scholarly journals Sustainable Washing for Denim Garments by Enzymatic Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mashiur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md Ibrahim H Mondal ◽  
Md Zulhash Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Novel Design

Denim garment is the most preferred of today’s youth. This paper presents the effect of enzyme wash using cellulase enzyme on the properties of denim garments to develop novel design and fashion. Three parameters in enzyme washing namely concentration of enzyme, washing temperature and time at pH 5.5 were considered. To investigate the optimum washing condition, indigo dyed cotton denim garments (trousers) were chosen and processed by enzyme with the concentration of 0.5% to 3.5%, temperature 40°C to 70°C and time 20 min to 60 min for the achievement with desired worn and aged effect. The effect of each parameter is discussed, and denim garment’s properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, weight loss, stiffness, water absorption, shrinkage, color fading and morphological values by SEM were evaluated. The optimized washing condition for the best value is 2% enzyme concentration at 55°C for 40 min. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15854 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 27-31

scholarly journals THE UTILIZATION OF PARAGIS GRASS (Eleusine indica) AS CELLULOSE-BASED BIOPLASTIC FILM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Na yad ◽  
Maribel L. ◽  
Is on ◽  
Michael Jomar B ◽  
Ma ningas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Bioplastic Film

The goal of this research is to create biodegradable plastics made from Paragis grass (Eleusine indica) cellulose-pulp that can be used as alternatives to traditional plastics. The bioplastics were made by combining cellulose pulp from paragis grass leaves, sorbitol, acetic acid, and corn starch, with a constant amount of 8g corn starch and varying amounts of cellulose pulp (20g, 30g, and 40g), as well as 10ml sorbitol and 3 ml acetic acid. Collection and processing of paragis grass, cellulose pulp manufacturing, and bioplastic film manufacture were some of the methods used. Tensile strength, biodegradability, water absorption, and water solubility tests are used to characterize bioplastic. The mechanical properties testing shown that bioplastic produced with variation of corn starch to paragis grass cellulose pulp ratio had a tensile strength of 0.549 MPa, 0.878 MPa and 1.03 MPa; elongation at break (%) of 7.33%, 6.97% and 6.54%; biodegradability (weight loss) of 91.65%; 90.05%; and 69.46%; water absorption (weight gain) of 91.80%, 83.06% and 53.74%; and water solubility (weight loss) of 86.96%, 66.46% and54.91% respectively. The study found that Treatment 3 (40g paragis grass) has higher tensile strength (1.03 MPa) and tear strength, ability to degrade in four weeks, low water absorption (53.74%), and water solubility (54.91%).The result showed that cellulose-pulp from Paragis grass leaves could be used to make bioplastic. This research would aid in the reduction of plastic waste that pollutes the Earth’s soil, air, and water, as well as the mitigation of its consequences. It can also help reduce environmental pollution by using biodegradable plastic.

Properties of Random PSF/PES Copolymers as High-Performance Polymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1606-1610
Author(s):  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Xiao Ran Zhang ◽  
Yan Mei Ma ◽  
Cheng You Ma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
High Performance Polymers ◽  
Diphenyl Sulfone

A series of random polysulfone/polyethersulfone (PSF/PES) copolymers were synthesized by the polycondensation of 4, 4'-isopropylidendiphenol, 4, 4΄-dihyolroxy diphenyl sulfone and 4, 4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of K2CO3. We obtained a series of copolymers by changing the molar ratio of 4, 4΄-dihyolroxy diphenyl sulfone and 4, 4'-isopropylidendiphenol (it was marked as the ratio of S:A). The copolymers have the similar solubility with polyethersulfone. They also have high glass transition temperatures (Tg: 199°C~229°C) and 5% weight loss temperatures (4, 4'-isopropylidendiphenol: 4, 4΄-dihyolroxy diphenyl sulfone=1:1, Td5=497°C). At the same time the elongation at break is much higher than that of PES, while the tensile strength is a little lower than that of PES.

Tensile and water absorption properties of solvent cast biofilms of sugarcane leaves fibre-filled poly(lactic) acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhananthan Nanthakumar ◽  
Chan Ming Yeng ◽  
Koay Seong Chun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This research covers the preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sugarcane leaves fibre (SLF) biofilms via a solvent-casting method. The results showed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. Nevertheless, the elongation at break showed an opposite trend as compared to tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms. Moreover, water absorption properties of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. In contrast, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms were enhanced after bleaching treatment with hydrogen peroxide on SLF, but the elongation at break and water absorption properties of bleached biofilms were reduced due to the improvement of filler–matrix adhesion in biofilms. The tensile and water properties were further discussed using B-factor and Fick’s law, respectively. Furthermore, the functional groups of unbleached and bleached SLF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis.

