scholarly journals Pathogenic variability of Colletotrichum sp. from chilli anthracnose and their tolerance to carbendazim

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
Jannat Muhtarima ◽  
Farzana Haque Tumpa ◽  
Md. Rashidul Islam ◽  
Md. Atiqur Rahman Khokon
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Fruit Surface

Twelve isolates of Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporides were isolated from anthracnose infected chilli fruits from different areas of Mymensingh. Isolated pure fungal isolates were grouped on the basis of their morphological characters viz. colony color and compactness, size, shape and number of conidia. The white colored isolates were identified as C. capsici and showed faster growth on PDA medium. In contrast, grey colored fungal isolates were identified as C. gloeosporides and comparatively slow growth on PDA medium. All the fungal isolates were pathogenically active and developed typical symptoms on both green and ripe fruits of chilli. The isolates of C. capsici collected from Kalibari showed the highest infection (74.99%) on fruit surface followed by Muktijoddhar bazar (61.83%). Differential tolerance was observed as fungal growth was different against 0.05% and 0.1% carbendazim while 0.2% carbendazim was lethal against all fungal isolates. The results indicate that severity of anthracnose of chilli is different may be due to aggressiveness of fungal and their tolerance against common fungicide like carbendazim. J.Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 417–423, December 2018

scholarly journals Cultural, Morphological and Pathogenic Variability in Alternaria cyamopsidis Causing Alternaria Blight of Clusterbean in Rajasthan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Sharma ◽  
G.S. Rathore ◽  
S.L. Yadav ◽  
S.K. Goyal ◽  
Suresh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Variability Study ◽  
Spore Length

Background: Alternaria cyamopsidis (Rang. and Rao) causes Alternaria blight of clusterbean and it is one of the significant disease of clusterbean. Studies were conducted to compare the Cultural, morphological and pathogenic variability among ten isolates of Alternaria cyamopsidis from clusterbean, in five districts of Rajasthan viz., Bikaner, Barmer, Churu, Hanumangarh and Jaipur. Methods: During 2016-17 exhaustive survey was conducted in clusterbean growing areas of Rajasthan and collected diseased samples of clusterbean caused by Alternaria. All the samples were processed for isolation, purification and their pathogenicity was proved in cagehouse and laboratory and standard methods were adopted for cultural and morphological variability study. Result: All the isolates showed variation in their morphological characters, i.e., colony color and shape; conidial number, size, width, length, shape and septation on PDA. Out of ten isolates two isolate, viz., AlcyJp1 and AlcyJp2 showed maximum colony diameter 89.50 and 86.30 mm, respectively. All the isolates varied in their spore length and width and virulent on the tested variety of clusterbean for virulence. AlcyJp1 was the most virulent and produced maximum (65.50%) disease intensity, followed by AlcyJp2 isolate (61.22%).

scholarly journals Morphological and Pathogenic Variability amongMacrophomina phaseolinaIsolates Associated with Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) Wilczek from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Iqbal ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Medium Weight

Macrophomina phaseolinais a serious pathogen of many crops. In the present studies, 65 isolates ofMacrophomina phaseolinafrom different agroecological regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan were analyzed for morphological and pathogenic variability. Regardless of their geographic origins, significant differences were detected among 65 isolates in their radial growth, sclerotial size, and weight as well as in pathogenicity. Sixteen isolates were rated as fast growing, 11 as slow growing, and the rest of the isolates as medium growing. Nine isolates were classified as large sized, 26 as small sized, and the remaining 30 isolates as medium sized. Thirty five isolates were ranked as heavy weight, 12 as low weight, and the rest of isolates were grouped as medium weight. Ten fungal isolates appeared to be least virulent, whereas eight isolates of diverse origin proved to be highly virulent against mungbean cultivars. The remaining isolates were regarded as moderately virulent. No relationship was found among the morphological characters and pathogenicity of the isolates. These morphological and pathogenic variations in various isolates ofM. phaseolinamay be considered important in disease management systems and will be useful in breeding programmes of mungbean cultivars resistant to charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Soil Microcosms for Bioaugmentation With Fungal Isolates to Remediate Petroleum Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalel Daâssi ◽  
Fatimah Qabil Almaghribi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Native Strains

Abstract The aim of this work was to isolate indigenous PAH degrading-fungi from petroleum contaminated soil and exogenous ligninolytic strains from decaying-wood, with the ability to secrete diverse enzyme activity. A total of ten ligninolytic fungal isolates and two native strains, has been successfully isolated, screened and identified. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the indigenous fungi (KBR1 and KB8) belong to the genus Aspergillus niger and tubingensis. While the ligninolytic exogenous PAH-degrading strains namely KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 were affiliated to different genera like Syncephalastrum sp, Paecilomyces formosus, Fusarium chlamydosporum, and Coniochaeta sp., respectively. Basis on the taxonomic analysis, enzymatic activities and the hydrocarbons removal rates, single fungal culture employing the strain LB3, KB4, KBR1 and the mixed culture (LB3+KB4) were selected to be used in soil microcosms treatments. The Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), fungal growth rates, BOD5/COD ratios and GC-MS analysis, were determined in all soil microcosmos treatments (SMT) and compared with those of the control (SMU). After 60 days of culture incubation, the highest rate of TPH degradation was recorded in SMT[KB4] by approximately 92±2.35% followed by SMT[KBR1] then SMT[LB3+KB4] with 86.66±1.83% and 85.14±2.21%, respectively.

scholarly journals New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Giraldo ◽  
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo ◽  
Pedro W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Citizen Science Project

Abstract During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum, i.e. Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae, and Plectosphaerella, i.e. Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here.

