scholarly journals Legume Genetic Resource Security as Main Requirement for Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Odesina ◽  
Nenyinka Gonzuk ◽  
Elizabeth Daodu ◽  
Sheyi Akintunde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Growing Population

Evaluating the genetic diversity of landraces has exposed us to the diverse relevance of wild line contributory to a wide range of systems ranging from morphology, physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, toxicity, etc., allowing to their genetic constituent. Today, the world is facing many global challenges. This has put the world in disarray and poses a threat via its impact leading to non-promising food security for a rapidly growing population, an increase in the production and release of greenhouse gases as a consequence of anthropogenic activity, and an increase in the level of pollutants in the environment. A well-characterized crop genetic resource is a precondition for effective breeding and genetic conservation in the world of legume security. There is a need to collect, study and conserve legume genetic resource to tackle future challenges. This will help project latent benefits of undescribed leguminous lines of various crop species.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Tunisian castor genotypes (Ricinus communis L.) detected using RAPD markers

10.5219/1116 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Vivodík ◽  
Ezzeddine Saadaoui ◽  
Želmíra Balážová ◽  
Zdenka Gálová ◽  
Lenka Petrovičová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
The World

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant that is commercially very important to the world. It is produced in about 30 countries lying in the tropical belt of the world. It is an important plant for production of industrial oil. Assessment of genetic diversity of a crop species is a prerequisite to its improvement; hence it is important to identify the genetic diversity of castor genetic resources for development of improved cultivars. The present study is focused on estimation of genetic distance between 56 Tunisian castor genotypes, based on 18 RAPD markers. Seeds of castor were obtained from the University of Carthage, National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests (INRGREF), Regional Station of Gabès, Tunisia. The ricin genotypes were obtained from 12 regions of Tunisia. The efficacy of the RAPD technique in this study is further supported by the obtained PIC values of the primers used in the analysis. PCR amplification of DNA using 18 primers for RAPD analysis produced 145 DNA fragments that could be scored in all 56 genotypes of Tunisian castor. The number of amplified fragments varied from 3 (OPE-07) to 13 (SIGMA-D-01), and the amplicon size ranged from 100 to 1500 bp. Of the 145 amplified bands, 145 were polymorphic, with an average of 8.11 polymorphic bands per primer. The lowest values of polymorphic information content were recorded for RLZ 9 (0.618) and the the highest PIC values were detected for OPD-08 (0.846) with an average of 0.761. A dendrogram was constructed from a genetic distance matrix based on profiles of the 18 RAPD primers using the unweighted pair-group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA). According to analysis, the collection of 56 Tunisian castor genotypes were clustered into five main clusters. Genetically the closest were four genotypes from cluster 1 (BT-1 – S-5 and K-1 – N-3). Knowledge of the genetic diversity of castor can be used in future breeding programs for increased oil production to meet the ever increasing demand of castor oil for industrial uses as well as for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Microsatellite and Morphological Analyses Reveal Unexpected Diversity in Lymantria dispar in China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zuo ◽  
D. K. Kurenshchikov ◽  
Jinyong Yu ◽  
Yuanping Zou ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth

The gyspy moth Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, a widely distributed leaf-eating pest, is considered geographically isolated in the world, with two Asian gypsy moth subspecies, Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica. In China, only one subspecies, L. d. asiatica, has been observed. In this study, we characterized gypsy moth diversity and divergence using 427 samples covering a wide range of the species distribution, with a focus on sampling along a latitudinal gradient in China. We combine the quantitative analysis of male genitalia and the genetic diversity analysis of nine microsatellite loci of nuclear genes nuclear genes to study the structure of gypsy moth individuals in 23 locations in the world and the male genitalia of gypsy moths in some areas. In mixed ancestry model-based clustering analyses based on nuclear simple sequence repeats, gypsy moths were divided into three well-known subspecies, a unique North American cluster, and a southern Chinese cluster with differentiation between the Asian gypsy moth and European gypsy moth. We also found individuals identified as European gypsy moths in two distant regions in China. The results of a quantitative analysis of male genitalia characteristics were consistent with an analysis of genetic structure and revealed the differentiation of gypsy moths in southern China and of hybrids suspected to be associated with L. d. japonica in the Russian Far East. Admixture in gypsy moths can be explained by many factors such as human transport. In China, we detected European gypsy moths, and found unexpectedly high genetic diversity within populations across a wide range of latitudes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis based on morphological characters in mulberry (Morus spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
SMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Leaf Productivity

