scholarly journals Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (240) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun ◽  
Diwakar Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Usual Site

Introduction: The main blood supply for arm is provided by the brachial artery. It shows variation in branching and termination patterns in some individuals. Variation in brachial artery may cause difficulties during various clinical and surgical procedures. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers in the department of anatomy of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 10th January 2020 to 20th April 2021 after the ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: IRC-NMCTH 280/2020). The study was done in 58 upper limbs of 29 properly embalmed cadavers. Convenient sampling was done. They were carefully dissected. The level of termination of brachial artery was noted. The length of the brachial artery and the distance between its termination and the intercondylar line of humerus was recorded. Results: Higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 3 (5.17%) extremities; one (1.72%) at middle third of arm and two (3.45%) at lower third of arm. In 52 (89.66%) extremities, the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius. The brachial artery terminated a few centimeters below its usual site at the level of upper part of shaft of the radius in 3 (5.17%) extremities. Conclusions: The prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers is slightly lower than the studies performed in similar settings. It is not an uncommon finding. It may have impact on clinical and surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variation in the Origin and Course of Radial Artery: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (220) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Kadel ◽  
Shanta Hada ◽  
Bishwo Prachanda Sedhain
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Cubital Fossa

Introduction: The radial artery is commonly originated from the brachial artery in the cubital fossaat the level of the neck of the radius. It is the artery of choice for coronary artery angiography,percutaneous coronary artery intervention, cannulation, and others. Radial artery anomalies likehigh origin, tortuosity, and accessory branches are associated with the failure of such procedures.The main objective of this study is to study the variation in origin and course of the radial artery incadavers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 27 formalin-fixed adult humancadavers in the Department of Anatomy, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur,Nepal, from 2075/4/2 to 2076/4/2. Ethical approval was taken on date 02/04/2075 (IRC No.2074/75/38). Altogether, 53 specimens were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling method.Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done for binary data along with frequency andproportion. The data was analyzed by and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: Out of of 53 upper limbs, forty-six (86.79%) specimens, the origin of the radial artery wasobserved to be normal in the cubital fossa, 34.5±6.31mm below the level of the intercondylar lineof the humerus with the superficial course. In seven (13.21%) specimens, the radial artery showedvariation in the origin. Among them, variations in origin were found to be from sites like the axilla,upper-middle, and lower part of the arm. One cadaver showed a tortuous radial artery bilaterally. Conclusions: This study concludes that most of the radial artery originates in the cubital fossa fromthe brachial artery with few variations.

scholarly journals Occlusal characteristics including spacing among preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Megha Pradhan ◽  
Shweta Dhital ◽  
Srijana Dahal ◽  
Ujjwal Joshi ◽  
Prabesh Sherchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Permanent Occlusion

Background: Understanding the association between morphological aspects in the primary dentition and its transition to the permanent dentition provides the possibility of predicting the final permanent occlusion. Study on the occlusal characteristics in deciduous dentition in Nepalese population is limited. This study was aimed to assess the occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition in preschool children. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 preschool children around Kathmandu valley after getting permission from Institutional Review Committee of Kath­mandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Each child fulfilling the inclusion criteria was enrolled on the study only after their assent and their parent’s consent. The primary molar relation, canine relation, overjet, overbite was assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria with the teeth in centric occlusion. Primate and physiological spaces were assessed. Data was collected and analysis was done in SPSS version 16. Results: Among the participants, (51.9%) were male and (48.1%) female. Primate spaces was seen to be absent on157 (36.3%) children. Physiological space was seen among 190 (44%) children. Flush terminal plane molar relationship was more prevalent among 294 (68%) chil­dren. Class I canine relationship was found in 257(59.5%) children. Ideal overjet was seen in 333 (77.1%) children and ideal overbite was seen among 337(78%) children. Conclusions: Favorable characteristics traits were seen in the studied population yet longi­tudinal studies are recommended to predict the possible outcome in permanent dentition.