scholarly journals The Influence of Microfungi on the Mycelial Growth of Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Yoon Oh ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Young Woon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) is one of the most valued ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because of its unique pine-like aroma; however, due to exceptionally slow growth of its mycelia in artificial conditions, its cultivation has been largely deemed as not possible. Previous studies have shown that some bacteria and a few Trichoderma species associated with pine mushroom promoted the growth of T. matsutake isolate, but this effect is relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the diversity of microfungi in the fairy ring of T. matsutake and their effect on the growth of T. matsutake isolate. From 184 fungal isolates, 28 species were identified based on suitable molecular markers. Penicillium was most frequently observed (16 species), followed by Trichoderma (4 species). Five Zygomycota species showed a high promoting effect on the growth of T. matsutake while the effects of ascomycetes were mixed. The microfungi that promote the growth of T. matsutake can be useful for forest nursery and artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

ANTHRACNOSE OF THE ANNONACEAE IN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
L. A. Alvarez García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Colony Color

The incidence of Gloeosporium gloeosporioides anthracnose on the Annonaceae in Puerto Rico seems to be correlated with high relative humidities. Experiments have shown that the Annonaceae are seriously attacked by the anthracnose fungus in the northeastern and wet inland regions of Puerto Rico. The disease is responsible for a constant drop of flowers and fruits, a die-back of twigs and branches and a damping-off of the seedlings. The growing of Annonaceae is commercially impossible under unfavorable environmental conditions, such as high atmospheric moisture. Annonaceae are found growing almost free from anthracnose in the dry south and southwestern part of Puerto Rico, developing well and producing heavy crops. The casual agent of infection is a polymorphic organism, involving many forms, exhibiting different morphological characters, such as color of colony, color of spore masses, and type of mycelium.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma sp. on Anthracnose Disease of Stored Chilli

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Zee Kar Yan ◽  
Vu Thanh Tu Anh
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Lesion ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Chilli is commonly used as spice in Malaysian culinary, principal ingredients in paste (sambal) and as the raw material in sauce industry. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is one of the major causes of economic loss to chilli production especially in Asia. Even a small lesion on chilli might affect the quality, thus the market value of the chilli. Disease symptoms caused by C. capsici include brown, circular and sunken lesion with concentric rings of black acervuli. Chemicals have been used to treat the chilli but they might cause environmental pollution, affect human health and lead to pathogen resistance to the chemicals. Therefore, an alternative method to chemical control is required. In this study, C. capsici was isolated from a naturally infected chilli fruit (Capsicum frutescens), and a species of Trichoderma was isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses. Pure cultures of both fungi were established then used in antagonism studies in in vitro and in vivo. Dual culture of pathogens and Trichoderma sp. indicated that Trichoderma sp. competed with C. capsici for space and nutrients, caused the loss of turgidity of the fungal hyphae, and reduced the fungal growth by producing volatile metabolites. Trichoderma sp. decreased disease severity on chilli artificially inoculated fruits up to 64% when Trichoderma mycelial plug was used and 55% when culture filtrate was applied. Field trials are recommended to examine the antagonism of Trichoderma sp. in real production conditions. Keywords: Anthracnose, biological control, Colletotrichum capsici, Trichoderma sp.

The developing relationship between Stylosanthes and anthracnose after 14 years in a North Queensland pasture. 2. Diversity in the pathogen population

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Davis ◽  
RM Boland ◽  
CJ Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Field Inoculum

Broad diversity was indicated in fungal isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides collected from a mixed accession Stylosanthes pasture during 1987-89. Isolate pathogenicity studies revealed 7 different pathogenic groups in 1987, while 16 different groups were separated in the 1989 collection. About 40% of isolates from both years were capable of producing symptoms on only 2 differential host lines while the more complex groups (pathogenic on 3-6 differentials) were proportionately less common. Fungal growth at 4 temperatures revealed significant variation in growth rates although most isolates grew optimally at 28�C. When 3 isolates representing different pathogenic groups were examined in a series of glasshouse inoculum composition studies, all contributed evenly to the number of lesions produced when inoculated together in equal proportions. There was no evidence of domination by the most virulent isolate used in these glasshouse studies and similarly there was no evidence of particular strain dominance in the field. Continual natural diluting of virulent field inoculum by the large diversity of other strains would probably prevent rapid severe epidemics developing in this pasture.

Pathogenic and morphological variability among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri isolates causing wilt in chickpea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Chaithra ◽  
H. Manjunath ◽  
M. Saifulla ◽  
Pagala Deepthi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Twelve Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri isolates were isolated from chickpea infected samples collected across different states of India. Pathogenic variability of twelve isolates was observed on seven chickpea cultivars viz., JG 62, Annigeri-1, Chaffa, CPS-1, K 850, L 550 and DCP 92-3. Among the twelve isolates APFOC-1 showed lowest wilt incidence 71.43 per cent and the isolate MPFOC-9 showed 100 per cent wilt incidence in all cultivars. The variability in morphological characters like size, shape, color of conidia and size, shape, color of chlamydospore were observed in all the isolates. The size of macroconidia varied from 9.23X2.53 ìm (WBFOC-12) to 19.3X5.52 ìm (MHFOC-8) with 2-4 septation. The size of microconidia varied from 4.4X2.93 ìm (MPFOC-9) to 8.26X4.2 ìm (MHFOC-8) with 0-1 septation. Macroconidia were sickle shaped and blunt ends with hyaline color. Microconidia were round to oval with hyaline color. Size of chlamydospore varied from 2.67 (UPFOC-11) to 8.24 (JKFOC-5). Chlamydospores did not show much variation with respect to shape and color. Based on the total number of spores observed per microscopic field, the twelve isolates categorized into four groups viz., poor sporulants, moderate sporulants, good sporulants and very good sporulants.

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