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness

<p>Soil moisture is the dynamic link between climate, soil and vegetation and the dynamics and variation are affected by several often interrelated factors such as soil texture, soil structural parameters (soil organic carbon) and vegetation parameters (e.g. belowground- and aboveground biomass). For the characterization of soil moisture, including its variability and the resulting water and matter fluxes, the knowledge of the relative importance of these factors is of major challenge. Because of the spatial heterogeneity of its drivers soil moisture varies strongly over time and space. Our objective was to assess the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture and factors which could explain that variability, like soil properties and vegetation cover, in in a long term biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment).</p><p>The Jena Experiment consist 86 plots on which plant species richness (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 60) and functional groups (legumes, grasses, tall herbs, and small herbs) were manipulated in a factorial design Soil moisture measurements were performed weekly April to September 2003-2005 and 2008-2013 in 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 m soil depth using Delta T theta probe.</p><p>The analysis showed that both plant species richness and the presence of particular functional groups affected soil water content, while functional group richness per se played no role. Plots containing grasses was consistently drier than average at the soil surface in all observed years while plots containing legumes comparatively moister, but only up to the year 2008.</p><p>Interestingly, plant species richness led to moister than average subsoil at the beginning of the experiment (2003 and 2004), which changed to lower than average up to the year 2010 in all depths.Shortly after establishment, increased topsoil water content was related to higher leaf area index in species‐rich plots, which enhanced shading. In later years, higher species richness increased topsoil organic carbon, likely improving soil aggregation. Improved aggregation, in turn, dried topsoils in species‐rich plots due to faster drainage of rainwater.</p><p>Our decade‐long experiment shows that besides abiotic factors like texture, soil water patterns are consistently affected by biotic factors such as species diversity and plant functional types, but also properties that originate from biotic-abiotic interactions such as soil structure. Especially the effect of plant species richness propagated to deeper soil layers 8 years after the establishment of the experiment, and while originally caused by shading it was later related to altered soil physical characteristics in addition to modification of water uptake depth. Functional groups affected soil water distribution, likely due to plant traits affecting root water uptake depths, shading, or water‐use efficiency. Our results highlight the role of vegetation composition for soil processes and emphasize the need for long-term experiments to discover diversity effects in slow reacting systems like soil.</p>

scholarly journals Vegetation influences soil properties along riparian zones of the Beijiang River in Southern China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9699
Author(s):  
Qinghe Zhao ◽  
Shengyan Ding ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Shuoqian Wang ◽  
Yaru Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Beijiang River ◽  
Riparian Soils

Riparian soils and vegetation are important factors influencing the biodiversity and biogeochemical processes of river ecosystems. Riparian soils and vegetation form the foundation for multiple ecosystem services provided by river ecosystems. However, it remains poorly understood how riparian soils and vegetation interact with one another to maintain these services. In this study, we sampled four common types of riparian vegetation associated with the Beijiang River in South China. These included forestland, bamboo forest, mixed forest, and grassland ecosystems. Specifically, we analyzed the spatial distribution of riparian soils and their response to environmental factors (i.e., coverage and height of trees, shrubs and grass, distance to river, and altitude). Our results indicate that soil properties in riparian zones were affected significantly by vegetation type. In particular, clay content, soil organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen content were significantly correlated with vegetation type. In contrast, changes in soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus content were not associated with vegetation type. Moreover, soil physical and chemical properties interacted with one an other, as well as with vegetation characteristics. This was indicated by the significant correlation observed between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soil texture, with structural characteristics of the four vegetation types. We also found that height and cover of trees and shrubs were significantly correlated with soil chemical properties. However, the effects of topographic variables such as altitude and distance to river were not significant. Results from this study can thus provide a basis for the ecological restoration and land management of degraded iparian zones.

scholarly journals Vegetation composition in gold post-mining land of PT. Sultra Utama Nickel, Bombana District

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
F D Tuheteru ◽  
Husna ◽  
Basrudin ◽  
A Arif ◽  
Albasri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia

Abstract This study aimed to determine vegetation composition in the gold post-mining land of PT Sultra Utama Nickel in Bombana District. The method used in this research was the plotted path method by placing transects in accordance with purposive sampling technique. Transects were arranged systematically with a between-transects distance of 50 m The number of transects arranged were 18 transects with 3 plots each with size of each plot was 2 x 2 m, resulted in a total plot of 54 plots. Plant identification results showed that plant species found in the study area were 19 families, 30 genera, 34 species and 4 habitat. Results of vegetation analysis showed that of the 34 plant species found in the research location, plant species with the highest IVI value of 34.54% was Imperata cylindrica. The lowest IVI of 0.54% were found for Lygodium sp., Glochidion sp., Seleria levis Retz, Scoparia dulcis L., Sida rhombifolia L and Solanum torvum. The diversity index was 2.59, indicating moderate abundance category.

