scholarly journals Analisis Nilai Kapasitas Beton Prategang Tipe-I Jembatan Cimanuk Maktal

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Iqbaliah ◽  
Roestaman Roestaman ◽  
Eko Walujodjati
Keyword(s):  
Rating Factor

Jembatan Cimanuk Maktal merupakan salah satu prasana untuk dilewati orang dan transfortasi  yang melewati sungai Cimanuk. Jembatan ini merupakan konstruksi baru sehingga perlu pengecekan terhadap nilai kapasitan yang dimiliki jembatan tersebut. Jembatan Cimanuk Maktal merupakan jembatan balok prategang tipe-I. Peneliti melakukan analisa perhitungan pada eksisting jembatan menggunakan metode rating factor (RF) pada saat inventory dan operating. Untuk perhitungan rating factor mengacu pada Pedoman Penentuan Nilai Kapasitas Jembatan dari Dirjen Bina Marga, dan untuk perhitungan analisa penampang dipandu dari Perencanaan Struktur Beton Jembatan dari RSNI-12-2004. Dari penelitian tersebut didapat bahwa jembatan tersebut dapat dikatakan aman dan sudah layak digunakan, karena nilai kapasitas yang didapat dari analisa perhitungan melebihi dari nilai kapasitas ijin. Dimana, nilai RF  berdasarkan Inventory akibat momen 1,7 > 1 dan akibat gaya geser 1,3 > 1. Juga nilai RF  berdasarkan Operating akibat momen 2,02 > 1 dan akibat gaya geser 1,9 > 1.

Effect of Dry-Zone Formation around Underground Power Cables on Their Ratings

2016 ◽  
pp. 188-210
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Thermal Failure ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Buried Cables ◽  
Cable Properties ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
Underground Power Cables

Current ratings of buried cables are determined by the characteristics of surrounding soils and cable properties as given in IEC 60287-1-3 (1982). In this standard the soil thermal resistivity of the surrounding soil is supposed to be varies from 0.5 oC m/w to 1.2 oC m/w but under loading the heat dissipated from underground power cables increases the soil thermal resistivity and this may leads to cable thermal failure and thermal instability of the soil around the underground cables. For this reason de-rating factors for cable loading taking the dry zone formation into consideration has to be considered during distribution cable network design. Several approaches have been adopted to establish current ratings of buried cables based on constant values of soil thermal conductivities. Mathematical models are suggested by many researches to study the drying out phenomenon around underground power cables. In this chapter de-rating factor for underground power cables taking dry zone formation into account is calculated depending on IEC 60287-1-3 (1982). This chapter also contains an experimental work carried out on different types of soils to investigate the formation of dry zone phenomena under loading by heat source simulates the underground cables.

Energy Efficient Cam-Follower Systems

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Freudenstein ◽  
M. Mayourian ◽  
E. R. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Cam Follower ◽  
Return Spring ◽  
Rating Factor

The energy loss in cam-follower systems due to friction between moving parts can be a significant contributor to the power loss in machinery. Considering the total number of cam-operated machines in manufacturing and other operations, the energy savings obtainable by improving the efficiency of the average cam-follower system by even a small percentage would be significant. In this investigation a new rating factor—an energy-loss coefficient proportional to the energy loss at the cam-follower interface—has been defined and evaluated. The rating factor relates to energy efficiency in a manner analogous to the way in which the well-known rating factors for velocity, acceleration, and shock relate to the kinematic characteristics of the cam-follower system. Two cam-follower configurations have been considered: 1) a follower motion governed by both cam and return spring, and 2) a follower positively driven by the cam. In both cases it was found that cam curves with identical rise and rise times can differ substantially in energy efficiency thereby demonstrating the significance of an energy-optimization strategy in the design of cam-follower systems. The nature of the functional dependence of the energy loss on system parameters has been identified and a minimum energy-loss limit established.

