First detection and dominance of Nosema ceranae in Hungarian honeybee colonies

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Tapaszti ◽  
Petra Forgách ◽  
Csaba Kővágó ◽  
László Békési ◽  
Tamás Bakonyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Asian Honeybee ◽  
European Honeybee

Microsporidiosis (nosema disease) of the European honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) is present in bee colonies worldwide. Until recently, Nosema apis had been regarded as the causative agent of the disease, which may have many negative effects on the colony and cause heavy economic losses in apicultures. Another microsporidium species, Nosema ceranae , was reported to infest the Asian honeybee ( Apis ceranae ), but both honeybee species are susceptible to both microsporidia. In the European honeybee N. ceranae was first detected in Spain in the year 2006. As it is difficult to distinguish N. ceranae and N. apis morphologically, a rapid and accurate assay has been developed to differentiate N. apis and N. ceranae based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the partial large subunit ribosomal RNA. The assay was tested on 38 Nosema -infested bee samples, which were collected from geographically distant Hungarian bee colonies representing all regions of the country. Only one sample contained N. apis , and in the other 37 samples N. ceranae was detected, which indicates the dominance of N. ceranae in Hungarian apiaries. This is the first report on the presence of N. ceranae in Hungary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of Nosema ceranae in Croatian honeybee colonies

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tlak Gajger ◽  
O. Vugrek ◽  
D. Grilec ◽  
Z. Petrinec
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Nosema Species ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies

Nosema disease of European honey bees afflicts bees worldwide. Nosema ceranae is a recently described microsporidian parasite of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and its geographical distribution is not well known. The disease may have many negative effects on bee colonies and cause high losses for apiculture and consequently in agriculture. With this in mind, a total of 204 samples of dead bees from different localities in Croatia were selected and investigated for distribution, prevalence and diversity of N. ceranae infection, using light microscopic examination and multiplex PCR. Our results show that N. ceranae is the only nosema species found to infect honeybees in our geographically varied collection. The nucleotide sequences of amplicons from Nosema-infested honeybee samples were 100% identical with the N. ceranae sequence deposited in the GenBank database. N. ceranae infected bees were found in samples collected from each of 21 districts, and in all three climatic areas, i.e., mediterranean, mountain, and continental parts regions of Croatia.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Domestic Ducks in Hunan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yan Lv ◽  
He-Liang Zheng ◽  
Wen-He Yang ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
New Information ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoan parasites that infect warm-blooded animals, and cause major economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. However, little is known about the genotypes of T. gondii and N. caninum in domestic ducks in China. Herein, brain samples from 588 domestic ducks from Hunan province in China were examined for the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii B1 gene and N. caninum NC-5 gene. Forty-five DNA samples (7.7%; 95% CI: 5.5–9.9) were positive for B1 gene, and two (0.3%; 95% CI: 0–0.7) were positive for NC-5 gene. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii infection were age and sex. The 45 samples positive for T. gondii were genotyped using multi-locus PCR-RFLP analysis and only one sample was fully genotyped as ToxoDB#9 (Chinese I). These results provide new information about the epidemiology of T. gondii and N. caninum in ducks in Hunan province in China. The data also highlight the importance of a “One Health” approach to dealing with toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Kırşehir İlindeki Arılıklarda Nosema Hastalığının Belirlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithat Büyük ◽  
Rahşan İvgin Tunca ◽  
Atilla Taşkın
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Nosema disease caused by Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in bee colonies in Kırşehir. A hundred worker honey bee samples were collected from each of 51 beekeepers in 31 locations in 5 provinces of Kırşehir (Centrium, Mucur, Akpınar, Boztepe and Kaman) in July 2014. A total 5100 samples were used in this study. The microscopic examinations of the study suggested that there was existence of Nosema spores in Centrium, Mucur, Akpınar and Boztepe with 25%, 23.07%, 12.5% and 60%, respectively; whereas no spores were detected in Kaman province. It was found a positive correlation between humidity and numbers of nosema spores. Molecular analyses showed that N. ceranae is only Nosema type in studied all positive samples.

scholarly journals A quick PCR-based method for identification of Melolontha melolontha and Melolontha hippocastani (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Anna Tereba ◽  
Marzena Niemczyk
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The common cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) and the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani) are among the most destructive insect pests in many European countries. Larvae feed on the roots of numerous plant species, thus inflicting severe damage and heavy economic losses. The two species are often discussed together because they are difficult to distinguish during the larval stage.However, they differ slightly in ecology and development. The aim of this study was to develop a quick PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) method for easily identifying the two Melolonthaspecies through tissue samples or larvae, when reliable morphological identification is lacking. The strength of the method was tested on 43 M. melolonthaand 37 M. hippocastani individuals. We demonstrate that the technique is rapid and inexpensive, with strong implications for the effective management of these insect pests.

