Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
KM Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Mohimanul Hoque ◽  
M Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14

scholarly journals Prevalent Bacteria and Their Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern to Antibiotics: A Study in Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Akhtarun Naher ◽  
Pratyay Hasan ◽  
Kazi Tuba E Mozazfia ◽  
Homyra Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background and rationale: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Many factors are complexly related to the issue in multiple dimensions. Bangladesh is right in the middle of this great calamity, and is seeing the rise in resistant strains of several bacteria. Very sadly, the prevalent malpractice of abusing antibiotics in Bangladesh contributes to add complexity to the danger which may prove to be possibly the greatest threat humans have ever faced. There is much scarcity of medical literature in Bangladesh, on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and prevalent microorganisms. Moreover, antibiotic sensitivity pattern changes over time and place. Again, most of the studies done in Bangladesh, concentrate on a single disease, pathogen, or specimen. This study attempts to see the prevalent microorganisms and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in multiple types of specimens collected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This study also attempts to establish a way of presentation of the relevant findings which can be used in future to ensure easy comparability and contrasting of findings.Methods: The specimens were collected from the adult patients (age >12 years) admitted in the Internal Medicine ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 6 months. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling method. Specimens which were culture positive, were only included in the study for analysis. Multiple specimens were taken.Results: S. aureus was 100% sensitive to amikacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, vancomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, azactum, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefixime. Enterobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, vancomycin. E. coli was 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, vancomycin, tigecycline and 100% resistant to mecillinam, aztreonam. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to flucloxacillin, colistin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid and 100% resistant to nalidixic acid. Proteus was 100% sensitive to cephradine, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tetracycline, tigecycline, azithromycin, azactum and 100% resistant to doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefuroxime. Pseudomonas was 100% sensitive only to amikacin, netilmicin, and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, doxycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Salmonella typhi was 100% sensitive to amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, netilmicin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, azactum and 100% resistant to cephradine, doxycycline, tetracycline, nalidixic acid. MRSA was 100% sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefpirome, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, tetracycline, clarithromycin. Acinetobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, cefuroxime, colistin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and 100% resistant to cefixime, nalidixic acid. Citrobacter freundii was 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, nalidixic acid and 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefixime, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion: More and more antibiotics are becoming ineffective due to emergence of resistance. Serious actions should be taken. Awareness should be raised from the policy maker level to the physicians and patients.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 52-64

scholarly journals Re-Emargence of Susceptibility to Conventional First Line Drugs in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi a Isolated from Enteric Fever Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Maiz Ul Ahad Suman ◽  
Md Abdullah Siddique ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Abu Rayhan Khandakar
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
First Line ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Enteric fever is endemic in Bangladesh and involves significant health care cost. The first-line drugs chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole have not been the part of empirical therapy for decades due to development of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from the blood of clinically suspected enteric fever patients. A cross sectional study was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital & Dhaka Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. Total 323 blood samples were collected from suspected enteric fever patients and isolation rate of Salmonella was 9.29% [S.typhi (3.41%), and S.paratyphi A (5.88%)]. Among isolated S.typhi, 9.09% were resistant to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and cefixime and there were no S.typhi resistant to azithromycin and cefotaxime. Among the isolated S.paratyphi A, 5.26% were resistant to chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, azithromycin, cefotaxime, and cefixime. There were no ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella. Low proportion of resistance to first line antibiotics (chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole) suggests that these drugs can be used once again. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 3-5

