scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of American Academy of Pediatrics and European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Jae Il Shin
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
European Society ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Pediatric Hypertension ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Childhood Hypertension

Childhood hypertension (HTN) has become a significant public health issue because of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. However, childhood HTN is underrecognized and underdiagnosed in clinical practice. The European Society of Hypertension in 2016 and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2017 published updated guidelines for the screening, prevention, and management of pediatric HTN. There were notable differences between the two guidelines as well as many similarities. The updated AAP guidelines have clarified and simplified the recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood HTN based on current evidence. This review highlights the important developments in both guidelines, focusing on recent advances in the classification and treatment of childhood HTN.

Report of the Task Force on Diagnosis and Management of Meningitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-982
Author(s):  
Jerome O. Klein ◽  
Ralph D. Feigin ◽  
George H. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae

Children still die or suffer permanent neurologic sequelae as a result of bacterial meningitis. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are the goals, but early signs of meningitis are often subtle and nonspecific and, therefore, may be recognized only in retrospect. The physician must identify among the many febrile children seen every day in office practice—most of whom have spontaneously resolving illnesses usually caused by viruses—the few children who have serious bacterial infection requiring early intervention. No single test or battery of tests replaces the clinical acumen of the physician in identifying the child with early signs of bacterial meningitis. Because of controversies about diagnosis and treatment of meningitis voiced in various forums, including the courtroom, the Task Force on Diagnosis and Management of Meningitis has been asked by the Executive Board of the American Academy of Pediatrics to prepare a report on the causes, diagnosis, management, and outcome of meningitis in infants and children. This task force selected for discussion issues of current relevance and controversy in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial and nonbacterial meningitis. Many other aspects of meningitis are discussed elsewhere. Commentaries on the prevention of disease by chemoprophylaxis (antimicrobial agents) or immunoprophylaxis (vaccines) have been prepared by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics. In addition the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta) publishes recommendations on vaccine usage and chemoprophylaxis formulated by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. These resources are of value to the practitioner who cares for children and needs information on optimal measures for the treatment and prevention of meningitis.

scholarly journals Vacant Properties and Violence in Neighborhoods

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Branas ◽  
David Rubin ◽  
Wensheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Block Groups

Objectives. Violence remains a significant public health issue in the United States. To determine if urban vacant properties were associated with an increased risk of assaultive violence and if this association was modified by important neighborhood institutions (e.g., schools, parks/playgrounds, police stations, and alcohol outlets). Methods. Longitudinal ecologic study of all 1816 block groups in Philadelphia. Aggravated assault and vacant property data were compiled yearly from 2002 to 2006 and linked to block groups. A mixed effects negative binomial regression model examined the association of vacant properties and assaults between and within block groups. Results. Among all block groups, 84% experienced at least one vacant property, 89% at least one aggravated assault, and 64% at least one gun assault. Between block groups, the risk of aggravated assault increased 18% for every category shift of vacant properties (IRR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.25, ). Parks/playgrounds and alcohol outlets potentially modified the association between vacant properties and aggravated assaults but only at low levels of vacancy. Conclusions. Increasing levels of vacancy were associated with increased risk of assaultive violence in urban block groups.

Medicating Children With Attention Deficit Disorder

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-812
Author(s):  
JERRY M. WIENER
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Medicating Children ◽  
Child Psychiatrists

To the Editor.— I read the position statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committees on Children With Disabilities and Drugs (Pediatrics 1987;80:758-760) regarding medication for children with attention deficit disorder. It is encouraging that the American Academy of Pediatrics has undertaken to bring this information to its membership; it is disappointing that, in discussing evaluation and treatment, there was no acknowledgment of any role for the child psychiatrist, even though the vast majority of research into diagnosis and treatment has been done by child psychiatrists and published in the psychiatric literature.