Mulberry genetic resource is increasingly being recognized as one of the basic key component for sustainable silk production under changing climatic condition. In this investigation, analysis of multivariate was done to assess the diversity in 20 mulberry genotypes (includes indigenous and exotic) for leaf yield and its growth attributes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of significant variation among genotypes for the parameters measured. Wide range and variance among the genotypes indicated the presence of variability for the traits on which selection can be practiced. For cluster analysis classified 20 genotypes into four divergent groups and greater genetic distance was detected among the members of cluster I and II and cluster II and III. The members of these divergent clusters may be combined in future breeding programmes to obtain genotypes with combined leaf yield and more branches per plant. The results showed that the germplasm having a wide genetic diversity thus the genotypes viz., BSRM64, BSRM66, BSRM63, BSRM65, BSRM45 and BSRM56 can serve as a promising donors for improving the leaf productivity of mulberry. J. bio-sci. 28: 111-119, 2020

Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Abstract The exact origin of the MEAM1 species of Bemisia tabaci, and the reasons why it became such an important pest are still not fully known. MEAM1 was first identified in the mid 1980s when it invaded the southern states of North America. Vast numbers of whiteflies were found to be infesting winter vegetable crops and consequently caused an estimated $500 million loss to the 1991 winter harvest in California. Investigations led to the assumption that the B biotype had spread to the USA on ornamental plants that were being transported around the world. Species such as poinsettia and gerbera were highlighted as probable hosts. During the 1990s MEAM1 was reported on every continent. Biological traits of MEAM1 implied that it had evolved within intensive agricultural regions with exposure to pesticides and modern cultural practices. These included an ability to feed and develop on a wide range of plant and crop species, a high level of fecundity and a predisposition to develop resistance to a wide range of pesticides. MEAM1 is also an effective vector of many different plant viruses which, in conjunction with its high level of polyphagy, make it extremely problematic within agricultural regions where crops may be susceptible to viruses acquired from indigenous plants. Despite B. tabaci being a tropical/sub-tropical whitefly species, MEAM1 is often transported on plant species to temperate regions of the world. Within these cooler regions, MEAM1 can survive within a protected environment and could feasibly spread virus diseases to new locations. It is for this reason that B. tabaci and members of its species complex, including MEAM1, are on EPPO A2 Alert list.

scholarly journals Realigning science, society and policy in uncertain times

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 200554
Author(s):  
Goverdhan Mehta ◽  
Henning Hopf ◽  
Alain Krief ◽  
Stephen A. Matlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Science Society ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire Planet

Against a backdrop of rapidly changing social, economic and geopolitical settings and ideologies, the world is facing a wide range of challenges, including in biodiversity, climate, energy, the environment, food, health and water. These can only be addressed by fully harnessing key capacities that science offers. However, there is a crisis of trust in science which affects some sections of society and some policy-makers, impairing the capacity of science to deliver its essential roles. This damaged relationship between science, society and policy has immense health, economic and social consequences and implications for sustainability of the entire planet. Scientists must strive collectively to re-establish trust by society and politicians where it is damaged, and reinforce conviction of science's central importance in underpinning policy. Science's roles must in turn be acknowledged by policies that sustain innovation and freedom to work without political interference or constraints. A well-functioning and trusting relationship between science, society and policy-makers offers a potent means to thwart and mitigate emergent global challenges.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity Analysis of Jattal and Dera Din Panah Goat Breeds of Pakistan using Microsatellite Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HUSSAIN ◽  
M. SHAHEEN ◽  
M. E. BABAR ◽  
M. M. MUSTHAFA ◽  
A. NADEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Animal Genetic Resource ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distinct Features