scholarly journals Pattern of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Enteric Fever: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Rahat Afroze ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hasna Fahmima Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Objectives: To describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofSalmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi from blood culture specimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine, BIRDEM from July 2009 to June 2012. Standard laboratory and microbiological procedures were followed for blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Among the 97 blood culture positive samples, S. typhi was 71 (73.2%) and S. paratyphi was 26 (26.8%). Multi-drug resistant strains of S. typhi and S. paratyphi were 23 (32.4%) and 3 (11.5%) cases respectively. Azithromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin resistance was also found in a good number of cases (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 71.8% and 57.7%, 42.3% and 30.8%, 38% and 34.6%, 38% and 26.9% and 38% and 26.9% cases respectively). Nineteen (31.1%) of the 61ciprofloxacin sensitive organisms were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 100% of S. typhi and S. paratyphi. Cefixim, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem were among the most common sensitive antibiotics (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 83.1% and 73.1%, 62% and 65.4%, 53.5% and 65.4%, 76.1% and 65.4% cases respectively). Conclusion: Ceftriaxone was the most sensitive antibiotic for treating enteric fever followed by cefixim, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. However, in suspected cases of enteric fever, blood culture should be requested before prescribing antibiotic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20684 J MEDICINE 2014; 15 : 122-124

scholarly journals Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi isolated from blood culture in a referral hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulbul Hasan ◽  
Sabera Gul Nahar ◽  
Laila Akter ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

The present study has been carried out in an attempt to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with special reference to susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi to ciprofloxacin isolated from blood culture. The study is also designed to find out the MIC of Ciprofloxacin by E- test. Blood samples were taken for culture sensitivity, Widal test and ICT from 100 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever in 1st week of illness who attended at out patient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH).The study was done in Microbiology Department of Rajshahi Medical College and Shishu Hospital, Dhaka. Diagnosis of patients was based on history of fever, blood culture, Widal test and ICT. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from blood culture was recorded. Further more, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ciprofloxacin was determined by E-test for the isolates resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Out of 100 suspected cases of typhoid fever, blood culture positive for S. Typhi were 16 (16%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 16 isolates of S. Typhi showed that no isolate was resistant to Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime, only 03(18.75%) were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin whereas 10(62.5%) were MDR showing resistance to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole and Chloramphenicol which are first-line antityphoidal drugs. On the other hand, all (100%) the isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid. The study revealed that Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime are the most effective drugs in the treatment of typhoid fever. Moreover, E-test has been found to be helpful to determine appropriate therapeutic dose of Ciprofloxacin especially in case of drug resistance and pediatric population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15816 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (01): 16-20

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Stethoscope in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Khandaker Md Faisal Alam ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
Atike Mahmud ◽  
MM Washee Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Bacterial contamination of stethoscope and its role in transmission of nosocomial infection is little known among the healthcare workers of Bangladesh. The objectives of our study is to evaluate stethoscope handling and cleaning practices, to find out the bacterial agents contaminating the stethoscopes, to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from stethoscopes, and to evaluate the relationship between stethoscope cleaning practices with contamination of stethoscope in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. This observational cross sectional study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during March, 2017. One hundred doctors working in different departments of RMCH were chosen randomly and were asked to fill up a self-explanatory simple questionnaire. Samples from100 stethoscopes were obtained after swabbing the diaphragm and the bell of the stethoscope with a sterile swab moistened with saline. These swabs were immediately streaked onto blood agar, Mcconkey agar and chocholate agar following the standard protocol. Out of 100 stethoscopes examined for bacterial contamination, 19 stethoscopes (19%) were found to be contaminated. The organisms isolated were MRSA, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli. Among the 19 participants with bacterial contamination of stethoscope, 6 doctors (31.6%) said they used to clean their stethoscope at least occasionally and 13 doctors (68.4%) had never cleaned their stethoscope. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p value <0.005).TAJ 2017; 30(2): 1-6

scholarly journals Study of Clinical Profile and Antibiotic Response in Typhoid Fever at Faridpur Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Aloke Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Lakshman Chandra Kundu ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Saha ◽  
Poly Begum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Response