Preparation and characterizations of ternary biodegradable blends composed of polylactide, poly(ε-caprolactone), and wood flour

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Tzu Liao ◽  
Chin-San Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
High Price ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Elongation At Break

Abstract Melt blending of polylactide (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and wood flour (WF) was performed in an effort to overcome the major drawbacks (brittleness and high price) of PLA. In addition, the acrylic acid (AA)-grafted PLA70PCL30 (PLA70PCL30-g-AA) was used as the alternative for the preparation of ternary blends to improve the compatibility and the dispersability of WF within the PLA70PCL30 matrix. As expected, PCL improved the elongation at break and the toughness of PLA but decreased the tensile strength and modulus. Because the hydrophilic WF is dispersed physically in the hydrophobic PLA70PCL30 matrix, as the result of Fourier transform infrared analysis, the mechanical properties of PLA70PCL30 became noticeably worse when it was blended with WF. This problem was successfully conquered by using PLA70PCL30-g-AA to replace PLA70PCL30 due to the formation of an ester carbonyl group between PLA70PCL30-g-AA and WF. Furthermore, the PLA70PCL30-g-AA/WF blend provided a plateau tensile strength at break when the WF content was up to 50 wt%. PLA70PCL30/WF exhibited a tensile strength at break of approximately 3–25 MPa more than PLA70PCL30-g-AA/WF. By using p-cresol and tyrosinase, the enzymatic biodegradable test showed that PLA70PCL30-g-AA is somewhat more biodegradable than PLA70PCL30 because the former has better water absorption. After 16 weeks, the weight loss of the PLA70PCL30/WF (50 wt%) composite was >80%. PLA70PCL30-g-AA/WF exhibited a weight loss of approximately 1–12 wt% more than PLA70PCL30-g-AA/WF. It was also found that the addition of WF to PLA70PCL30 or PLA70PCL30-g-AA decreased the crystallinity of PLA and PCL in PLA70PCL30 or PLA70PCL30-g-AA and then increased their biodegradable property.

scholarly journals Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. TANADA-PALMU ◽  
H. HELÉN ◽  
L. HYVÖNEN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Bilayer Film ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Elongation At Break

Edible films from wheat gluten were prepared with various amounts of glycerol as a plasticizer. Water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, tensile strength and percentage elongation at break at different water activities ( aw ) were measured. Films with low amounts of glycerol had lower water vapor and oxygen permeabilities, higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break. Wheat gluten coatings reduced weight loss during two weeks of storage for cherry tomatoes and sharon fruits compared to uncoated controls. A bilayer film of wheat gluten and beeswax significantly lowered weight loss from coated cheese cubes compared to single layer coating of wheat gluten.;

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polyvinyl Pirrolidone (PVC) /Κ-Carrageenan Hydrogel Prepared by Gamma Radiation Processing As a Function of Dose and PVP Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erizal Erizal ◽  
Tjahyono Tjahyono ◽  
Dian PP ◽  
Darmawan Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Gel Fraction ◽  
Radiation Technique

The aim of this research is to prepare a biomaterial to be used in health care. A series of hydrogels based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/κ-Carrageenan (KC) has been prepared by radiation technique. PVP (5-15%) were mixed with ΚC (2%) and irradiated by gamma rays at the doses from 25 kGy to 35 kGy (dose rate 7 kGy/h) at room temperature. The chemical change of hydrogels was characterized using Fourier Transform infra Red (FTIR). Gel fraction, water absorption and water evaporation were determined gravimetrically. Tensile strength and elongation at break was measured using Instron meter. It was found that with the increase irradiation dose and PVP concentration, the gel fraction and tensile strength of hydrogels increase. In contrast the elongation at break and water absorption of hydrogels decrease. The hydrogel of PVP/KC hydrogel produced by gamma radiation can be considered for wound dressings.

scholarly journals Water-swellable rubber blend from epoxidized natural rubber and superabsorbent polymer composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaman Adair ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Pairote Klinpituksa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Water Swelling

