scholarly journals Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Neves Costa ◽  
James Da Silva Hoelhert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
De Se ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.

scholarly journals Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Neves Costa ◽  
James da Silva Hoelhert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
De Se ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.

scholarly journals Selection of anthracnose resistant common beans using detached leaves in partially controlled environment

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
Alisson Campos Pereira ◽  
Ramon Gonçalves de Paula ◽  
Trazilbo José de Paula Júnior ◽  
Leonardo Corrêa da Silva ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Bean Plants ◽  
Selection Of

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the possibility of selecting anthracnose resistant common bean plants using detached primary leaves in partially controlled environment of a greenhouse and identify differences in the reaction of genotypes to anthracnose. The common bean cultivars Ouro Negro, OuroVermelho, ManteigãoFosco 11, Rudá, Rudá-R, VP8, BRSMG Madrepérola, Pérola, MeiaNoite and BRSMG Talismãwere characterizedfor resistance to the races 65, 81 and 453 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and the method of detached primary leaves was compared to the method with the traditional inoculation of plants at the phenological stage V2. The lines Rudá, Rudá-R and Pérola were inoculated with the races 65 and 453 of C. lindemuthianum, aiming to assess the rate of coincidence of anthracnose severity by both inoculation methods. In general, the two methods presented similar results for the reaction of the cultivars. The use of detached primary leaves of common bean plants in the partially controlled environment was feasible for selection of plants resistant to anthracnose and has the advantages of low-needed infrastructure and reduction of resources, space and time.

scholarly journals Genetic gain in the breeding program of common beans at IAC from 1989 to 2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Fernando Chiorato ◽  
Sérgio Augusto Morais Carbonell ◽  
Roland Vencovsky ◽  
Nelson da Silva Fonseca Júnior ◽  
José Baldin Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Period

The goal of the present work was to evaluate the genetic gain obtained in grain yield for the common bean genotypes from 1989 until 2007, at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, in the state of São Paulo. Genetic gain has been separated into two research periods; the first, from 1989 to 1996, and the second, from 1997 to 2007. In the first period, a genetic gain of 1.07 % per year was obtained, whereas for the second period, the gain was zero. However, the mean yield of the evaluated lines was approximately 1000 kg ha-1 superior to the figures obtained in the first period. The main cause for the absence of genetic gain in the second period is that the focus of the breeding program was changed to grain quality. The individualized analysis of the genotypes with carioca grains in the second period indicated the lack of genetic gain during the investigated period.

scholarly journals Agronomic and qualitative traits of common bean as a function of the straw and nitrogen fertilization1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana de Araujo Flôres ◽  
Camila Baptista do Amaral ◽  
Carolina Cipriano Pinto ◽  
Fábio Luiz Checchio Mingotte ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Critical Phases ◽  
Common Bean Plants

ABSTRACT The no-tillage system can change the nitrogen dynamics in the soil, being necessary to adjust the nitrogen fertilization in order to provide this nutrient during critical phases of the common bean growth. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic and qualitative traits of common bean grown under different straw types, as a function of the topdressing nitrogen fertilization splitting. A randomized block experimental design, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replications, was used. The plots consisted of three straw types (maize, maize intercropped with brachiaria and brachiaria), while the subplots comprised the combination of these straw materials with 8 topdressing nitrogen fertilization splitting arrangements. The common bean on brachiaria straw shows higher grain yields and crude protein contents. The nitrogen fertilization splitting, as topdressing, interacts with the straw types, increasing the number of pods per plant. The common bean plants growing on plots with single-maize straw had a shorter time for maximum hydration. The topdressing nitrogen fertilization splitting has no effect on the common bean qualitative traits.

scholarly journals Phytogeographical origin of Madeiran common beans based on phaseolin patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Marques da Silva ◽  
Anísia Soraia Abreu Correia ◽  
Nuno Alexandre Amaral Lopes ◽  
Humberto Gil Moreira Nóbrega ◽  
José Filipe Teixeira Ganança ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Electrophoresis System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The objective of this work was to determine the geographic origin of the Madeiran common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) gene pool. Phaseolin patterns of 50 accessions representing the diversity of common bean collected in Madeira, Portugal, and conserved in the ISOPlexis Germplasm Bank, were analysed using the Experion automated electrophoresis system, based on lab-on-a-chip technology. Five common bean standard varieties with typical phaseolin patterns were used to determine the phytogeographical origin of the Madeiran common bean accessions. Ninety two percent of the accessions exhibited a phaseolin pattern consistent with the one of common bean types belonging to the Andean gene pool, while the origin of the remaining 8% of the accessions was indistinguishable. The application of a similarity coefficient of 85%, based on Pearson correlations, increases the number of accessions with uncertain pattern. The analytical approach used permitted the determination of the origin of the common bean gene pool, which is Andean in 98% of the cases, and clustering of the observed variability among the Madeiran common beans.