The objectives of this present study is to evaluate the clinical profile and pattern of various drugs used in the treatment of typhoid fever. A retrospective analysis of Paediatric patients suffering from typhoid fever was done at Department of Paediatrics, Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur during the year 2015-2016. Diagnosis of patients was based on clinical features, Widal test and blood culture. The sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture was recorded. The mode of presentation, clinical course, treatment history, laboratory investigations reports, antibiotic administered, response to therapy and the complications were recorded. Total number of 50 cases of typhoid fever were studied. Out of these 23 (46%) were males and 27 (54%) were females. Average age of presentation was 8.2 years. Average duration of hospital stay was 10.8 days. Fever was present in all patients. Resistance of S. typhi to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were significantly high. Ciprofloxacin also showed resistance in 21.4% of cases. Sensitivity to cephalosporin was 100% in our study. Ciprofloxacin was the most commonly used antibiotic in our study (26 patients). Chloramphenicol alone was used in 2 patients and in 3 patients it was given after 6 days of ciprofloxacin treatment. Third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) alone were used in 10 patients. Indiscriminate use of drugs in typhoid fever should be discouraged. Appropriate antibiotic as indicated by sensitivity tests should be employed to prevent the development of resistant strains of S. typhi.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2017;12(1): 2-4

scholarly journals Current Clinical Profile of Enteric Fever in a Teaching Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Shahriar Kabir ◽  
MA Azhar ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽  
Iftekhar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
Medical Wards

This study was designed to assess the current of clinical presentations, complications andprognosis of enteric fever cases in Bangladeshi population and also to assess the antimicrobialsensitivity of the causative organisms. A total of 65 patients, with either fever of any durationwith positive blood culture for Salmonella, of fever of more than a week with strong clinicalevidence of enteric fever along with single Widal titre TO >160 of AO >160 or BO> 160, wereselected from indoor medical wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from August 2000 toMay 2001. Blood culture with sensitivity pattern, Widal tests and relevant investigations weredone in all patients. Majority (87.70%) of the patients presented on the second or third week oftheir illness. Other clinical profiles of the patients were comparable to different studies done inour country and in abroad. Common complications were pneumonia, meningitis and typhoidpsychosis. Isolated salmonellae from blood culture were 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin andPefloxacin. Two out of sixty five patients (3.07%) expired due to complications.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3914TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 81-83

scholarly journals Detection and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Gardnerella vaginalis Isolated from Bacterial Vaginosis Patients Attending Chittagong Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Nura Nasrin Rowshan Ara ◽  
Md Anwar Husain ◽  
Nasima Akter ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Now a day’s bacterial vaginosis is an extremely common health problem for women in the world which causes many complications both in the pregnancy and non-pregnancy states. G. vaginalis is most important cause of bacterial vaginosis.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted to detect G. vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis and their sensitivity patterns on patients attending at the outpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong. A total of 170 sexually active female in the age group of 15-45 years, with abnormal vaginal discharge were selected for the study. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination of all the cases were done.Results:In this study 38(22.35%) Gardnerella vaginalis were isolated by culture and bacterial vaginosis was detected by different methods 47(27.65%). Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats. So antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the organisms should be done at regular intervals.Conclusion: In this study Gardnerella vaginalis showed high (52.63%) resistant to most commonly used metronidazole and 100% sensitive to clindamycin.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 48-53

scholarly journals Clinico-laboratory Profile of Enteric Fever and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Hospitalized Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Farhana Rahat ◽  
NK Ghosh ◽  
Kazi Iman ◽  
Morsheda Khanam ◽  
Azmeri Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture Positivity Rate

Background: Enteric fever is endemic in Bangladesh. This is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profiles, culture positivity rate and sensitivity pattern of Salmonella enterica.Methodology: This was an observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January to December, 2017. Total 120 children who had enteric fever diagnosed either by positive blood culture or widal test with significant titre for Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi were enrolled in the study.Results: Fever and abdominal pain were the main presenting symptoms. Leucocyte and platelet count were normal whereas ALT and CRP found to be elevated. Culture positivity rate in our study was 43.33%. Of the culture positive isolates, 88.46% were Salmonella Typhi and 11.53% were Salmonella Paratyphi. All the isolates were sensitive to third and fourth generation cephalosporins while 79.54% showed intermediate sensitivity to ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: A good sensitivity to third and fourth generation cephalosporins against Salmonella was noted whereas ciprofloxacin found to be less sensitive. Ceftriaxone showed remarkable efficacy when used as monotherapy.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42(2) :54-57

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