scholarly journals Huns and their role in the appearance on the west of Ukrainian Forest steppe of “complexes of prestidge”: glassworking workshop in Komariv and hoards in Volhynian upland

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Mykola Bandrivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Small Region ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

Results of the most recent archeological studies of the glassmaking workshop in Komariv in Northern Bukovina are considered. In particular the problem of its dating and probable production and functional aspects are examined. Based on the analysis of well-dated materials revised recently by Olga Rumyantseva (2017), the author offers to raise the upper chronological boundary of Komariv to the turn of the IV–V centuries with great probability – to the first decades of V century. And taken into account that the workshop in Komariv worked 6 –7, for a maximum of 10 years, the issue of the upper date is particularly important, since it may belong to a period when the classical Chernyakhiv complexes no longer existed. It has been suggested that the appearance of the Komariv phenomenon was greatly influenced by the activity of the incoming Huns or Huns-Alans elite from which administration of the regions was recruited. Assumption was made that, for it (Huns or Huns-Alans elite), craftsmen of Komariv glasswork complex, previously trained in the imperial centers, tried to recreate one of the most representative features of provincial-Roman life in these northern Bukovina lands – thin-walled glassy, particularly multicolored and often splendidly decorated vessels, shape of which witnessed about refined taste, high aesthetic preferences and financial capability of the owner. Taking into account the movements of tribes in the mid – second half of 370-th, it was suggested that the elite, most effective in combat units of the Huns-Alans then passed from the Black Sea region along the Podillia and reached the Volhynian Upland, where in a small region – most of the hoards of the beginning of V century: Borochytskyi, Branivskyi, Kachynskyi and others are concentrated. And there, probably, their headquarter could be situated till the time of its transfer to Pannonia. In the conclusions, special attention is paid to the fact that between the short-term functioning of the glass-making workshop in Komariv (according to the author: not earlier than the turn of IV–V – first decades of V century) and the appearance at the Volhynian Upland of Borochytskyi, Branivskyi, Kachynskyi and other hoards and finds of such type, there may be a cause-and-effect relations. Key words: Komariv, glassmaking workshop, Huns, Huns-Alans, hoards of Volhynian Upland.

Mit zweierlei Maß. Der Adriaraum als Laboratorium spätmittelalterlicher Praktiken des Slaving / Two Degrees of Bondage: The Venetian Adriatic Sea as a Laboratory for European Practices and Discourses of Slavery

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Schiel
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans

AbstractIt is usually held that by the turn of the millennium Latin Christians stopped enslaving their fellow-believers from within Europe. Scholars have therefore tended to define the late medieval type of domestic slaves in Italian and Iberian households, most of whom had been traded from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea region to Europe, by their cultural and religious difference. Yet, the numerous Christians from the Balkans who came across the Adriatic Sea to the West (and especially to Venice) clearly complicate the picture. They were mostly under twelve years of age and could be purchased at a very low price. The paper examines the commercial policy of the Venetian Senate in respect of the Adriatic human trafficking and sounds the strategies Venetian merchants used in order to pursue their interests, within and outside the legal framework set by the state authorities East and West of the Adriatic Sea.

Science and Festivity. The Cult and Idealization towards the Images of St. Cyril and Methodius and Some of their Students in Some Countries in the Black Sea Region during 1945-1990

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Elena Azmanova-Rudarska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World ◽  
Scientific Achievements

This paper follows the cult towards some of the St. Holy Seven Saints - St. Cyril, St. Methodius, St. Klement and St. Naum. The accent falls on countries like Bulgaria, Russia, Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, Turkeу and others. Scientific, as well as festivе manifestations are being reviewed during the anniversary years 1963, 1966 and 1969, and different scientific meetings, conferences and simposiums, which show the cult in new light. On one hand the article takes into account the scientific achievements from the middle of the 19th century until 1945, and on the other - after the Second World War. Known facts and hypotheses are being ideologized or moved aside, so that the new political landmarks can be emphasized. During these scientific forums Bulgaria was considered as a bridge between the East and the West.

scholarly journals GOLDEN FINDS FROM «NIKOPOLIAN BARROWS» FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF B. AND V. KHANENKO

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
E. A. Velychko ◽  
Yu. B. Polidovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The City ◽  
Private Collections

