Prevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle at Meghna upazila in Comilla in Bangladesh

The present study was performed in the Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Meghna, Comilla during the period from September 2006 to February 2007 to observe the prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle at Meghna upazila in Comilla. A total of 253 skin diseased cattle head were examined in this study where 109 were males and 144 were females. The prevalence of FMD was 24.51% at Meghna upazila. The effect of age, sex, breed, season and farming system on the incidence rate of the disease was discussed. Seasonal variation on outbreak of this disease was significantly higher. The clinical prevalence of FMD was highest in the month of November (34.69%) and December (36.20%). The males (35.77%) were more susceptible than females (15.97%). The adult cattle (34.18%) were more susceptible compared to heifer (23.43%) and young (09.72%). In breed, 39.18% indigenous breeds and 15.38% crossed breeds were infected by FMD. So, it could be concluded that the rural farming system, adult, male and the indigenous cattle were more susceptible to FMD in winter season. Keywords: Foot and Mouth Disease; Epidemiology; Clinical features; Breed DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4741 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 317-319, 2009

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Retrospective study of foot and mouth disease in cattle at Babugonj upazila of Barisal district

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v5i1.36551 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharmin Mostary ◽

Khalid Hussain ◽

Imam Hasan ◽

Farzana Islam Rume

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Veterinary Hospital ◽

Effect Of Age

The present study was conducted in Babuganj Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Barisal during the period from September 2015 to August 2017 to observe the prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). A total of 727 animals were examined during this period and 158 cases were found positive to FMD, so the proportionate prevalence of FMD was 21.73% (n=158) at Babugonj Upazila. The effect of age, sex, breed and season on the prevalence of the disease was discussed. The proportinate prevalence of FMD was highest in the month of December and January. The males (432 males, 109 affected, prevalence 25.23%) were more susceptible than females (295 female, 49 affected, prevalence 16.61%). The Older cattle (more than 4 years old) were more susceptible to FMD (29.88%) compared to adult (2 to 4 years; 19.53%) and younger (less than 2 years old; 8.62%). Moreover, FMD is more frequent among indigenous breeds (27.90%) than crossed breeds (13.91%). The findings from this study can be used as baseline epidemiological data for further research to understand the epidemiology of FMD in Barisal.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 43-48, April 2018

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Clinically detection of foot and mouth disease at Kapasia upazila under Gazipur dristrict in Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v14i2.32693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MA Alam ◽

MR Amin ◽

TK Paul ◽

MK Rizon

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Winter Season ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Farming System ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Diseases ◽

Intensive Farming ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

And Control

Clinical detection of Foot and Mouth Disease in the cattle which study was carried out in Kapasia upazila under Gazipur district during from February 2011 to January 2012 and identifying the potential risk factors associated with the studies in Kapasia, Gazipur. A total of 315 infected cattle of different age, sex were examined in the upazila veterinary development center of Kapasia in Gazipur district. Total 86 (27.30%) cattle were infected with FMD on the basis of clinico-epidemiological determinants. The effect of season, Breed, Age, and sex of cattle on the incidence of the disease was discussed. It was observed that rural farming system (30.43%) was more susceptible than intensive farming (21.30%) system of cattle. Old animals (33.15%) were more susceptible than adult (21.81%) and young (15.71%). The prevalence of disease was found significantly (P < 0.05) higher in male (33.65%) than in female (24.17%). It was observed that local breed cattle (35.48%) were more susceptible than cross-breed cattle (15.50%). Seasonal variation of the disease was significant in the study area. The infection was less in summer (11.63%) and increasing in rainy season (25.58%) but gradually increased in late period of winter season (62.80%). This report will help to prioritize and control strategies against Foot and Mouth diseases from Kapasia upazila at Gazipur District in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 185-190, December 2016

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The clinicopathology of foot and mouth disease and molecular epidemiology of the viruses circulated in cattle of Pabna district, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Veterinarian ◽

10.3329/bvet.v33i2.36457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 39-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MR Nazneen ◽

MS Islam ◽

UK Rima ◽

D Biswas ◽

R Afroze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Extraction ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Postmortem Changes ◽