Effect of Dry Zone Formation around Underground Power Cables on Their Ratings

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama E Gouda ◽  
Adel Z. El Dein ◽  
Ghada M Amer
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Parallel Circuits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
Underground Power Cables

As it is known, there are many factors affecting underground power distribution cables' loadings such as ambient temperature, cable depth laying, number of cable parallel circuits and thermal resistivity of the soil. One important factor usually ignored is the formation of dry zones around the underground power cables due to cable loading. Dry zones usually form around underground power cables under loading condition due to the migration of soil moisture content. In this paper the effect of dry zone formation on the underground power cables ampacity is investigated. De-rating factor for the formation of dry zone around underground power cables is suggested and calculated for different types of natural backfill soils. IEC 60287-1-3 is taken as reference. Experimental work is done to study the dry zone phenomena of each type of soil.

scholarly journals Penentuan Waktu Optimal Pembuatan Dished End Dengan Metode Waktu Standard Pada Sterilizer Door Diameter 2100 mm

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dedi Panuju ◽  
Haniza Haniza
Keyword(s):  
Working Condition ◽  
Adjustment Factor ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Sand Blasting ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Activity Unit ◽  
Support Employment ◽  
Taking Charge ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
Unit Standard

<h1>In execution of activity of factories required by labour taking charge of to execution of the duties and have membership in the field of its are each. Calculation and usage of careful time will support employment scheduling which have been made for every work process. Data which collected at this researchs are time which required to do an activities identities at each activity units.  Data which tested obtained uniformity of the data with level of convident limit of 95/5%, so that determinable summed up the required observations. After obtained by is cycle time then countable the normal time, by reckoning rating factor (adjustment according to Westinghouse) that is skill factor, effort, consistency and working condition. Based on normal time which then added with diffuseness and adjustment factor which wanted for each element  From result calculation at each working activity unit in making of Dished, End, hence obtained by is standard time as follows : unit standard time Forklift I, unit standard time Marking, unit standard time Inspection I, unit standard time Cutting, standard time Crane I, unit standard time Dishing, unit standard time Inspection II, unit standard time Crane II, unit standard time Flanging, unit standard time Forklift II, unit standard time Sand Blasting, unit standard time Crane III, and unit standard time Turning was. Causing total standard time for finish making an unit Dished End at Sterilizer Door diameter of 2100 mm is 2231,69 minute. working, hence obtained by is standard time.</h1>

scholarly journals Analisis Penentuan Waktu Satandar Pada Proses Outbond Bagasi di PT Angkasa Pura II

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Noneng Nurjanah ◽  
Nur Rahma Ba’tha
Keyword(s):  
Time Study ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
Ground Handling

Time Study merupakan suatu usaha untuk menentukan lamanya waktu kerja yang diperlukan oleh seorang operator untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan (Niebel, 1988). Pengukuran waktu secara garis besar terdiri dari 2 jenis, yaitu pengukuran waktu langsung dan pengukuran waktu tidak langsung. Untuk menghitung waktu standar perlu dihitung waktu siklus rata-rata yang disebut dengan waktu terpilih, rating factor, waktu normal dan kelonggaran (allowance). dilakukan untuk meramalkan kejadian yang terjadi pada masa depan. Penelitian mengenai peramlan Dengan demikian waktu efektif atau waktu standar yang mampu dilakukan oleh setiap Ground Handling dalam melakukan penyediaan jasa sangat dibutuhkan oleh penumpang. Penyimpangan layanan bagasi tersebut biasa terjadi pada saat penumpang tiba di stasiun tujuan akhir atau saat post flight services, hal tersebut bisa menjadi salah satu tolak ukur kinerja suatu Ground Handling, baik atau tidaknya dalam memberikan layanan kepada penumpang. Kasus-kasus yang berhubungan dengan penyimpangan bagasi tersebut masih menggunakan proses manual yang pada akhirnya memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Maka dengan demikian, penggunaan metode Time Study yang dilakukan oleh penulis berguna untuk menganalisis penyebab terjadinya keterlambatan dan juga mendapatkan solusi yang tepat agar proses outbound ini berjalan sesuai dengan standar kerja. Setelah mendapatkan waktu baku selama 37 menit dari hasil perhitungan maka dilakukan perhitungan jumlah tenaga kerja optimum pada proses outbound untuk menentukan perencanaan kebutuhan tenaga kerja, dengan cara waktu baku dikali dengan beban kerja dan kemudian dibagi dengan waktu kerja efektif yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Maka didapatkan penambahan tujuh orang yang semula hanya 5 orang, penambahan tenaga terjadi pada bagian loading ke BTT dan pengecekan kondisi bagasi serta cek manifest bagasi masing – masing yaitu 1 tenaga kerja