This paper evaluates the genetic diversity of goat breeds in Pakistan, a country blessed with a wide range of goats spread throughout with distinct features contributing to a rich Animal Genetic Resource. The genetic diversity of two goat breeds (Jattal and Dera Din Panah) was assessed with 25 animals representing the two breeds using 16 microsatellite markers. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity of both goat breed populations were observed as 0.83+0.21. The average number of observed alleles was 3.6+1.6 for all loci. The mean polymorphic information content for a goat breed was 0.45, indicating the usefulness of markers panel. Highest Nei’s standard genetic distance (Ds) value of 0.0612 was observed between Jattal and Dera Din Panah goats, and the mean Fst value was 0.013. The measures of genetic variation revealed a good scope for effective improvement, conservation, and designing national breeding policies, in future, for Pakistan goat breeds.

Optical Sensors for Precision Agriculture: An Outlook

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas De Arruda Viana ◽  
Deborah Campos Tomaz ◽  
Rodrigo Nogueira Martins ◽  
Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas ◽  
Fernando Ferreira Lima dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
The Cost

The growing human population added to the rural exodus has aggravated the pressure in the agricultural sector for greater production. Faced with this problem, research has developed optical sensors for more productive agriculture with the purpose of minimizing the effects of rural exodus, obtaining rapid information and promoting the rational use of natural resources. Optical sensors have a differential consisting of the ability to use the spectral signature of an attribute or part of it to gain information, often not obvious. This review provides recent advances in optical sensors as well as future challenges. The studies have shown the wide range of applicability of optical sensors in agriculture, from detection of weeds to identification of soil fertility, which favors management in different areas of agriculture. The main limitation to the use of optical sensors in agriculture in most parts of the world has been the cost of purchasing the devices, especially in poor countries. So one of the future challenges is the reduction of final prices paid by consumers.

Creative Strategy Used in Electronic Advertising

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Mustafa Omer Abdalaziz
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Electronic Advertising

The study aims at the technological developments that are taking place in the world and have impacted on all sectors and fields and imposed on the business organizations and commercial companies to carry out their marketing and promotional activities within the electronic environment. The most prominent of these developments is the emergence of the concept of electronic advertising which opened a wide range of companies and businessmen to advertise And to promote their products and their work easily through the Internet, which has become full of electronic advertising, and in light of that will discuss the creative strategy used in electronic advertising;

ARTISTIC ASSIMILATION OF THE WORLD IN THE ESSAY PROSE OF M. G. ATAMANOV (BASED ON THE BOOK “I AM UDMURT. WHY DOES IT HURT?”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Alevtina Vasilevna Kamitova ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Individual Style

The paper reflects the specificity of the fundamental ideas of the artistic world of M. G. Atamanov, which includes a wide range of literary facts from the content level of the text of the works to their poetics. A particularly important role in the works of M. G. Atamanov is played by cross-cutting themes and images that reflect the author's individual style and his idea of national-ethnic identity. The subject of the research is the book of essays “Mon - Udmurt. Maly mynym vös’?” (“I am Udmurt. Why does it hurt?”), which most vividly reflected the main spiritual and artistic searches of M. G. Atamanov, associated with his ideas about the Udmurt people. The main motives and plots of the works included in the book under consideration are accumulated around the concept of “Udmurtness”. The comprehension of “Udmurtness” is modeled in his essays through specific leit themes: native language, Udmurt people, national culture, mentality, geographic and topographic features of the Udmurt people’ places of residence, the Orthodox idea. The “Udmurt theme” is recognized and comprehended by the writer through the prism of national identity.

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