Food Allergen Avoidance in the Prevention of Food Allergy in Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 1662-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Zeiger
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
American Academy ◽  
European Society ◽  
Food Allergen ◽  
Clinical Immunology ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Pediatric Gastroenterology ◽  
Allergen Avoidance ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
In Infants And Children

Food allergy afflicts an increasing number of infants and children and is associated with both clinical and familial burdens. To help lessen this burden, the Nutritional Committees from the American Academy of Pediatrics and jointly the European Society for Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition published recommendations to prevent and treat food allergy. Although there is much in common with these recommendations, differences exist. This review compares, contrasts, and reconciles them, presenting the evidence that has led to their statements.

Guidelines for Health Screening

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Helene S. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

The symposium "Screening in Child Health Care"1 supplements the recently distributed 205-page guide prepared by the American Academy of Pediatrics.2 The latter is designed to assist public officials and health personnel in every state to plan and implement the screening component of the Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment Program (EPSDT).3 The guide contains suggestions which, based on past experience, are likely to be considered minimal standards by state officials. Only procedures or tests specified in the guide are likely to be reimbursed.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Merenstein
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Previous Letter ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

We thank Drs Arroll and Thompson for their interest and comments on the American Academy of Pediatrics Vitamin K Task Force statement. They raise two concerns—the validity of the Golding1 paper suggesting an increased risk of cancer and the appropriateness of recommending the use of oral vitamin K. In both the task force statement2 and in response3 to a previous letter to the editor, we have clearly stated that the risks of cancer from intramuscular vitamin K are unproven and unlikely.

scholarly journals Early diagnosis of autism in the community is associated with marked improvement in social symptoms within 1–2 years

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110490
Author(s):  
Nitzan Gabbay-Dizdar ◽  
Michal Ilan ◽  
Gal Meiri ◽  
Michal Faroy ◽  
Analya Michaelovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Calibrated Severity Scores

It is widely believed that early diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder is essential for better outcome. This is demonstrated by the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to screen all 1.5–2.5-year-old toddlers for autism spectrum disorder. However, multiple longitudinal studies of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 1.5–6 years of age and treated in community settings have not reported any associations between earlier diagnosis and improved outcome in core symptoms. Here, we quantified Longitudinal changes in core autism spectrum disorder symptoms of 131 children diagnosed at 1.2–5 years of age using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–Second Edition Calibrated Severity Scores over a 1-2 year period. We examined the prevalence and magnitude of Calibrated Severity Scores changes across children who were diagnosed at different ages. The results revealed that age of diagnosis was significantly correlated with poorer outcome ( r(129) = 0.41, p < 0.001). Approximately 65% of the children diagnosed before 2.5 years of age exhibited improvements in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–Second Edition Calibrated Severity Scores (⩾2 points) in contrast to only 23% of the children diagnosed after this age. Changes in younger children were driven by improvements in social symptoms despite deterioration in restricted and repetitive behaviors. These findings reveal that autism spectrum disorder diagnosis before the age of 2.5 is associated with considerable improvement in social symptoms. We suggest that greater brain plasticity and behavioral flexibility enable younger children to benefit more from autism spectrum disorder interventions even in community settings with heterogeneous services. This motivates further prioritization of early autism spectrum disorder screening as recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Lay abstract It is widely believed that early diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder is essential for better outcome. This is demonstrated by the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to screen all 1.5–2.5-year-old toddlers for autism spectrum disorder. However, multiple longitudinal studies of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 1.5–6 years of age and treated in community settings have not reported any associations between earlier diagnosis and improved outcome in core autism spectrum disorder symptoms. In this study, we measured changes in core autism spectrum disorder symptoms over a 1–2-year period in 131 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 1.2–5 years of age, and treated in the community. The results revealed that children who were diagnosed before 2.5 years of age were three times more likely to exhibit considerable improvements in social autism spectrum disorder symptoms in comparison to children diagnosed at later ages. These results highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder even in community settings with heterogeneous services. In addition, these results motivate further prioritization of universal screening for autism spectrum disorder before 2.5 years of age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document