scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis based on morphological characters in mulberry (Morus spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
SMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Leaf Productivity

Mulberry genetic resource is increasingly being recognized as one of the basic key component for sustainable silk production under changing climatic condition. In this investigation, analysis of multivariate was done to assess the diversity in 20 mulberry genotypes (includes indigenous and exotic) for leaf yield and its growth attributes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of significant variation among genotypes for the parameters measured. Wide range and variance among the genotypes indicated the presence of variability for the traits on which selection can be practiced. For cluster analysis classified 20 genotypes into four divergent groups and greater genetic distance was detected among the members of cluster I and II and cluster II and III. The members of these divergent clusters may be combined in future breeding programmes to obtain genotypes with combined leaf yield and more branches per plant. The results showed that the germplasm having a wide genetic diversity thus the genotypes viz., BSRM64, BSRM66, BSRM63, BSRM65, BSRM45 and BSRM56 can serve as a promising donors for improving the leaf productivity of mulberry. J. bio-sci. 28: 111-119, 2020

scholarly journals Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.

scholarly journals MORPHO-AGRONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PEPPERS (Capsicum spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
MAYARA RODRIGUES E SILVA ◽  
RAIMUNDO NONATO OLIVEIRA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Fruit Wall

ABSTRACT Peppers and bell peppers (Capsicum spp.) are vegetables that have wide genetic variability, as well as a wide range of applications. Studies on genetic diversity help to understand the existing variability and the conservation of genetic resources, allowing breeders to select superior genotypes that meet the needs of breeding programmes. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among 15 Capsicum genotypes based on morpho-agronomic descriptors and through the Ward-MLM (Modified Location Model) procedure, as well as to indicate the most promising genotypes for breeding programmes. The research was conducted in an experimental area using a randomized block design, with three replications, using nine qualitative descriptors and ten quantitative descriptors. Analysis of variance was performed, and means were subsequently grouped by Scott-Knott’s method. There was a significant difference between genotypes for all traits evaluated, making it possible to select promising genotypes. According to the Scott-Knott grouping test, the number of seeds per fruit had the largest number of groups, with eight distinct groups, while plant height had only two groups. The genotypes GEN18 and GEN21 had the highest average values for fruit wall thickness and thus are indicated for the preparation of sauces. The genotypes GEN14 and GEN16 were the most promising for use for ornamental purposes. The Ward-MLM method made it possible to differentiate C. annuum L., C. baccatum L., C. chinense Jacq., and C. frutescens L. into different groups, and is thus a useful tool to detect genetic divergence.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) COLLECTED FROM NORTH WEST HIMALAYA FOR AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chainika Gupta ◽  
Romesh Kumar Salgotra ◽  
Manmohan Sharma ◽  
Moni Gupta ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
North West ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
West Himalaya ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Bud Initiation

Understanding of genetic diversity among the genotypes is the mainstay of plant breeding. The present study was carried out to determine genetic divergence among 59 common beans genotypes collected from North West Himalaya for nine agromorphological traits. The analysis of variance depicted significant variability among genotypes for all the traits under study indicating wide range of variability present in bean genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was high for seed yield per plant followed by days to bud initiation. High heritability was also observed for all traits except pod length. Cluster analysis grouped bean genotypes into five distinct clusters. The genotypes under group II, III, V have more number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and single plant yield which can be utilized as potential donors for enhancing the yield of other genotypes in breeding programmes. Hence, the selection based on these yield contributing traits may helpful in future crop improvement programmes

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence Studies for Morphological Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] over the Environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vikas Khandelwal ◽  
A. Keerthika ◽  
Meenakshi Dhoot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Genetic diversity is an essential prerequisite for improving the genetic makeup of any crop. Inclusion of genetically diverse parents in hybridization programme helps in isolation of superior recombinants. So, an experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity among 150 genotypes of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Rajasthan during Kharif - 2013, 2014 and 2015 in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Present study reveals that the clustering pattern based on D2 statistics grouped 150 genotypes into 6 clusters, out of which cluster 1 shows the highest intra cluster value (142.62) followed by cluster 2 (119.47). While maximum inter cluster distance (i.e.652.68) was observed between cluster 5 and cluster 6, indicating there is presence of wide range of genetic diversity among the sorghum genotypes. Such genotypes with wide genetic diversity based on their mean values can either be utilized for breeding programmes for genetic improvement in sorghum or directly adopted as a variety.

Genetic diversity and structure of improved indica rice germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Fulin Qiu ◽  
Madonna Angelita Dela Paz ◽  
Jieyun Zhuang ◽  
Fangming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Breeding Programmes