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and a superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC) along with other minor components were mechanically blended in an internal mixer (Brabender Plasticorder) at 40°C and 60 r/min rotor speed with 80% fill factor. The SAPC was synthesized by grafting polyacrylamide onto hydroxyethyl cellulose backbones and adding bentonite clay. The first water-swelling behavior was investigated with alternative epoxidation levels of the ENR. Water-swellable rubber (WSR) performed well in terms of water absorbency, and weight loss was achieved with 50 mole% epoxidation level, so this ENR was chosen for the rubber matrix from which WSR was prepared with various contents of SAPC (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr). The results indicated that SAPC loading positively affected water absorbency, which was resulted by increasing weight loss and loss of mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation at break. However, the modulus increased with SAPC content. WSR formulated from ENR-50, SAPC, and other ingredients resulting in good water-swelling behaviors and modulus, while the tensile strength and elongation at break had opposition. SAPC was an important factor to control the overall WSR properties.

Synthesis and properties of random polysulfone/polyethersulfone copolymers as high-performance polymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Nan Zhang ◽  
Shu-Ling Zhang ◽  
Yan-Hua Yang ◽  
Hong-Yi Qin ◽  
Dong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
High Performance Polymers

Abstract A series of random polysulfone/polyethersulfone (PSF/PES) copolymers were synthesized by the polycondensation of 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol, 4,4′-dihydroxyldiphenylsulfone, and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone in the presence of potassium carbonate. The resulting copolymers displayed similar solubility with PSF and PES. The glass transition temperature and the 5% weight loss temperature of these copolymers varied in the range of 199°C–299°C and 467°C–498°C, respectively, which showed excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the elongation at break of these copolymers was much higher than that of PES, whereas the tensile strength was a little lower.

Preparation and Properties of Composite Films from Poly(Butylene Succinate), Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) and Zeolite

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Nattakarn Hongsriphan ◽  
Nitinon Viratchaiboot ◽  
Prechapol Indrasook ◽  
Sahapat Hanbuakaeo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Zeolite Content ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was blended with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in weight ratios of 80/20 and 70/30 wt%. Zeolite4A and zeolite13X of 1, 2, and 3 wt% were added which polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to improve compatibility. The blends and composites were compounded and extruded into thin films. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were studied. Water absorption was also investigated. The results showed that adding PEG enhanced elongation at break of the PBS70/PBAT30 film due to plasticizing effect. Better miscibility between PBS and PBAT was observed after adding PEG. Nevertheless, zeolite particles reduced elongation at break of composite films. The composite films with zeolite13X had higher tensile strength but lower elongation at break than those with zeolite4A. The degree of crystallinity increased significantly in the PBS70/PBAT30 film. The 24-hour water absorption of the blends was higher than that of neat PBS film and was higher with respect to zeolite content.

scholarly journals Chitosan Composite of Crab Shell and Hydroxyapatite of Tuna Fish Bone as Biomaterials for Guided Tissue Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Thamrin Wikanta ◽  
Erizal Erizal ◽  
Sugiyono Sugiyono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Soaking Time

The needs of membrane biomaterials to prevent the migration process of epithelial cells into the bony area after tooth withdrawal process, for filler the holed tooth and to cure gingivitis have increased significantly. In this study, a biomembranes composed of chitosan (CTS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared. CTS was made of crab shell and HA was made of tuna fish bone. There were 4 groups of treatments, i.e.: K0: only 4 g CTS as a control; K1: combination of 4 g CTS and 2 g HA; K2: combination of 4 g CTS and 4 g HA; and K3: combination of 4 g CTS and 6 g HA. The dried and solid membrane was soaked in 5% Na2SO3 for 1 hour, and then dried in oven at 60 0C for 24 hours. The composite membrane properties, i.e.: water absorption, biodegradation, tensile strength, elongation at break, functional group (by FTIR), and microstructure (by SEM) were evaluated. Result showed that the increasing of HA content in membrane will decreasing the water absorption. The increasing of HA content in membrane and soaking time in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), can increase in biodegradation rate. The biodegradation rate of membrane was about 4.44-6.01% during 27 days of soaking time. The increasing soaking time in PBS can decrease the tensile strength of membrane at about 18.33%-21.17% and decreased the elongation at break at about 26.64%-59.94%. FT-IR analysis indicated that there was a crosslinking between a CTS-HA composite membrane and Na2SO3. Among all the composites studied, CTS-HA (4/2 g/g) composite membrane is the best one for Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR).

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