scholarly journals A quick PCR-based method for identification of Melolontha melolontha and Melolontha hippocastani (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Anna Tereba ◽  
Marzena Niemczyk
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The common cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) and the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani) are among the most destructive insect pests in many European countries. Larvae feed on the roots of numerous plant species, thus inflicting severe damage and heavy economic losses. The two species are often discussed together because they are difficult to distinguish during the larval stage.However, they differ slightly in ecology and development. The aim of this study was to develop a quick PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) method for easily identifying the two Melolonthaspecies through tissue samples or larvae, when reliable morphological identification is lacking. The strength of the method was tested on 43 M. melolonthaand 37 M. hippocastani individuals. We demonstrate that the technique is rapid and inexpensive, with strong implications for the effective management of these insect pests.

scholarly journals Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Neves Costa ◽  
James da Silva Hoelhert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
De Se ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.

First detection and dominance of Nosema ceranae in Hungarian honeybee colonies

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Tapaszti ◽  
Petra Forgách ◽  
Csaba Kővágó ◽  
László Békési ◽  
Tamás Bakonyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Asian Honeybee ◽  
European Honeybee

Microsporidiosis (nosema disease) of the European honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) is present in bee colonies worldwide. Until recently, Nosema apis had been regarded as the causative agent of the disease, which may have many negative effects on the colony and cause heavy economic losses in apicultures. Another microsporidium species, Nosema ceranae , was reported to infest the Asian honeybee ( Apis ceranae ), but both honeybee species are susceptible to both microsporidia. In the European honeybee N. ceranae was first detected in Spain in the year 2006. As it is difficult to distinguish N. ceranae and N. apis morphologically, a rapid and accurate assay has been developed to differentiate N. apis and N. ceranae based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the partial large subunit ribosomal RNA. The assay was tested on 38 Nosema -infested bee samples, which were collected from geographically distant Hungarian bee colonies representing all regions of the country. Only one sample contained N. apis , and in the other 37 samples N. ceranae was detected, which indicates the dominance of N. ceranae in Hungarian apiaries. This is the first report on the presence of N. ceranae in Hungary.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Domestic Ducks in Hunan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yan Lv ◽  
He-Liang Zheng ◽  
Wen-He Yang ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
New Information ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoan parasites that infect warm-blooded animals, and cause major economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. However, little is known about the genotypes of T. gondii and N. caninum in domestic ducks in China. Herein, brain samples from 588 domestic ducks from Hunan province in China were examined for the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii B1 gene and N. caninum NC-5 gene. Forty-five DNA samples (7.7%; 95% CI: 5.5–9.9) were positive for B1 gene, and two (0.3%; 95% CI: 0–0.7) were positive for NC-5 gene. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii infection were age and sex. The 45 samples positive for T. gondii were genotyped using multi-locus PCR-RFLP analysis and only one sample was fully genotyped as ToxoDB#9 (Chinese I). These results provide new information about the epidemiology of T. gondii and N. caninum in ducks in Hunan province in China. The data also highlight the importance of a “One Health” approach to dealing with toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Association Of Mir-196a (Rs11614913) And Mir-499 (Rs3746444) With Ischemic Stroke An Iranian Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Pourjafar ◽  
Halimeh Zare ◽  
Maryam Kohan ◽  
Negar Azarpira
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Function ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Objective: MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as atherosclerosis. Genetic polymorphisms in microRNA may affect its biogenesis and function. The aim of this study was to examine whether microRNA polymorphisms (mir-196a rs11614913 and mir-499 rs3746444) contribute to the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: Genotyping was performed in 85 patients and 105 normal control, using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results: In respect of rs11614913, significant association was observed between CC (P=0.003; OR= 0.41; CI=0.21 – 0.79), and TT (P=0.025; OR=2.22; CI=1.04 –4.8) genotypes. The inheritance of T allele increased the risk of ischemic stroke. There was a significant association between the GA genotype frequency of rs3746444 (P=0.01; OR= 0.41; CI=0.23– 0.87). TDiscussion: The present study provided evidence that the mir-196a and mir-499 polymorphisms are associated with a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke in Iranian population. The common genetic polymorphism in pre-microRNAs may be contributed to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and represented as novel markers for stroke susceptibility.     

scholarly journals Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Neves Costa ◽  
James Da Silva Hoelhert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
De Se ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.