scholarly journals Impact De-Tarrification in Modeling Motor Insurance Premium in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7394-7400
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Motor Insurance ◽  
Premium Calculation ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
The Impact

De-tariffication has become a hot topic for Malaysian motor insurers after effectively implemented on 1 July 2017. Generally, the insurance companies need to set a rating factor for their premium before calculating the price on selected premium. Typically, these rating factors are based on the risk profile of the policyholder. That means, the price of the premium determined by the risk factors from the profile of the policyholder. The aim of this research to investigate the impact after de-tariff implemented among the motor insurance industry. This research also investigates the effect of de-tariff on the Good Service Tax (GST) in the premium calculation. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was used to determine the most significant rating factor that influence the calculation of the premium received by the motor insurance industry. Once these k rating factors and parameters are identified, the value of premiums can be calculated by taking into account these rating factors and parameters in the de-tariff formula and comparing with the existing model. The result of the study indicates that de-tariff model has lower premium compared to Malaysia tariff model. Furthermore, GST is also found to have a significant impact on the motor insurance premium, where policyholders are required to pay higher premiums than non-GST premiums. The results will help the insurance companies to find new formulas in considering new rating factors and improve the accuracy of premium calculations.

Exploring Under-Representation of Young Emirati Adults in the UAE Private Sector by Examining Emirati Job Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Daleure ◽  
Zain Al Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
Employment Sectors ◽  
The Military

This study examined Emirati job satisfaction using an online survey to understand Emirati under-employment in the private sector. To date, double-digit Emirati youth unemployment has plagued the UAE even though it is a regional economic leader whose private sector has the potential to create tens of thousands of new jobs each year. The saturated public sector is so vastly preferred by Emiratis that many of them avoid working in the private sector despite abundant opportunities there, even when prolonged unemployment is a consequence. More than 1,000 employed Emirati participants rated 14 job satisfaction criteria using an online survey. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis, and mean tables were constructed to examine mean ratings of satisfaction criteria among demographic factors including employment sectors. The study found that job satisfaction was higher in the public and semi- government sectors than in the private sector for factors relating to compensation, culturally friendly working conditions, and flexibility to study and/or take care of family responsibilities. Only one rating factor—opportunities for advancement—was significantly higher in the private sector than in the public or semi-government sectors. Overall job satisfaction was high even in dangerous and physically demanding public sector jobs, such as those related to off-shore oil rigs, the military, and the police. لقد قامت هذه الدراسة بدراسة الرضا الوظيفي الإماراتي عن طريق إستخدام إستبيان إلكتروني لفهم أسباب نقص العمالة الإماراتية في القطاع الخاص

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid system (PV/wind/diesel generator/grid) for domestic consumers in balochistan (nokkundi & ormara)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Khan Niazi ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Khan ◽  
Rashid Wazir
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Rating Factor ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
Feasible System

This paper aims to focus on technical and economical analysis of small scale wind/solar hybrid system for domestic consumers. The analysis is carried out on HOMER II simulation software. Pakistan is one of those developing countries which are encountered with severe energy crises. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a technically and economically feasible system to meet the domestic consumer’s demand, as well as contribute to the central grid. HOMER Energy software is used to analyze different systems and to obtain the most reliable and feasible system for the customer. Simulation was carried out to find an economically and technically feasible system. Sensitivity analysis was carried out with hub height, PV De-rating factor, PV life, Wind turbine life. Change in hub height drastically affected energy production and economic prospect as the main factors of the system. Implementing such type of small hybrid systems on domestic level can be truly helpful to overcome energy shortage.

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