scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of COVID-19: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
Bibechan Thapa ◽  
Sharda Acharya ◽  
Shreyasi Karki
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Obstetrical Care

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will continue affecting pregnant women with possibility of vertical transmissions. However, knowledge and evidences regarding vertical transmission of COVID-19 are just emerging. This information is very crucial in the obstetrical care of COVID-19 infected women as well as in the care of newborn born to COVID-19 positive mothers. We report a case of vertical transmission in a neonate born to asymptomatic COVID-19 infected mother. Newborn was immediately shifted to isolation nursery and formula feed was started. The nasopharyngeal swab of newborn taken at 42 hours of life tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Therefore the vertical transmission in COVID-19 is possible. Despite this, the neonatal outcome is good. Keywords: Duodenal atresia; flip flop circulation; neonates; persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

scholarly journals A neonate born to mother with COVID-19 during Pregnancy & HELLP syndrome: A possible vertical transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal kumar Mohakud ◽  
Hari KrishnaYerru ◽  
Monalisha Rajguru ◽  
Shlok Saxena ◽  
Srinitya Kollu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hellp Syndrome ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infected Mother

Abstract COVID-19 infection in newborn is uncommon, and there is doubt regarding vertical transmission of COVID-19 from an infected mother. We report a preterm neonate born to a mother with HELLP syndrome and COVID-19 pneumonia, who was COVID-19 positive (RT-PCR of tracheal aspirate) at 12 hours of age.

scholarly journals Significance of placental swab in diagnosing vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sweeney ◽  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Niazy Al Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Abstract AimsCurrently, there is limited date on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This literature review aims to investigate the possibility of fetal vertical transmission in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers by diagnosing through placental swabs.MethodsThe search terms ‘pregnant COVID-19 positive mothers’, ‘fetal vertical transmission’ and ‘placental swabs’ were used. 11 papers were selected for this review.ResultsThis literature review comprises 45 COVID-19 positive pregnant women whose placentas and neonates were also analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. 43 neonates were successfully delivered primarily via caesarean section out of 45 expectant mothers (96%). 2 mothers did not deliver due to severe preeclampsia and a miscarriage both occurring in the second trimester. 3 neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7%). We report no neonatal mortality after birth and no maternal mortality. 8 female’s placentas tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 out of a total of 45 tested (18%). Of these 8, 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in the maternal, neonatal and placental tissue.ConclusionAfter reviewing multiple studies and investigating the nature of placental physiology in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers we conclude that there is no concrete evidence of vertical transmission occurring between mother and infant. However, there are inconsistencies across the different papers used for this review and further research investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women by using RT-PCR to test the mother, placenta, vaginal fluid, breast milk and infant for SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of transmission is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Vertical transmission and clinical outcome of the neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers: a tertiary care hospital-based observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001193
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Fadila ◽  
Arun Prasad ◽  
Ambrin Akhtar ◽  
Bhabesh Kant Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Rt Pcr

BackgroundNeonatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from positive mothers to their babies has been a real concern, opening the arena of research in this area.ObjectiveTo detect the possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19-positive mothers to their neonates and the clinicopathological outcome in them.DesignA single-centre, prospective, observational study involving 47 COVID-19-positive mothers and their neonates.SettingA tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.ParticipantsNeonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers.Main outcome measuresWe investigated the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) done twice (on admission and after 24 hours of admission) in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, who tested RT-PCR positive for this virus in their nasopharyngeal swab. Clinical outcome was also assessed in these neonates during their hospital stay.ResultsOut of 47 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, four were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR. All the neonates in our study were discharged home in stable condition after management of acute complications. None of them required readmission.ConclusionVertical transmission occurs in neonates born to COVID-19-positive mothers; however, the risk is small. Majority of the neonates remain asymptomatic with good clinical outcome.

scholarly journals The first Jordanian newborn delivered to COVID-19 infected mother with no evidence of vertical transmission: A case report.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khassawneh ◽  
Wasim Khasawneh ◽  
Laila Al Zaghal ◽  
Wail Hayajneh ◽  
Fadel Abdelal
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has been recently declared by WHO a global health pandemic. Theoretically, it might affect all age groups but it is not known if vertical transmission during pregnancy occurs. We hereby report a case about the first Jordanian newborn delivered to COVID-19 infected mother. Case presentation: A late preterm female was delivered by Cesarean section to COVID-19 mother who was diagnosed after presenting with a dry cough, nasal congestion, headache, and sore throat in the context of direct contact with other confirmed patients. The infant’s clinical examination was reassuring throughout the hospital stay. COVID-19 was not detected by RT-PCR tests performed on the amniotic fluid and on two samples of the newborn’s nasopharyngeal swabs indicating no vertical transmission of the virus. After 10 days of hospital stay and following two negative consecutive RT-PCR assays on the mother’s nasopharyngeal swabs, both the mother and the infant were discharged home in stable clinical conditions. Conclusion: Vertical transmission is not likely among the routes of COVID-19 transmission. However, data about more number of deliveries to COVID-19 infected mothers is needed to support this conclusion.

scholarly journals Significance of placental swab in diagnosing vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sweeney ◽  
Niazy Al Assaf ◽  
Rizwan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Abstract AimsCurrently, there is limited date on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This literature review aims to investigate the possibility of fetal vertical transmission in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers by diagnosing through placental swabs.MethodsThe search terms ‘pregnant COVID-19 positive mothers’, ‘fetal vertical transmission’ and ‘placental swabs’ were used. 11 papers were selected for this review.ResultsThis literature review comprises 45 COVID-19 positive pregnant women whose placentas and neonates were also analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. 43 neonates were successfully delivered primarily via caesarean section out of 45 expectant mothers (96%). 2 mothers did not deliver due to severe preeclampsia and a miscarriage both occurring in the second trimester. 3 neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7%). We report no neonatal mortality after birth and no maternal mortality. 8 female’s placentas tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 out of a total of 45 tested (18%). Of these 8, 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in the maternal, neonatal and placental tissue.ConclusionAfter reviewing multiple studies and investigating the nature of placental physiology in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers we conclude that there is no concrete evidence of vertical transmission occurring between mother and infant. However, there are inconsistencies across the different papers used for this review and further research investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women by using RT-PCR to test the mother, placenta, vaginal fluid, breast milk and infant for SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of transmission is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Yang ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Specific Antibody