scholarly journals Common bean yield under water suppression and application of osmoprotectants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano J. de C. Bastos ◽  
Frederico A. L. Soares ◽  
Camylla V. Sousa ◽  
Cássio J. Tavares ◽  
Marconi B. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Bean Plants

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the common bean crop grown with application of osmoprotectants based on algae of the genus Durvillaea potatorum in the winter crop season, with occurrence or not of water suppression. The experiment used a randomized block design, in split plots, arranged in a 4x7 factorial scheme, in which the plots were composed of four treatments - periods of water suppression (7, 14, 21 days and the control treatment: 100% of field capacity throughout the crop cycle) and the subplots consisted of seven types of osmoprotectants. The treatments with osmoprotectants was applied during the full flowering of the common bean. Three days after application of osmoprotectants, the treatments with suppression of irrigation were established. The use of osmoprotectants based on algae of the genus Durvillaea does not affect the variables plant height, stem diameter, stem and pod dry matter, first pod height, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod in common bean plants cultivated with occurrence of water suppression. Common bean plants under water restriction conditions have lower leaf and shoot dry matter and lower 100-grain weight. Common bean grain yield was influenced by the type of osmoprotectants and the water suppression period.

scholarly journals Biological nitrogen in increasing the productivity of beans (grains)

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Chynchyk ◽  
Svitlana Olifirovych ◽  
Volodymyr Olifirovych ◽  
Kateryna Nebaba
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root System ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
State Register ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

The results of a field experiment to study the effect of seed treatment with the biological product Rhizoactive (сompany BioNorma, Ukraine) on the formation and functioning of the symbiotic apparatus of common bean (grain) plants are presented. The experiment examined six varieties of common beans (grain), included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine: Bukovynka, Halaktyka, Slaviia, Ros, Otrada, Nata. The influence of bacterial fertilizer based on nodule bacteria " Rhizoactive " on the indicators of symbiotic and grain productivity of these varieties of common beans was studied. It was found, that the maximum number and raw weight of active nodules in the studied varieties of common beans were formed in the flowering phase. A larger number of nodules, compared to the variety Bukovynka (control), was formed on the root system of bean varieties Ros, Otrada and Nata. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in the plots without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the common bean variety Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of the seeds of the studied common bean varieties with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant. A larger mass of nodules, compared to the Bukovynka variety, was formed on the root system of Ros, Otrada and Nata beans. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in areas without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the variety of beans Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of seeds of the studied varieties of beans with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant. The highest increase in grain yield from seed inoculation was obtained in 2018, which was more favorable in terms of moisture. Thus, the largest increase in grain yield from the use of Rhizoactive was provided by the varieties Halaktyka (0.14 t/ha or 5.7 %), Ros (0.15 t/ha or 5.5 %) and Otrada (0.22 t/ha or 7.7 %). On average, in 2018–2020, inoculation of bean seeds with Rhizoactive, depending on the variety, provided an increase in grain yield from 2.4 to 6.7 %. And the highest level of bean grain yield on average in 2018–2020 was provided by the varieties Otrada (2.60 t/ha), Nata (2.50 t/ha) and Ros (2.40 t/ha) for inoculation of seeds with Rhizoactive

scholarly journals Severe outbreak of Fusarium wilt on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in the Maule Region, central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A Díaz ◽  
Ricardo Cabeza ◽  
Ramon Amigo ◽  
Elizabeth Llancamil ◽  
Osvaldo Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Bean Plants