scholarly journals Study of the Head of Human Dry Radii in a Medical College of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (223) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Muna Kadel ◽  
Trilok Pati Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Radial Head ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Common Shape

Introduction: Radius is a lateral bone of forearm. Its proximal end forms a part of elbow joint and superior radioulnar joint. Knowledge of the shape and size of radial head is essential for construction of radial head prosthesis. The objective of this study is to study the morphology of head of human dry radii. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in human dry radii in the Dissection hall of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Sanobharyang, Kathmandu, Nepal from September to October 2019. Ethical approval was taken. Altogether, 68 dry bones were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling method. Radial head was studied in respect to anteroposterior and transverse diameter, height at medial and distal end and shape. Mean and standard deviations of the parameters were obtained by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: Mean height of radial head at medial and lateral end was 0.91cm and 0.76cm respectively.  Mean anteroposterior and transverse diameter of radial head were 2.09 cm and 2.02 cm respectively. Most common shape of radial head in this study was circular in 40 radii (59%) followed by elliptical in 23 (34%). Mean depth of the superior articular facet of the radial head was 0.19 mm. Conclusions: The most common shape of radial head is elliptical but it was found to be circular  in this study. This study will be useful for orthopedic surgeons in making prosthesis of radial head.    

scholarly journals Demographic profiling of poisoning in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College - A cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Anu Kushwaha ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background: Poisoning is a very common medico-social problem in our part of the world. It significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality, which is a big concern and burden to our society. Objective: To determine the demographic profiling of poisoning in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College. Methododogy: This is a cross sectional study conducted for the period of six months from March 2017 to September 2017 at the Emergency Department Kathmandu medical college teaching hospital. The study includes the cases of poisoning brought to the above mentioned institute for management. The data thus collected was entered in the SPSS and analysed to find the poisoning profile. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Board of Kathmandu Medical College. Results: A total of 40 cases of poisoning came to Emergency Department over the period of six months of which 14 (35%) were males and 26 (65%) were females. The mean ages for males were 32.07 years and females were 26.23 years. Regarding time of consumption 42.5% of cases consumed poison at night. The most common poison consumed was Organophosphorus (55%) and next in kin was paracetamol (15%). However, type of Organophosphorus could not ascertained due to lack of information from the patent party. Conclusion: People in the productive age groups are more prone to poisoning with various products due to stress or other social economic factors. Social education and strict rules and regulation for the sale of the pesticides can be useful in containing this problem.

scholarly journals Study of Upper Pharyngeal Airway Dimension in Young Adults Visiting Orthodontic Department of a Dental College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (235) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Pushkar Manandhar ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment may affect the size and position of oropharyngeal structures altering the airway dimension. Airway dimension is considered as one of the parameter of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Narrow airway passage is associated with sleep disordered breathing. This aims to study about the measurement of upper pharyngeal airway dimension of young Nepalese adults visiting orthodontic department of a dental college. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Orthodontics, People’s Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu. Data was collected from 8th December 2020 to 28th February 2021. Ethical clearance (Reference number. 1, CH100 06, 2077/2076) was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Peoples Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Convenient Sampling technique was done. Data was collected and analysis was done using Statistical Packageof Social Sciences 16. Results: Mean upper pharyngeal airway dimension was 11.40±1.84mm and 11.68±1.96mm for male and female respectively. Upper pharyngeal airway dimension was found to be almost similar for male and female. Conclusions: Gender diversity regarding upper pharyngeal airway dimesnion was not observed in this study while other studies also revealed similarities in upper pharyngeal airway dimension between male and female, inspite of larger craniofacial dimension in males than females.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Sinus Radiography Compared to Computed Tomogram: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study from Western Region of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (224) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kiran Shrestha ◽  
Dilasma Ghartimagar ◽  
Arnab Ghosh ◽  
Adarsh Kumar Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Plain Radiograph ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Sinus Radiography