Objective The aim of this study is to summarize currently available evidence on vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Study Design A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Statement. Results A total of 22 studies comprising 83 neonates born to mothers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 were included in the present systematic review. Among these neonates, three were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at 16, 36, and 72 hours after birth, respectively, by nasopharyngeal swab real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests; another six had elevated virus-specific antibody levels in serum samples collected after birth, but negative RT-PCR test results. However, without positive RT-PCR tests of amniotic fluid, placenta, or cord blood, there is a lack of virologic evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission. Conclusion There is currently no direct evidence to support intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Additional RT-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are needed to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission. For pregnant women infected during their first and second trimesters, further studies focusing on long-term outcomes are needed. Key Points

scholarly journals Anaesthesia for Antenatal Diagnosed Duodenal Atresia with Undiagnosed Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Neonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-794
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bidur Kumar Dhungel ◽  
Pawan Kumar Hamal ◽  
Nabin Pokhrel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Respiratory Symptom ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Severe Hypoxemia ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Fetal Circulation

Conversion of fetal circulation to adult-type occurs immediately after birth but neonates with problems in the development of pulmonary vasculature are prone to revert back to fetal circulation. This phenomenon is known as flip-flop circulation which may be induced perioperatively and as such anesthesiologist are central to its management. We report a case of term neonate planned for repair of duodenal atresia that despite having no respiratory symptom preoperatively developed severe hypoxemia under anesthesia that was even unresponsive to 100% oxygen. The intraoperative hemodynamics of the neonate was managed along with supportive care successfully. A postoperative echocardiogram confirmed the evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.Keywords: Duodenal atresia; flip flop circulation; neonates; persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

scholarly journals Clinical course, radiological findings and late outcome in preterm infant with suspected vertical transmission born to a mother with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Farhadi ◽  
Shahrokh Mehrpisheh ◽  
Vajiheh Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammadreza Haghshenas ◽  
Aghdas Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from mother to newborn infant is doubtful, and very little is known about disease severity and neonatal outcome. Case presentation We present a preterm Iranian infant born to a Persian mother with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The mother underwent cesarean delivery, and amniotic fluid yielded a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The newborn infant showed early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed on pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR assay within 24 hours after birth, suggesting vertical transmission. Unfortunately, the mother died 14 days after delivery. We describe the clinical course and outcome of the infant up to 7 months of age. Conclusion COVID-19 infection in pregnant women may increase maternal morbidity, mortality and possibly vertical transmission in severe cases. However, it does not seem to progress to serious early or late neonatal complications.

scholarly journals Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Clinically Confirmed COVID-19 Admitted at the Philippine General Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Judith Clemente ◽  
Melissa Amosco ◽  
Ma. Bernadette R. Octavio ◽  
Sybil Lizanne Bravo ◽  
Esterlita Villanueva-Uy
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives. The effect of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women and her neonate is not well-understood, with no clear evidence for vertical transmission. This study aims to determine the maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics and the dyad’s outcomes among those infected with COVID-19 infection. Methods. An ambispective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection was conducted at the Philippine General Hospital from April to August 2020. Two hundred nine obstetric patients were included, 14 of whom consented to specimen collection to determine vertical transmission. Results. The majority of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and their neonates had good outcomes. Labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum course were generally uneventful. The all-cause maternal morbidity rate was high at 75.6 per 100 cases during the five-month study period. COVID-19 related morbidities included the development of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The in-hospital all-cause maternal mortality rate was 1.91 per 100 cases. The causes of maternal death were acute respiratory failure, septic shock, and congenital heart disease (atrial septal defect with Eisenmengerization). The in-hospital, all-cause neonatal mortality rate was 1.04 per 100 neonates of cases. The lone mother and infant deaths were in a postmortem rt-PCR swab negative mother with an rt-PCR swab positive live neonate who eventually succumbed after nine days of life. All 14 dyads with collected specimens that included amniotic fluid, placental tissue, umbilical cord, and neonate nasopharyngeal swab tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR. Conclusion. The prognosis for COVID-19 infected pregnant patients was generally good, with most of the patients discharged improved. Almost all of the neonates born to COVID-19-infected mothers were stable-term infants. There was no evidence for vertical transmission, as shown by negative rt-PCR results for all the additional specimens obtained. In general, the prognosis for COVID-19 infected dyads was good. The majority of the mothers were discharged well with their term infants. All possible maternal sources of COVID-19 infection to the neonate tested negative. This study provided no evidence for vertical transmission.

Scoring System for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farouk Allam
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Due to the international spread of COVID-19, the difficulty of collecting nasopharyngeal swab specimen from all suspected patients, the costs of RT-PCR and CT, and the false negative results of RT-PCR assay in 41% of COVID-19 patients, a scoring system is needed to classify the suspected patients in order to determine the need for follow-up, home isolation, quarantine or the conduction of further investigations. A scoring system is proposed as a diagnostic tool for suspected patients. It includes Epidemiological Evidence of Exposure, Clinical Symptoms and Signs, and Investigations (if available). This scoring system is simple, could be calculated in a few minutes, and incorporates the main possible data/findings of any patient.

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