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume cultivated worldwide as food for humans and livestock (Schwartz et al., 2005). Common beans in central Chile reach up to 3,893 ha from which 1,069 ha are located in the Maule region. Common bean is produced by small farmers who have limited access to fertilization, technical irrigation, and crop protection. In spring 2018, bean plants initially showed a slight yellowing and premature senescence 50 days after sowing (das) until showing wilting symptoms (70 -100 das) in Curepto fields (35 05'S; 72 01'W), Maule region. The basal part of affected plants displayed internal reddish-brown discoloration of the vascular tissues. Based on the plant external symptoms, we estimated an incidence between 15% and 45% in bean fields. Nine symptomatic plants were collected, and surface washed with sterile water and disinfested with 75% ethanol (v/v). Then small fragments (5-mm) from damage vascular tissue from each plant were cut and placed on Petri dishes containing PDA acidified with 0.5 ml/l of 92% lactic acid (APDA, 2%). The isolations were incubated for seven days at 25°C. Nine Fusarium-like isolates from single-spore on APDA (2%) became pale vinaceous, floccose with abundant aerial mycelium and dark vinaceous reverse colony, with a growing rate of 10.8 to 11.6 mm/d at 25°C (Lombard et al., 2019). Phialides were short, singular growing laterally on the mycelium. Macroconidia were hyaline, fusiform with basal foot cells shaped to pointed and apical cells tapered, 2-5 septate, and 28.6 to 47.6 (av. 38.1) μm long x 2.2 to 3.6 (av. 3.1) μm wide. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to ellipsoid, one-celled, and 4.5 to 10.9 (av. 6.1) μm long and 2.2 to 3.3 (av. 2.7) μm wide (n=50 spore). For molecular identification, three isolates (Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were sequenced using PCR amplification of the partial sequences of beta-tubulin (BT) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) (Lombard et al., 2019). NCBI BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% similarity with sequences (TEF; BT) of strain CPC 25822 of Fusarium oxysporum. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis placed the Chilean isolates in the F. oxysporum complex clade. Chilean sequences were deposited into GenBank under accession numbers MW419125, MW419126, MW419127 (TEF) and MW419128, MW419129, MW419130 (BT). Pathogenicity tests (isolates Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were conducted under greenhouse (15-28°C, 85%RH) on healthy bean plants (n=30) cv. Blanco Español INIA cultivated in pots (sand/peat moss/soil) at the University of Talca. Plants that are 30 days-old were inoculated using 200 μl of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) on wounded roots (crown). Control plants (n=10) were similarly inoculated with sterile distilled water. After 45 days, all inoculated plants with F. oxysporum isolates developed necrotic lesions on vascular tissue, and chlorosis, and wilting while control plants remained healthy. This experiment was conducted twice. The pathogen was reisolated (100%) from diseased plants and molecularly identified as F. oxysporum. To our knowledge, this is the report of a severe outbreak of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows in P. vulgaris in the Maule region, Chile. Previously, F. oxysporum has been reported affecting tomato (Sepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014) and blueberry in Chile (Moya-Elizondo et al., 2019).

Micromorphological variability of leaf epidermis in Mesoamerican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Leguminosae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian A. Stenglein ◽  
Ana M. Arambarri ◽  
Oscar N. Vizgarra ◽  
Pedro A. Balatti
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The Common

The purpose of this work was to make a detailed description of leaf epidermal characteristics among four Mesoamerican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) types, since they may play a role in plant defence against pathogens and/or drought. Therefore, we studied variability of epidermal cell number per mm2, stomatal size and number per mm2, stomatal index, and trichome density and dimensions on both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces. In all the common bean types studied, both surfaces of the leaves were devoid of wax crystalloids. Trichome density and distribution differed among the common bean types. Furthermore, the abaxial leaf surface always presented more trichomes than the adaxial surface. The leaves were amphistomatic, with the guard cells located in line with epidermal cells. Common bean leaves presented paracytic, anomocytic and anisocytic stomatal types. All common beans presented the adaxial epidermis of the leaves with a lower density of bigger stomates than on the abaxial epidermis.Our results demonstrate that micromorphological characteristics on both leaf surfaces are variable traits among common bean types.

scholarly journals Bemisia tabaci on Vegetables in the Southern United States: Incidence, Impact, and Management

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Yinping Li ◽  
George N. Mbata ◽  
Somashekhar Punnuri ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
David I. Shapiro-Ilan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Damage

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the most economically important insect pests of various vegetable crops in the Southern United States. This insect is considered a complex of at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) was initially introduced in the United States around 1985 and has since rapidly spread across the Southern United States to Texas, Arizona, and California, where extreme field outbreaks have occurred on vegetable and other crops. This pest creates extensive plant damage through direct feeding on vegetables, secreting honeydew, causing plant physiological disorders, and vectoring plant viruses. The direct and indirect plant damage in vegetable crops has resulted in enormous economic losses in the Southern United States, especially in Florida, Georgia, and Texas. Effective management of B. tabaci on vegetables relies mainly on the utilization of chemical insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids. However, B. tabaci has developed considerable resistance to most insecticides. Therefore, alternative integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are required, such as cultural control by manipulation of production practices, resistant vegetable varieties, and biological control using a suite of natural enemies for the management of the pest.

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