POLYMORPHISMS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION GENES NOS3 AND CYBA IN YAKUT POPULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Soloveva Yu.A. ◽  
Borisova N.V.
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Nos3 Gene ◽  
Yakut Population ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cyba Gene

Polymorphisms of different genes can predispose people to various diseases. They can influence the body's physiological response to exogenous risk factors. Polymorphisms of the endothelial dysfunction genes NOS3 and CYBA contribute to the development of socially significant diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, as well as diseases accompanied by fibrotic changes (cirrhosis of the liver, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.). Therefore, the study of these genes in the Yakut population seems relevant. The present study involved 124 healthy volunteers, their ethnicity is Yakuts (including Yakuts in the third generation, living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). Genetic analysis of polymorphisms was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). The study found that healthy Yakuts have GG homozygote of rs1799983 of the NOS3 gene in 83.87%, GT - 15.32%, TT - 0.81%. The frequency of the G allele was 91.53%, the T allele - 8.47%. The study found that healthy Yakuts have CC homozygote of rs4673 of the CYBA gene in 75.0%, CT - 21.77%, TT - 3.23%. The frequency of C allele was 91.44%, T - 8.56%. These results are consistent with the literature data. Thus, the research of the polymorphism rs1799983 of the NOS3 gene and rs4673 of the CYBA gene in various ethnic groups could have encouraging prospects in the personalized medicine for predicting pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction: liver fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, obstetric and gynecological pathologies, dysfunctions of various organs and systems.

scholarly journals High Frequency of Cryptosporidium hominis Infecting Infants Points to A Potential Anthroponotic Transmission in Maputo, Mozambique

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Idalécia Cossa-Moiane ◽  
Hermínio Cossa ◽  
Adilson Fernando Loforte Bauhofer ◽  
Jorfélia Chilaúle ◽  
Esperança Lourenço Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Maputo City ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Cryptosporidium is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in children less than 2 years of age. In this study, we report the frequency, risk factors and species of Cryptosporidium detected by molecular diagnostic methods in children admitted to two public hospitals in Maputo City, Mozambique. We studied 319 patients under the age of five years who were admitted due to diarrhea between April 2015 and February 2016. Single stool samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, microscopically by using a Modified Ziehl–Neelsen (mZN) staining method and by using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique using 18S ribosomal RNA gene as a target. Overall, 57.7% (184/319) were males, the median age (Interquartile range, IQR) was 11.0 (7–15) months. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in 11.0% (35/319) by microscopy and in 35.4% (68/192) using PCR-RFLP. The most affected age group were children older than two years, [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.861; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.532–22.417; p-value < 0.05]. Children with illiterate caregivers had higher risk of infection (aOR: 1.688; 95% CI: 1.001–2.845; p-value < 0.05). An anthroponotic species C. hominis was found in 93.0% (27/29) of samples. Our findings demonstrated that cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea might be caused by anthroponomic transmission.

scholarly journals Impact of Nosema Disease and American Foulbrood on Gut Bacterial Communities of Honeybees Apis mellifera

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Poonnawat Panjad ◽  
Rujipas Yongsawas ◽  
Chainarong Sinpoo ◽  
Chonthicha Pakwan ◽  
Phakamas Subta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, are important pollinators of many economically important crops. However, one of the reasons for their decline is pathogenic infection. Nosema disease and American foulbrood (AFB) disease are the most common bee pathogens that propagate in the gut of honeybees. This study investigated the impact of gut-propagating pathogens, including Nosema ceranae and Paenibacillus larvae, on bacterial communities in the gut of A. mellifera using 454-pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing results showed that N. ceranae was implicated in the elimination of Serratia and the dramatic increase in Snodgrassella and Bartonella in adult bees’ guts, while bacterial communities of P. larvae-infected larvae were not affected by the infection. The results indicated that only N. ceranae had an impact on some core bacteria in the gut of A. mellifera through increasing core gut bacteria, therefore leading to the induction of dysbiosis in the bees’ gut.