Vp1 Gene ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Serotype O ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Serotype Identification

This study investigated outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle in Pabna district, Bangladesh, during August-September 2015. Out of 100 cattle, 45 were infected with FMD virus, of which five young and two adult cattle died and the postmortem changes in internal organs were recorded. Oral tissue samples from infected cattle (n = 20) of four Upazillas (Sub-district) of Pabna district were collected for viral RNA extraction and serotype identification using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Gross and histopathological changes in oral, pedal and mammary tissues were typical of FMD. Characteristics lesion of 'tiger heart disease' was seen in heart muscle of young and adult cattle. There was thickening of interlobular septum of lungs and characteristics of interstitial pneumonia. The uniplex and multiplex RT-PCR detected FMD viruses (430 bp) and FMD viral serotypes “O” (402 bp) and “Asia 1” (292 bp). Cattle of Sujanagar, Chatmahar and Isshardi Upazillas of Pabna district were infected with FMD viral serotype “O” and responsible for mortality of three young and two adult cattle. FMD viral serotype “Asia 1” causing death of two young cattle at Pabna Sadar. The fragment (485 bp) of Vp1 gene of FMD viral serotype “O” sequenced showed mutation in main antigenic sites. The phylogenetic analysis carried out with the Vp1 gene of FMD viral serotype “O” showed the viruses belonging to ME-SA topotype. The death of young and adult cattle was probably due to cardiac and/or respiratory failure. The adapted RTPCR protocol can be used in practice for detecting FMD viruses and its serotyping. Larger samples sizes require investigating to identify existing FMD viral serotypes and topotypes in order to design future preventive strategies.Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 39-50

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Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa

10.1101/358044 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Florian Duchatel ◽

Mark Bronsvoort ◽

Samantha Lycett

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Disease Epidemiology ◽

Fmd Virus ◽

Serotype O ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.

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Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) among sedentary cattle in northern Plateau, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v1i2.25607 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yiltawe Simwal Wungak ◽

Ishola Olayinka Olabisi ◽

Babasola Oluseyi Olugasa ◽

David Dazhia Lazarus ◽

Hussaini Gulak Ularamu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Animal Movement ◽

Control Measure ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and identifying the potential risk factors associated with the disease among sedentary cattle in northern part of Plateau state, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy cattle aged from 6 months to ?3 years old were randomly selected and identified and whole blood collected from the jugular vein using plain evacuated tubes. Whole blood was processed and separated and sera were screened for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D non-structural proteins using blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 55.9% (95%CI: 49.96-61.77) FMD seroprevalence was obtained from the study area. Seroprevalence was highest in Riyom (82.5%), followed by Barkin Ladi (66.2%), Jos South (55.5%) and Bassa (41.2%) (x2 = 17.21, P<0.05). Risk factors for age, management system and location were significant associated (P<0.05) with seroprevalence of FMD. However, there was no significant association with sex (P>0.05). The prevalence odd ratio of FMD was more in Riyom than in Jos South, Barkin Ladi and Bassa (P<0.05). Prevalence odd ratio of FMD was more in extensively managed system relative to intensively managed system, more in adult cattle aged >2 years old. This study has indicated that FMD is an important disease among sedentary cattle in Northern Plateau, however little is currently known about the economic impact of the disease on the local farmers and their livelihoods. As a control measure, efforts should be improved on animal movement during outbreaks while prophylactic control using vaccination should be considered as another option using vaccines containing virus representative of the region.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 169-174

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The effect of vaccination on undetected persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle herds and sheep flocks

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268809002349 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 137 (10) ◽

pp. 1494-1504 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. SCHLEY ◽

D. J. PATON ◽

S. J. COX ◽

S. PARIDA ◽

S. GUBBINS

Keyword(s):

Probabilistic Models ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Persistently Infected ◽

