Breast Ultrasound Elastography is the Most Mature and Well-documented Method for the Measurement of Tissue Stiffness: A Review

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of death in females worldwide. North America has one of the highest incidence breast cancer rates in the world, making breast cancer awareness a high priority. Only in the USA, 527 women are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer while 110 women will die of it per day. Central to the importance of breast cancer diagnosis is the fact that almost one-third of the latter group could survive if their cancer is detected and treated early. In a worldwide context, this translates into nearly 400,000 lives that could be saved every year as a result of early detection. As such; developing technique that can help to detect and diagnose breast cancer at early stage can have a great impact on survival and quality of life of breast cancer patients. Conventional breast cancer screening and detection techniques such as clinical breast examination and X- ray mammography are known to have low sensitivity. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive modality for breast cancer detection, however, MRI is costly and has been shown to have low specificity for breast cancer diagnosis. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI has been demonstrated to provide a good sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of benign versus malignant lesions, due to altered angiogenesis mechanisms in tumors. However, in addition to being costly, requires injection of exogenous contrast agents to provide such contrast. An alternate imaging technique for breast cancer detection employs tissue stiffness as contrast mechanism. The technique is founded on the fact that alterations in breast tissue stiffness are frequently associated with pathology. Ultrasound elastography is the most mature and well-documented method for the measurement of tissue stiffness. Elastographybased imaging technique has received substantial attention in recent years for non-invasive assessment of tissue mechanical properties. These techniques take advantage of changed soft tissue elasticity in various pathologies to yield qualitative and quantitative information that can be used for diagnostic purpose. Measurements are acquired in specialized imaging modes that can detect tissue stiffness in response to an applied mechanical force. Ultrasoundbased methods are of particular interest due to its many inherent advantages, such as wide availability including at the bedside and relatively low cost. While ultrasound elastography has shown promising results for non-invasive assessment of breast stiffness is emerging. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):42-44

Download Full-text

Breast Cancer Detection Using Infrared Thermal Imaging and a Deep Learning Model

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18092799 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 2799 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Sebastien Mambou ◽

Petra Maresova ◽

Ondrej Krejcar ◽

Ali Selamat ◽

Kamil Kuca

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Infrared Image ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Thermal Activity ◽

Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽

Detection Techniques

Women’s breasts are susceptible to developing cancer; this is supported by a recent study from 2016 showing that 2.8 million women worldwide had already been diagnosed with breast cancer that year. The medical care of a patient with breast cancer is costly and, given the cost and value of the preservation of the health of the citizen, the prevention of breast cancer has become a priority in public health. Over the past 20 years several techniques have been proposed for this purpose, such as mammography, which is frequently used for breast cancer diagnosis. However, false positives of mammography can occur in which the patient is diagnosed positive by another technique. Additionally, the potential side effects of using mammography may encourage patients and physicians to look for other diagnostic techniques. Our review of the literature first explored infrared digital imaging, which assumes that a basic thermal comparison between a healthy breast and a breast with cancer always shows an increase in thermal activity in the precancerous tissues and the areas surrounding developing breast cancer. Furthermore, through our research, we realized that a Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD) undertaken through infrared image processing could not be achieved without a model such as the well-known hemispheric model. The novel contribution of this paper is the production of a comparative study of several breast cancer detection techniques using powerful computer vision techniques and deep learning models.

Download Full-text

Compact Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Breast Cancer Detection

Defence Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dsj.71.16704 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (03) ◽

pp. 352-358

Author(s):

Rakesh Singh ◽

Naina Narang ◽

Dharmendra Singh ◽

Manoj Gupta

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Detection System ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Compact Antenna ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Impedance Contrast ◽

Breast Phantom ◽

Safety Limit

The current breast cancer detection techniques are mostly invasive and suffer from high cost, high false rate and inefficacy in early detection. These limitations can be subdued by development of non-invasive microwave detection system whose performance is predominantly dependent on the antenna used in the system. The designing of a compact wideband antenna and matching its impedance with breast phantom is a challenging task. In this paper, we have designed a compact antenna matched with the breast phantom operating in wideband frequency from 1 to 6 GHz capable to detect the dielectric (or impedance) contrast of the benign and malignant tissue. The impedance of the antenna is matched to a cubically shaped breast phantom and a very small tumor (volume=1 cm3). The antenna is tuned to the possible range of electrical properties of breast phantom and tumour (permittivity ranging from 10 to 20 and conductivity from 1.5 to 2.5 S/m). The return loss (S11), E-field distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) are simulated. The operating band of antenna placed near the phantom without tumor was found to be (1.11-5.47)GHz and with tumor inside phantom is (1.29-5.50)GHz. Results also show that the SAR of the antenna is within the safety limit.