TCF7L2 rs7903146 C>T gene polymorphism is not associated with hypoglycemia in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Ragia ◽  
Evgenia Katsika ◽  
Charalampia Ioannou ◽  
Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Tcf7l2 Rs7903146

Abstract Objectives Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse effect of sulfonylureas (SUs) and a major concern when using these drugs. Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 C>T polymorphism is an established and well characterized genetic marker of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. The aim of the present study was to analyze the potential association of TCF7L2 rs7903146 C>T polymorphism with SU-induced hypoglycemia in a well characterized cohort of SU-treated patients previously genotyped for cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and P450 oxidoreductase (POR). Methods The study group consisted of 176 SU-treated T2DM patients of whom 92 had experienced at least one drug-associated hypoglycemic event. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotyping. Results TCF7L2 rs7903146 C>T genotype and allele frequency did not differ between cases and controls (p=0.745 and 0.671, respectively). In logistic regression analysis adjusted for other factors affecting hypoglycemia, including CYP2C9 and POR genotypes, TCF7L2 rs7903146 C>T polymorphism did not increase the risk of hypoglycemia (OR=1.238, 95% C.I.=0.750–2.044, p=0.405). Conclusions TCF7L2 rs7903146 C>T polymorphism is not associated with SU-induced hypoglycemia. Identifying additional gene polymorphisms associated with SU-induced hypoglycemia is crucial for improving T2DM patient therapy with SUs.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure of honey bee colonies to neonicotinoid seed–treated maize crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pohorecka ◽  
Piotr Skubida ◽  
Piotr Semkiw ◽  
Artur Miszczak ◽  
Dariusz Teper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Bee Colonies

Abstract The effects to honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during and after exposure to flowering maize (Zea mays L.), grown from seeds coated with clothianidin and imidacloprid was assessed in field-realistic conditions. The experimental maize crops were adjacent to the other flowering agriculture plants. Honey bee colonies were placed in three differently protected maize fields throughout the blooming period, and thereafter they were transferred to a stationary apiary. Samples of pollen loads, bee bread, and adult bees were collected and analyzed for neonicotinoid residues. To ensure high specificity and sensitivity of detection of the analyzed pesticides, a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used. Clothianidin was detected only in the samples of pollen loads. Their residue levels ranged from 10.0 to 41.0 ng/g (average 27.0 ng/g). Imidacloprid was found in no investigated sample. No negative effects of neonicotinoid seed-treated maize on the development and long-term survival of honey bee colonies were observed. The low proportion of Zea mays pollen in total bee-collected pollen during the maize flowering period was noted. The findings suggest that maize plants are less attractive forage for honey bees than phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum Mill.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), goldenrod (Solidago L.), and vegetation from Brassicaceae family. The results indicate a possibility of reducing the risk of bees being exposed to the toxic effect of insecticidal dusts dispersed during maize sowing by seeding, in the areas surrounding maize crops, plants that bloom later in the year.

Levels of Ancylostoma infections and phylogenetic analysis of cox 1 gene of A. ceylanicum in stray cat faecal samples from Guangzhou, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hu ◽  
X.G. Yu ◽  
S. Wu ◽  
L.P. Tan ◽  
M.R. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
A Minor

AbstractAncylostoma ceylanicum is a common zoonotic nematode. Cats act as natural reservoirs of the hookworm and are involved in transmitting infection to humans, thus posing a potential risk to public health. The prevalence of feline A. ceylanicum in Guangzhou (South China) was surveyed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In total, 112 faecal samples were examined; 34.8% (39/112) and 43.8% (49/112) samples were positive with hookworms by microscopy and PCR method, respectively. Among them, 40.8% of samples harboured A. ceylanicum. Twelve positive A. ceylanicum samples were selected randomly and used for cox 1 sequence analysis. Sequencing results revealed that they had 97–99% similarity with A. ceylanicumcox 1 gene sequences deposited in GenBank. A phylogenetic tree showed that A. ceylanicum isolates were divided into two groups: one comprising four isolates from Guangzhou (South China), and the other comprising those from Malaysia, Cambodia and Guangzhou. In the latter group, all A. ceylanicum isolates from Guangzhou were clustered into a minor group again. The results indicate that the high prevalence of A. ceylanicum in stray cats in South China poses a potential risk of hookworm transmission from pet cats to humans, and that A. ceylanicum may be a species complex worldwide.

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