Introduction: Radiography of the paranasal sinuses is commonly used diagnostic modality. However,the trustworthiness of plain radiographic findings of paranasal sinuses is debatable. The intentionof this study was to weigh the diagnostic soundness of plain radiograph of the paranasal sinuses tothat of computed tomogram scan. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in 110 participants in Departmentof Radiology of Gandaki Medical College from November 2017 to April 2018. Ethical approval isobtained from Institution review board (Ref. No.39/074/075). Sample size was calculated takingconfidence level of 95%, expected prevalence of 14% and precision of 6.5% in population of 492098 inProvince 4 of Nepal. Random sampling method was used. Data was enter in Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences version 17 software and analysed. Results: A total of 110 participants are included in this study of which 62 (56.4%) are females and48 (43.6%) are males with an overall mean age of 34.5 years. The commonly involved sinus wasmaxillary 56 (50.9%) followed by ethmoid 33 (30%) sinus. The overall sensitivity and specificity ofdetecting sinusitis by sinus radiography is higher for maxillary sinus (89.7% and 87%) followed byethmoid (69.7% and 96.1%) and frontal (61.5% and 96.9%) sinuses. Conclusions: Sinus radiography is more sensitive for detecting pathologies in maxillary sinuses,while it is moderate for frontal, ethmoid sinuses and least for sphenoid sinuses. Diagnostic accuracyof computed tomogram scan is more, hence should be recommended to characterize the complexpathology and anatomy of the osteomeatal complex.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Substance Use among Undergraduate Students in a Medical College of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramayan Kushwaha ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniar ◽  
Bhawesh Koirala ◽  
Namita Kumari Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval

Introduction: The consumption of substances is a common practice among the medical students and their use might reduce educational and clinical performances as well as judgment of the students. This study aims to find out the prevalence of substance use among medical students in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences from 15th September 15th to December 15th 2018 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 1394/017). The study was conducted among 326 medical and dental students from first to fifth year by using the stratified sampling method. A self-reported questionnaire was developed which included types, frequency, duration, age to first use, and motives for the use of different substances. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5. Results: The prevalence of substance use among medical students of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences was 196 (61.4%) at 95% Confidence Interval (56.05-66.75%). Among substance use, the use of alcohol 190 (59.6%), tobacco 90 (28.2%), and marijuana 38 (11.9%) was more prevalent. One hundred forty four (45.2%) male students used more substances as compared to 52 (16.3%) female students. Fun sake or partying 131 (68.9%) was the main motivation of the students to use substances. Conclusions: The overall substance use among medical students was high compared to other studies. Alcohol was the most common substance misused by the student followed by tobacco and marijuana. Proper counseling and awareness programs about the potential risk of substances are recommended for the betterment of the students.

scholarly journals Anxiety among Nursing Students towards Clinical Placement during COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhya Banstola ◽  
Nona Shakya ◽  
Pushpa Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Placement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Approval

Introduction: The world is facing the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the corona virus since December 2019 and has caused millions of death throughout the world. Exposure of nursing students in clinical placement during pandemic is fearful and stressful with high risk of infection which can cause anxiety and different levels of psychological crisis to individuals. The main objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of anxiety among nursing students during clinical placement in the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 144 nursing students enrolled in different clinical placement of a tertiary hospital of Nepal from 20th January 2021 to 2nd February 2021. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee. Demographic, COVID-19 related and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires was used for assessing anxiety. Whole sampling was done. Descriptive statistics was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 2016 version. Results: Out of 144 females enrolled in the study, all the nursing students 144 (100%) having clinical placement had anxiety. Among them, 117 (81%) had mild anxiety and 27 (19%) had moderate level of anxiety. All the students used coping strategies for the anxiety. The most commonly used strategy to cope with anxiety was religion (5.03±1.78). Conclusions: All the nursing students had anxiety during the clinical placement and all the students used the coping strategies for the anxiety. Majority of the nursing students had mild anxiety. Religion was most common method of strategy to cope with anxiety.

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

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