Download Full-text

Review for "Discovery of novel DNA methylation biomarkers for non‐invasive sporadic breast cancer detection in the Latino population"

10.1002/1878-0261.12842/v1/review3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wim Vanden Berghe

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Sporadic Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Latino Population ◽

Non Invasive

Download Full-text

Review for "Discovery of novel DNA methylation biomarkers for non‐invasive sporadic breast cancer detection in the Latino population"

10.1002/1878-0261.12842/v2/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Sporadic Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Latino Population ◽

Non Invasive

Download Full-text

Advanced and futuristic approaches for breast cancer diagnosis

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00113-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jayanti Mishra ◽

Bhumika Kumar ◽

Monika Targhotra ◽

P. K. Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Main Body ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Common Causes ◽

Delay In Treatment

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and one of the most common causes of death in women, impacting almost 2 million women each year. Tenacity or perseverance of breast cancer in women is very high these days with an extensive increasing rate of 3 to 5% every year. Along with hurdles faced during treatment of breast tumor, one of the crucial causes of delay in treatment is invasive and poor diagnostic techniques for breast cancer hence the early diagnosis of breast tumors will help us to improve its management and treatment in the initial stage. Main body Present review aims to explore diagnostic techniques for breast cancer that are currently being used, recent advancements that aids in prior detection and evaluation and are extensively focused on techniques that are going to be future of breast cancer detection with better efficiency and lesser pain to patients so that it helps to a physician to prevent delay in treatment of cancer. Here, we have discussed mammography and its advanced forms that are the need of current era, techniques involving radiation such as radionuclide methods, the potential of nanotechnology by using nanoparticle in breast cancer, and how the new inventions such as breath biopsy, and X-ray diffraction of hair can simply use as a prominent method in breast cancer early and easy detection tool. Conclusion It is observed significantly that advancement in detection techniques is helping in early diagnosis of breast cancer; however, we have to also focus on techniques that will improve the future of cancer diagnosis in like optical imaging and HER2 testing.

Download Full-text

Review of Microwaves Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20082390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 2390 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maged A. Aldhaeebi ◽

Khawla Alzoubi ◽

Thamer S. Almoneef ◽

Saeed M. Bamatraf ◽

Hussein Attia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Breast Tumour ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Breast Cancer Imaging ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Microwave Techniques

Conventional breast cancer detection techniques including X-ray mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound scanning suffer from shortcomings such as excessive cost, harmful radiation, and inconveniences to the patients. These challenges motivated researchers to investigate alternative methods including the use of microwaves. This article focuses on reviewing the background of microwave techniques for breast tumour detection. In particular, this study reviews the recent advancements in active microwave imaging, namely microwave tomography and radar-based techniques. The main objective of this paper is to provide researchers and physicians with an overview of the principles, techniques, and fundamental challenges associated with microwave imaging for breast cancer detection. Furthermore, this study aims to shed light on the fact that until today, there are very few commercially available and cost-effective microwave-based systems for breast cancer imaging or detection. This conclusion is not intended to imply the inefficacy of microwaves for breast cancer detection, but rather to encourage a healthy debate on why a commercially available system has yet to be made available despite almost 30 years of intensive research.

Download Full-text

Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12102767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2767

Author(s):

Jiawei Li ◽

Xin Guan ◽

Zhimin Fan ◽

Lai-Ming Ching ◽

Yan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Early Stage ◽

False Negative ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Volatile Organic

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Accurate early diagnosis of breast cancer is critical in the management of the disease. Although mammogram screening has been widely used for breast cancer screening, high false-positive and false-negative rates and radiation from mammography have always been a concern. Over the last 20 years, the emergence of “omics” strategies has resulted in significant advances in the search for non-invasive biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis at an early stage. Circulating carcinoma antigens, circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free tumor nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), circulating microRNAs, and circulating extracellular vesicles in the peripheral blood, nipple aspirate fluid, sweat, urine, and tears, as well as volatile organic compounds in the breath, have emerged as potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers to supplement current clinical approaches to earlier detection of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current progress of research in these areas.

Download Full-text