Disease Epidemiology ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYThe importance of carrier animals (those in whom virus persists after recovery from disease or acute infection) and their potential role in the spread of disease remain open questions within foot-and-mouth disease epidemiology. Using simple probabilistic models we attempt to quantify the effect of emergency vaccination – and especially the time of application – on the likely number of such animals, using data from challenge experiments on both cattle and sheep to determine the probability of persistence in diseased and subclinically infected animals. We show that the number of persistently infected animals in a group is predominantly determined by the number of animals initially infected on premises – the high variability of which ultimately limits the accuracy of any predictions of carrier numbers based upon transmission models. Furthermore, results suggest that, within a cattle herd, carrier numbers may be increased if challenge occurs shortly after vaccination. We show that the quality of inspection is the principal factor influencing whether or not carrier herds occur and that, by reducing clinical signs, the application of vaccination in regularly checked stock also results in an increase in undetected persistently infected animals. Where clinical detection would be poor regardless of the use of vaccination (i.e. particularly in sheep), vaccination will result in a reduction in the probability of a group containing undetected carriers: otherwise there is a benefit only if vaccination is applied sufficiently far in advance of any challenge. The implications of the results for serosurveillance are discussed, including the requisite test sensitivity and practices for successful implementation.

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PATHOLOGY OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) OUTBREAD IN CATTLE, SHEEP AND PIGS IN IBADAN

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v4i1.2239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 227-238

Author(s):

B. O. Ikede ◽

E. O Onyekweodiri

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Secondary Conditions ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Precautionary Measures ◽

Heart Lesions

The death of 18 calves (mostly of exotic breeds) during an outbreak of FMD (SAT-2) was attributed to sever heart lesions consisting of nonsuppurative myo cardial degeneration, haemorrhage and calcification. Mouth and feet lesions were also present. In adult cattle as well as sheep and pigs, mortality was very low and was attributed mainly to some other concurrent or secondary conditions. In view of the unusual susceptibility of exotic cattle (especially calves) it is suggested that extra precautionary measures be taken against FMD when pregnant cows are imported to enzootic areas.

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Activity of different serum enzymes and hormone profilein foot and mouth disease affected cattle

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0i0f.3810 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

J. Barkakati ◽

S. Sarma ◽

D.J. Kalita ◽

J. Goswami ◽

K. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Serum Enzymes ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

And Control ◽

Alt Activity

Present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease on the activity of different serum enzymes and hormone profile in indigenous cattle of Assam. The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity did not show significant difference among the affected, recovered and control group. However, significant (P is less than 0.01) increase of aspartate transaminase (AST) activity was recorded in the affected group as compared to control. The level of T3 showed a significant (Pis less than 0.05) increase during FMD infection. T4 and cortisol hormones were also found to be increased significantly (Pis less than 0.01) in FMD affected than recovered and control group. From the present study, it can be concluded that during FMD, there is a significant increase of AST , T3, T4 and cortisol. However, no significant change was recorded in the activity of ALT and ALP during FMD infection and recovered group..

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Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease outbreaks in Thailand from 2011 to 2018

10.22541/au.163578284.49796589/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thanicha Chanchaidechachai ◽

Helmut Saatkamp ◽

Mart de Jong ◽

Chaidate Inchaisri ◽

Henk Hogeveen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Winter Season ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Central Regions ◽

Risk Areas

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is one of the most important animal diseases hindering livestock production in Thailand. In this study, a temporal and spatial analysis at the subdistrict level was performed on FMD outbreak reports in Thailand from 2011 to 2018. Risk factors associated with FMD outbreaks were investigated using generalised estimating equations. The results showed that the incidence of FMD outbreaks was the highest in 2016 and was affected by season, with a peak in FMD outbreaks occurring in the rainy-winter season. The occurrences of FMD were mostly distributed as a number of small clusters within a few subdistricts. Some high-risk areas with repetitive outbreaks were detected in the central regions. Risk factors significantly associated with FMD outbreaks included the size of the dairy, beef, and pig populations in each subdistrict, the distance to the nearest subdistrict with an outbreak, the percentage of forest area, international border contact, the presence of a livestock market, and the occurrence of an FMD outbreak in a neighbouring subdistrict in the previous month. This study helped to identify high-risk areas and periods of FMD outbreaks in Thailand. Together with the identified risk factors, its results can be used to optimise the FMD control program in Thailand and in other countries having a similar livestock industry and FMD situation.

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