Detection of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Species from Tissue Samples of Cattle and Buffaloes by PCR and PRA (PCR-RFLP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallvi Slathia ◽  
Deepti Narang ◽  
Mudit Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Hsp65 Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens and some of them may cause disease in humans and animals causing pulmonary infections, mastitis, lesions in respiratory tract and lymph nodes of cattle, due to which they are being recognized worldwide and also interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Methods: The present study was conducted for detection of nontuberculous mycobacterial species (NTM) in tissue samples (with and without tubercle lesions) in cattle and buffaloes from postmortem hall GADVASU, Ludhiana. Polymerase Chain Reaction and PCR-RFLP which involved hsp65 gene amplification (439 bp) and restriction analysis of amplified product was performed on 30 tissue samples for detection of nontuberculous mycobacterial species. Result: Three out of 30 samples showed hsp65 gene amplification and 2 were identified as M. kansasii using restriction analysis technique and one could not be identified as the RFLP patterns was different from other known PCR-RFLP profiles. NTM such as M. kansasi may cause infection in animals and PRA (PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis) technique was found to be a rapid tool for identification and differentiation of NTM upto species level.

Molecular and morphological discrimination betweenTylospora fibrillosaandTylospora asterophoramycorrhizae

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Eberhardt ◽  
Lutz Walter ◽  
Ingrid Kottke
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time

Among the mycorrhizal types of spruce, Tylospora-type mycorrhizae are the most constant and abundant. Two species of the genus Tylospora occur in Europe, Tylospora fibrillosa and Tylospora asterophora. Mycorrhizae of T. asterophora are described in detail for the first time. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal genes were obtained from T. fibrillosa and T. asterophora mycorrhizae, sporocarps, and cultured mycelium. Discrimination and identification of the two species by ITS polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) are discussed in the light of inter- and intra-specific variability. Species-specific PCR primers were designed to distinguish both species. Molecular screening of Tylospora-type mycorrhizae from field material led to unambiguous results, whereas morphological identification is likely to fail because of great similarity even at the microscopic level.Key words: Tylospora asterophora, Tylospora fibrillosa, ectomycorrhizae, taxon specific primers (TSOPs), ITS sequences.

scholarly journals Butyrylcholinesterase Genes in Individuals with Abnormal Inhibition Numbers and with Trace Activity: One Common Mutation and Two Novel Silent Genes

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Chandra Dey ◽  
Masato Maekawa ◽  
Kayoko Sudo ◽  
Takashi Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Direct Dna Sequencing ◽  
Silent Genes ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
New Mutations

A random population was screened for abnormal dibucaine and fluoride numbers (DN & FN) to find some common mutations in butyrylcholinesterase ( BCHE) gene. Of 2375 unrelated individuals, 10 were found to have low DN and FN and were selected for further studies. DNA analysis of these hypocholinesterasemics revealed that seven patients were heterozygous for missense mutation at codon 330 (TTA to ATA; BCHE*330I). The frequency of BCHE*330I mutation was calculated to be at least 0.29% among the Japanese. On the other hand, two novel mutations were found in three families and two individuals including probands whose enzyme activity was very low (silent gene). Polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used for identification of the common and known mutation types such as BCHE*250P (ACT to CCT), BCHE*365R (GGA to CGA), and BCHE*539T (GCA to ACA; K-polymorphism), whereas PCR-SSCP was used in combination with direct DNA sequencing for new mutations like BCHE*446V (TTT to GTT) and BCHE*451X (GAA to TAA).

scholarly journals Analysis of K-ras gene codon 12 mutation in pancreatic tissue of patients with pancreatic cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolic ◽  
S. Knezevic ◽  
Mila Krsmanovic ◽  
M. Micev ◽  
M. Ristanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Ras Gene ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ras Mutation ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Given

The aim of this study was to analyze K-ras codon 12 mutation in the pancreatic tissue of Serbian patients with pancreatic cancer and assess whether the given mutation can be used as a molecular marker for this disease. The study was performed on pancreatic tissue samples obtained from 40 patients with clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The presence of K-ras codon 12 mutation was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Our study showed that K-ras mutation is present with a high frequency (66%) in the pancreatic tissue of patients with pancretic cancer.

scholarly journals Detection and characterisation of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Kuan Hua Khor ◽  
Siti Khairani Bejo ◽  
Seng Fong Lau ◽  
Mazlina Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. In humans, a wide range of symptoms had been described but in dogs, it is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information with regards to the common serovars causing leptospiral infection in dogs remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the occurrences of leptospiral infection in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Malaysia. Results Based on microscopic agglutination test, 42.7% (53/124) of the dogs were seropositive for leptospiral infection. The predominant serovars detected were Bataviae (n = 12), Javanica (n = 10) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10). The direct detection using polymerase chain reaction showed that 33.9% (42/124) of the whole blood and 31.9% (36/113) of the urine samples were positive to pathogenic Leptospira spp. For tissue samples, 9.1% (2/23) of the kidney and 9.1% (2/23) of liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Addition samples of abdominal effusion from four dogs were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirshneri and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. In this study, 11 Leptospira spp. isolated successfully from the eight dogs were further identified and characterised as Bataviae, Javanica and Australis. Unfortunately, the mortality rate of the infected dogs was high at 34.0% (18/53). Conclusions This study allowed for greater understanding of canine leptospirosis through the provision of crucial diagnostic confirmation.

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