scholarly journals Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stock as Affected by Agricultural Wastes in a Typic Haplusult of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Stanley Uchenna Onwudike ◽  
Bethel Ugochukwu Uzoho ◽  
Bernadine Ngozi Ndukwu ◽  
Innocent Uzoma Opara ◽  
Ojinere Clitton Anyamele
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Stock ◽  
Poultry Droppings

We evaluated the effect of saw dust ash (SDA) and poultry droppings (PD) on soil physico-chemical properties, soil carbon and nitrogen stock and their effects on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoshus esculentus) on a typic haplusult in Owerri, Imo State Southeastern Nigeria. The experiment was a factorial experiment consisted of saw dust ash applied at the rates of 0, 5 and 10 t/ha and poultry droppings applied at the rates of 0, 5 and 10 t/ha. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Results showed that plots amended with 10 t/ha PD + 10 t/ha SDA significantly reduced soil bulk density from 1.37 – 1.07 g/cm3, increased soil total porosity from 48.4 – 59.7% and the percentage of soil weight that is water (soil gravimetric moisture content) was increased by 68.4%. There were significant improvements on soil chemical properties with plots amended with 10 t/ha PD + 10 t/ha SDA recording the highest values on soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and exchangeable bases. Plots amended with 10 t/ha PD + 10 t/ha SDA significantly increased soil carbon stock by 24% and soil nitrogen stock by 49.5% more than other treatments. There was significant increase in the growth of okra when compared to the un-amended soil with application of 10 t/ha PD + 10 t/ha SDA increasing the fresh okra pod yield by 78.5%. Significant positive correlation existed between SCS and organic carbon (r = 0.6128), exchangeable Mg (r= 0.5035), total nitrogen (r = 0.6167) and soil pH (r = 0.5221). SNS correlated positively with organic carbon (r = 0.5834), total nitrogen (r= 0.6101) and soil pH (r = 5150). Therefore applications of these agro-wastes are effective in improving soil properties, increasing soil carbon and nitrogen stock. From the results of the work, application of 10 t/ha PD + 10 t/ha SDA which was the treatment combination that improved soil properties and growth performances of okra than other treatments studied is hereby recommended for soil carbon and nitrogen stock improvement and okra production in the region.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Land Use Types Managed By Smallholder Farmers on Soil Properties in Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Haile ◽  
Mulugeta Lemenih ◽  
Fisseha Itanna ◽  
Beyene Teklu ◽  
Getachew Agegnehu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Background Aim: Land use change causes a remarkable change in soil properties. The nature of change depends on multiple factors such as soil type, type and intensity of land use, climate, and the like. This study investigated the variation in soil physicochemical properties across five common land use practices i.e., enset system, farmland, and grazing-land (closed and open), and Eucalyptus woodlots practiced on originally same soil type and comparable topographic and climatic settings.Methods: A total of 105 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples [5 treatments (land use types) *7 replications (household)* 3 soil depth layers: 0–15cm, 15–30 cm, 30–45cm] were collected for selected soil chemical and physical analyses. Standard soil analytical procedures were followed in carrying out soil analysis. To meet the assumptions of normal distribution and homogeneity of variances, soil data on available phosphors were log-transformed before statistical analysis was undertaken and reported after back transformation. Two way analysis of variable were used to investigate the effects of land use and soil depth and their interaction on soil properties and when the analysis showed a significant difference (p <0.05) among land use and soil depth men separation were made using Turkey’s pairwise comparisons.Results: There were significant differences in physical and chemical properties of soil across land use and soil depth categories. Enset system had significantly higher pH, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K+), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) and their stocks than other land use types. Enset fields had higher SOC (78.4%) and soil TN (75%), and SOC and TN stocks of (66%) and (58%), respectively than cereal farmland. This study had also revealed a less expected finding of higher soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under Eucalyptus wood than farm land. Soil carbon and total nitrogen stocks showed a decreasing trend of enset system> closed grazing-land > eucalyptus woodlot > open grazing-land > farmland 0-45cm.Conclusion: Overall, some land use systems (e. g. enset agroforestry) improve the soil biophysical and chemical properties, while others such as cereal production degrade the soil. Hence appropriate land and soil management intervention should be promptly adapted to mitigating the continuous loss of nutrient from the dominantly practiced cereal farm land through maintaining crop residues, manure, crop rotation and scaling up agro-forestry system.

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