scholarly journals Prevalence of Selected Non-Metric Dental Traits in Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese Ethnic Groups of Western Hilly Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Santosh Kandel ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
Alok Atreya
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Dental Traits

Introduction: Additional anatomic features present on teeth are called non-metric dental traits. Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling are such traits which are mostly evaluated for identification of ethnicity. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling among Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese ethnic group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from March 22 to June 22 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. The study was conducted among 274 patients and convenient sampling method was applied. Data were analyzed by the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among 274 cases, 153 (55.84%) cases were Indo-Nepalese and 121 (44.16%) were TibetoNepalese. Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was noticed in 87 (56.86%) of Indo-Nepalese and 45 (37.19%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Shovelling (11, 12, 21, 22) was present in 47 (30.71%) Indo-Nepalese and 79 (65.28%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Further, Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was found in 77 (53.10%) females and 55 (55.12%) males. Shovelling was present in 75 (51.72%) females and 51 (39.53%) males. Bilateralism with respect to Carabelli’s cusp was present in 82 (62.2%) cases. Presence of bilateral shovelling on upper central incisors and lateral central incisors were among 117 (94.35%) and 56 (91.80%) respectively. Conclusions: Carabelli’s cusps are frequently found in Indo-Nepalese ethnic group and shovelling of teeth most commonly present in Tibeto-Nepalese population. Further, bilaterism for shovelling of teeth is more common than bilaterism for cusp of Carabelli.

scholarly journals Anxiety among Nursing Students towards Clinical Placement during COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhya Banstola ◽  
Nona Shakya ◽  
Pushpa Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Placement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Approval

Introduction: The world is facing the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the corona virus since December 2019 and has caused millions of death throughout the world. Exposure of nursing students in clinical placement during pandemic is fearful and stressful with high risk of infection which can cause anxiety and different levels of psychological crisis to individuals. The main objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of anxiety among nursing students during clinical placement in the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 144 nursing students enrolled in different clinical placement of a tertiary hospital of Nepal from 20th January 2021 to 2nd February 2021. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee. Demographic, COVID-19 related and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires was used for assessing anxiety. Whole sampling was done. Descriptive statistics was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 2016 version. Results: Out of 144 females enrolled in the study, all the nursing students 144 (100%) having clinical placement had anxiety. Among them, 117 (81%) had mild anxiety and 27 (19%) had moderate level of anxiety. All the students used coping strategies for the anxiety. The most commonly used strategy to cope with anxiety was religion (5.03±1.78). Conclusions: All the nursing students had anxiety during the clinical placement and all the students used the coping strategies for the anxiety. Majority of the nursing students had mild anxiety. Religion was most common method of strategy to cope with anxiety.

scholarly journals Mastalgia: Prevalence at a Sub-Saharan African Tertiary Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
T. Makumbi ◽  
M. Galukande ◽  
A. Gakwaya
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Western World ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Breast Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cyclical Mastalgia

Introduction. Mastalgia is a common breast condition among women referred to breast clinics worldwide. Whereas the prevalence is known in the Western world and Asia, the prevalence of the disease is unknown in many African countries. The aim of this study therefore was to determine the prevalence and describe factors associated with mastalgia among women attending a tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. A cross-sectional study was done in Kampala, Uganda. Mastalgia was defined as self-reported breast pain (unilateral or bilateral) for a period not less than two months. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 11. Ethical approval was obtained. Results. Out of the 1048 women who presented to the breast clinic during the study period, 168 (16%) were diagnosed with mastalgia in the absence of breast cancer. Noncyclical and cyclical mastalgia were 22/168 (13%) and 5/168 (3%), respectively. The onset of noncyclical category as compared to the cyclical type of mastalgia was observed to manifest before 24 years of age (P=0.006). Conclusion. Mastalgia was a common condition among women in this sub-Saharan African setting as is elsewhere. The early onset mastalgia in this sub-Saharan African study requires further exploration for determination of its risk factors.

scholarly journals SEROPOSITIVITY OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835-1839
Author(s):  
Syed Amir GilaniSyed Amir Gilani ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Ahmad Azam Malik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the occupation basedHCV prevalence in the rural communities of Punjab. Settings: Rural communities of Punjab,Pakistan. Study Design: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross sectional study. Study Period:January 2013 to June 2016. Methods: Punjab was divided into three regions. Three districtswere selected from each region and from each district three rural union councils were selected.After the approval of institutional review committee, non-probability convenience basedsampling technique was adopted and study subjects of different occupations were includedin the study. A structured questionnaire was prepared for data collection. Standard procedurefor HCV screening was observed. The collected data was organized and entered into version22 of SPSS for analysis. Results: A total of 1465 subjects related to ten different occupationsincluded in the study and tested for anti HCV antibodies, out of which 323 (22%) were positive.The prevalence was much higher in the collector of hospital garbage (67.2%) followed by factoryworkers (30.3%) and white wash painters (26.6%) respectively. The lowest prevalence rate wasobserved in black smith workers (10%) and carpenters (5.5%) only. Conclusion: This studyconclude occupation based prevalence rate of (22%) in rural Punjab. This is a high prevalencewhich need the immediate attention of the policy makers. It is recommended to manage anoccupation based hepatitis awareness and screening campaign for the affected and generalcommunity.