The characterization of genetic diversity and structure for improved cultivated varieties/elite lines is tremendously important to assist breeders in parental selection for inbred and hybrid breeding and heterotic group construction. In this study, a total of 737 improved indica varieties/lines developed recently and/or widely used by present indica breeding programmes worldwide were genotyped with a 384-single-nucleotide polymorphism assay. Model-based population structure analysis revealed the presence of two major groups with six subgroups (SGs), wherein no clear correlation was found between the groups/SGs and breeding programmes or geographical origin of the accessions. Over half of the accessions (51.8%) appeared to have less than 0.6 memberships assigned to any one of the six model-based groups, highlighting the wide range of gene flow within improved indica varieties/lines and the genetic integration of valuable alleles shared by ancestries among improved high-yielding varieties/lines through germplasm exchanges. Distance-based clustering revealed that Latin-American cultivated indica lines have tended to form their own ecological cline, which could serve as a potential heterotic ecotype for hybrid rice breeding, although they are still closely related to Asian indica lines. African cultivated indica lines, on the other hand, have not yet formed their own ecological cline. It was also observed that the most well-known hybrid rice parents, Zhenshan97B and Minghui63, were unexpectedly clustered in the same SG with a relatively narrow genetic distance, which suggests that a significant genetic distance between parents is not a prerequisite for all elite hybrid rice lines with high heterosis.

scholarly journals Legume Genetic Resource Security as Main Requirement for Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Odesina ◽  
Nenyinka Gonzuk ◽  
Elizabeth Daodu ◽  
Sheyi Akintunde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Growing Population

Evaluating the genetic diversity of landraces has exposed us to the diverse relevance of wild line contributory to a wide range of systems ranging from morphology, physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, toxicity, etc., allowing to their genetic constituent. Today, the world is facing many global challenges. This has put the world in disarray and poses a threat via its impact leading to non-promising food security for a rapidly growing population, an increase in the production and release of greenhouse gases as a consequence of anthropogenic activity, and an increase in the level of pollutants in the environment. A well-characterized crop genetic resource is a precondition for effective breeding and genetic conservation in the world of legume security. There is a need to collect, study and conserve legume genetic resource to tackle future challenges. This will help project latent benefits of undescribed leguminous lines of various crop species.

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Berdasarkan Marka Morfologi dan ISSR

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Vebrita Sari ◽  
Miftahudin , ◽  
Dan Sobir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Issr Primers

Development of new shallot varieties requires genetic variation of the germplasm. However, information on genetic diversity of local shallot in Indonesia is still lacking. This study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of shallot based on morphological characters and ISSR markers for management of genetic resource and breeding program in Indonesia. This study was conducted during October 2014 to September 2015. The 34-shallot genotypes were collected from several regions in Indonesia in the form of the bulb. Twenty four morphological markers and 13 ISSR primers were used in this research. The informative characters to analyze genetic diversity of shallot were foliage cracking, bulb number and bulb morphological characters. ISSR markers generated 103 DNA polymorphic band with the total of 89.57% and the informative primers were ISSRred 4, ISSRred 9 and ISSRred 20. Both morphological and ISSR markers showed 27% genetic diversity and grouped all genotypes into two main groups; however the grouping did not relate to the geographic origin. The largest bulb diameter of 7.54 cm was obtained from Bangkok variety and the highest number of bulb per clump of 27 bulb/clump was produced by the genotype from Pekanbaru. These genotypes can be used as potential parents for shallot breeding program in Indonesia. <br /><br />Keywords: genetic diversity, ISSR markers, morphological characters, shallot<br /><br />

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity Analysis of Jattal and Dera Din Panah Goat Breeds of Pakistan using Microsatellite Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HUSSAIN ◽  
M. SHAHEEN ◽  
M. E. BABAR ◽  
M. M. MUSTHAFA ◽  
A. NADEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Animal Genetic Resource ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distinct Features

This paper evaluates the genetic diversity of goat breeds in Pakistan, a country blessed with a wide range of goats spread throughout with distinct features contributing to a rich Animal Genetic Resource. The genetic diversity of two goat breeds (Jattal and Dera Din Panah) was assessed with 25 animals representing the two breeds using 16 microsatellite markers. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity of both goat breed populations were observed as 0.83+0.21. The average number of observed alleles was 3.6+1.6 for all loci. The mean polymorphic information content for a goat breed was 0.45, indicating the usefulness of markers panel. Highest Nei’s standard genetic distance (Ds) value of 0.0612 was observed between Jattal and Dera Din Panah goats, and the mean Fst value was 0.013. The measures of genetic variation revealed a good scope for effective improvement, conservation, and designing national breeding policies, in future, for Pakistan goat breeds.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Morphological Traits of Mango Genotypes Using D2 Statistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Swosti S. Das ◽  
K. Kishore ◽  
D. Lenka ◽  
D. K. Dash ◽  
K. C. Samal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Hybridization Programme

An experiment was conducted during 2018-2020 to study the genetic diversity in 24 morphological traits using D2 statistics in mango genotypes of eastern tropical region of India. Present study reveals that the clustering pattern based on D2 statistics grouped 40 genotypes of mango into 7 clusters, out of which cluster VI (7397.45) shows the highest intracluster value followed by cluster III (5346.99) and cluster V (4130.4), indicating considerable genetic divergence among the accessions of this cluster. While maximum inter- cluster distance was observed between the cluster VI and VII (300180) followed by cluster II and VI (289267.7) and cluster I and VI (214380.5) indicated that the accessions belonging to these groups were genetically most diverse and can be used as a parent in hybridization programme. Wide range of genetic diversity observed among cluster VI and cluster VII, can either be utilized for breeding programmes for genetic improvement in mango or directly adopted as a variety. Fruit yield exhibited significant contribution towards the genetic divergence (60.77%) followed by fruit weight (26.79%), stone percentage (4.74%), peel percentage (2.31%) and pulp percentage (2.05%).

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

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