scholarly journals Practice of Breastfeeding and its Barriers among Women Working in Tertiary Level Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (215) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Singh Bhandari ◽  
Pratibha Manandhar ◽  
Dipesh Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Introduction: Breastfeeding provides ideal food for newborns and prevents recurrent infection and malnutrition in infants. In Nepal, breastfeeding is a universal practice but exclusive breastfeeding is low. As there is increased involvement of women in workforce, practice of breastfeeding may have been compromised. The main objective of the study was to examine the practice and barriers of breastfeeding among women working in tertiary level hospitals of Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Study participants were wom- en working in Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital and was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of both institutions. Total of 208 women were included in the study and face to face interview was conducted. Data entry and analysis was done using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS).Results: Breastfeeding practice was universal and colostrum was fed by 195 (94%) women. Pre- lacteal feeding was given by 14 (7%) women and 119 (57%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Total of 93 (45%) children were exclusively breastfed for any duration while 10 (11%) were exclusively breastfed for six months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 14.57 months and 90 (43%) started complementary feeding before six months. Total of 97 (51%) women and 42 (47%) women stated work as barrier for not exclusively breastfeeding and early complementary feeding respectively. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding was very low and children were breastfed for less than two years. Complementary feeding was also started earlier and work was stated as the main barrier for poor breastfeeding practice. Keywords: breastfeeding; complementary feeding; working women.

scholarly journals Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (240) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun ◽  
Diwakar Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Usual Site

Introduction: The main blood supply for arm is provided by the brachial artery. It shows variation in branching and termination patterns in some individuals. Variation in brachial artery may cause difficulties during various clinical and surgical procedures. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers in the department of anatomy of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 10th January 2020 to 20th April 2021 after the ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: IRC-NMCTH 280/2020). The study was done in 58 upper limbs of 29 properly embalmed cadavers. Convenient sampling was done. They were carefully dissected. The level of termination of brachial artery was noted. The length of the brachial artery and the distance between its termination and the intercondylar line of humerus was recorded. Results: Higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 3 (5.17%) extremities; one (1.72%) at middle third of arm and two (3.45%) at lower third of arm. In 52 (89.66%) extremities, the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius. The brachial artery terminated a few centimeters below its usual site at the level of upper part of shaft of the radius in 3 (5.17%) extremities. Conclusions: The prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers is slightly lower than the studies performed in similar settings. It is not an uncommon finding. It may have impact on clinical and surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Understanding Constraints and Enablers of Turnaround Time for Ethics Review: The Case of Institutional Review Boards in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110268
Author(s):  
Mwifadhi Mrisho ◽  
Zaynab Essack
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Submission ◽  
Ethics Review ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Review Boards

Background. Independent ethics review of research is required prior to the implementation of all health research involving human participants. However, ethics review processes are challenged by protracted turnaround times, which may negatively impact the implementation of socially valuable research. Previous research has documented delays in ethics review in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the extent of variability in turnaround times for protocol review among different institutional review boards (IRBs) within Tanzania. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a mixed-method approach, with qualitative and quantitative components. Seven IRBs were purposively sampled from the 15 accredited IRBs operational in Tanzania during the study period, April 2017–April 2018. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA software and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results. The median time for review across all IRBs was 32 days, with a range of 1–396 days. Qualitative results identified five key themes related to turnaround time from interviews with participants. These included: (1) procedures for receiving and distribution of protocols, (2) number of reviewers assigned to protocols, (3) duration of reviewing protocols, (4) reasons for delayed feedback, and (5) training of research ethics committee members. Conclusion. The study showed that the median days for ethical approval in Tanzania was 32 days. We observed from this study that electronic submission systems facilitated faster turnaround times. Failure to adhere to the submission checklists and guidelines was a major obstacle to the turnaround time.

scholarly journals Patients’ satisfaction with ophthalmic counselling services in a tertiary hospital in Calabar, South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Bassey Etim ◽  
Affiong Ibanga ◽  
Martha-Mary Udoh ◽  
Elizabeth Nkanga ◽  
Utam Utam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The University

Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of patients who access the Ophthalmic counselling services anchored by trained social workers of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional study of serial consenting participants was done. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Calabar Teaching hospitals’ ethics committee. Data was obtained using a semi-structured intervieweradministeredquestionnaire. Data were collated and analyzed using the SPSS for Windows (version 20, SPSS inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Modified Likert scale (very satisfied, satisfied and not satisfied) was used to rate the satisfaction level.Results: A total of 120 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled into the study. Majority of the respondents (60%) were male with an overall mean age of 45.32± 1.82. Over a quarter (28.3%) of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41-50. Glaucoma (48.3%) was the most common eye condition of the respondents. Seventy-five percent of the respondents were satisfied with the average time spent for the counselling services while 76.7% were satisfied with the overall ophthalmic counselling services they received with 46.7% believing that the service was provided by a social worker.Conclusion: Majority of the Patients were satisfied with the Ophthalmic counselling services mainly anchored by social workers. Training and retraining of allied support staff to render ophthalmic counselling services in order to ease the workload of the Ophthalmologist should be encouraged in resource-limited settings.Keywords: Patients satisfaction, ophthalmic counselling service, NigeriaFunding: None declared

scholarly journals Study of Fingerprint Patterns in Population of a Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iju Shrestha ◽  
Banshi Krishna Malla
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Composite Pattern ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: Fingerprints, serve as one of the crucial tools for identification of the individual for various purposes. Sex, being one of those tools, researchers have suggested the use of fingerprints for gender identification. The objective of the study was to observe the distribution of various fingerprints patterns in the population of a community, together with the most prevalent pattern. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the population of Duwakot VDC, Bhaktapur from May 2019 to July 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee with reference no. 2812201804. One hundred and ninety-six individuals of 18 to 60 years of age were enrolled. Fingerprints of all ten fingers were taken and studied to see the distribution pattern and analyzed for gender differences. Simple random sampling was done and the sample size was calculated with a prevalence of 50%. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Excel to find the results. Results: The study showed the highest frequency of loops 1033 (52.71%) followed by whorls 537 (27.38%), arches 300 (15.28%) and composite pattern 90 (4.61%). The radial loops were observed more in the males 397 (5.54%) of total males whereas ulnar loops were observed more in the females 636 (96.38%) of total females. Among whorls, the concentric whorls were seen more in males 245 (52.03%) whereas the spiral whorls were seen more in the females 292 (53.27%). Conclusions: For standard authenticity of the sexual dimorphism, fingerprint patterns, can also be considered for gender identification purposes

scholarly journals Prevalence of Domestic Violence among Infertile Women attending Subfertility Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (226) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajita Silwal ◽  
Bandana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Ethical Approval

Introduction: Millions of couples suffered from Infertility worldwide. Infertility can cause intenseemotional pain in women resulting in stress, anxiety and depression. Domestic violence in infertilewomen can further results in poor health status and lowers the quality of life. The objective of thisstudy is to find out the prevalence of domestic violence among infertile women attending subfertilityclinic of tertiary hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among infertile women in a tertiaryhospital from July to August 2018 after taking ethical approval. Convenient sampling was used. Faceto face interview was conducted using a structured interview schedule. Data analysis was done inthe Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were used toanalyze the data. Point estimate at 95% CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion forbinary data. Results: Domestic violence was found among 62 (55.35%) women at 95% Confidence Interval (46.15-64.55). The emotional violence accounted for 57 (50.89%), physical violence for 19 (16.96%) and sexualviolence for 18 (16.07%). The prevalence of domestic violence was more 22 (61.11%) in women withsecondary infertility than in women with primary infertility 40 (52.63%). The main perpetrators ofdomestic violence were family members 28 (45.16%). Conclusions: The study concluded that women experiencing infertility are exposed to various formsof domestic violence, emotional one being most common. Routine screening for domestic violencein infertility clinics is necessary to give affected women an opportunity to access appropriate healthcare and support services.

scholarly journals Adaptation Of Oral Hygiene Habits In Dental Professionals: A Kap Study

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan William ◽  
Deema Munir ◽  
Rabia Arshad ◽  
Shazel William
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Mouth Wash ◽  
Dental Professionals

Objective: The present survey was carried out to assess the practice and perception of dental professionals towards their own dental care. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried from May 2019 to April 2020, in Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional review board. A self- administered questionnaire was developed comprising of 20 questions among the dental personnel (Staff and BDS students) of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine Karachi, Pakistan, to assess their practice and care, regarding their own oral hygiene. Responses were collected through both, the hard copy and an online google form link. Data was evaluated for 176 complete forms. For all the asked questions, a comparison was also made between male and female candidates, and between their academic levels. For all the variable as categorical values, percentages were tabulated using SPSS 21. Results: The results indicated that not all the dental professionals had their same practice to maintain oral hygiene. Not all of them were following the proper theoretical knowledge. From their choices of toothpastes to their habits of flossing and using additional aids for maintaining oral hygiene, majority factors varied individually in spite of the fact that there is well-awareness of consequences of negligence. Conclusion: It was found that not all the dental practitioners follow the proper guidelines to maintain oral hygiene, and not all of them follow the instructions they give to their patients. Key Words: Oral Hygiene, Dental Professionals, Tooth Paste, Mouth Wash, Dentistry, Oral Hygiene Maintenance, Dental practitioners.

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