The article is devoted to the attribution of objects from the collection of B. and V. Khanenko, which were received in the 1900s. from the market of antiquities as occurring «from the barrows near the city of Nikopol». These are various applicative decorations mostly dated to the 4th century BC. Stylistic analysis allows us to talk about the heterogeneity of this group of products and with great probability to assume that they are associated with predatory excavations of mounds in the steppe Black Sea region, the Crimea, the forest-steppe Dnieper and Middle Don region. Some of the items probably represent finds in the «royal» burial mounds, which broke out in the second half of the nineteenth century by private collections. All assumptions about the attribution of gold finds from the collection of Khanenko are provisional and based mainly on their iconographic analysis. Further research will undoubtedly help clarify, confirm or disprove the conclusions.

scholarly journals «BUDINIA OR SCYTHIA?» THE ETHNIC AND CULTURAL BELONGING OF THE MIDDLE DON POPULATION DURING 5th—4th centuries BC

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
V. I. Guliaev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Cultural Belonging

For over half a century (since the end of the 1950s), the Scythology has been discussing the location of the Scythian and non-scythian tribes mentioned by Herodotus on a geographical map. After the Scythian-Sarmatian conference in 1952 and the report of B. N. Grakov and A. I. Melyukova, most of archaeologists supported the idea that only the Black Sea steppe belonged to the Scythians, and non-scythian peoples and tribes inhabited the forest-steppe regions of the Northern Black Sea region. In this regard monuments on the Middle Don dated V—IV centuries BC began to be considered Budinia, belonging to the Budinians and Gelonians. P. D. Lieberov interpreted the Budinians as Finno-Ugric tribes. Archaeological research of the last decades (including the widespread use of the methods of the natural sciences) made it possible to revise this idea and return to the M. I. Rostovtsev and A. I. Terenozhkin point of view about the existence of a single large Scythia covering in the VII—IV centuries BC all the Northern Pontic (steppe and forest-steppe) from the Danube to the Don.

scholarly journals The Fortresses of Ukraine. The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Marcin Ignaczak ◽  
Yuriy Boltryk ◽  
Oleksandr Shelekhan ◽  
Oksana Lifantii ◽  
Łukasz Olędzki
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Construction Strategy ◽  
Challenging Question

Abstract The most challenging question regarding the defensive settlements of the Pontic forest-steppe is the reason behind their construction at all and size. The most frequent interpretations centre around two questions: were they to protect from external threats (i.e. the nomads) or were they the result of a carefully planned construction strategy related to the economic and social pressure from the Greek colonies in the Black Sea region? It is also possible that both explanations are true.

scholarly journals BRONZE CROSS-SHAPED PLAQUES AS A CHRONOLOGY INDICATOR OF SKYTHIAN KURGANS OF THE NORTH PONTIC REGION OF THE SECOND — THIRD QUARTER OF THE 4th CENTURY BC

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
S. V. Polin ◽  
М. N. Daragan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Made In

In the Scythian kurgans of the IVth century BC in the Northern Black Sea region, 31 bronze cruciform plaques were found. Such plaques are found mainly in male graves and much less often in female ones. These plaques were used as quiver buckles and for attaching the quiver to the belt. The main zone of concentration of cross-shaped plaques finds covers is the territory of the Lower Dnieper region, directly to the Dnieper. Apparently, this indicates that they were made in this region, where their place of manufacture could be only Kamenskoe hillfort, which was the center of metallurgy and metalworking in Steppe Scythia. From here they diverged south-east to Sivash within the present-day Kherson region, and much further north to the forest-steppe within the present-day right-bank Cherkasy and left-bank Kiev regions. Cross-shaped plaques are indicators of the advance of the steppe Scythians from the Lower Dnieper region to the north in the Ukrainian forest-steppe, to the west as far as the Lower Danube and very close to the south-east to Sivash. The latter direction, apparently, corresponds to migrations to winter pastures. More than half of all finds of cross-shaped plaques reliably date from within the second to third quarters of the IVth century BC, which gives every reason to assume the same dating for the complexes, where there are no own dating materials. In general, such bronze cross-shaped plaques are a reliable chronological indicator Scythian burials of the Northern Black Sea region of the second — third quarter of the IVth century BC, and also partly ethnic.

scholarly journals Russian Military Opportunities in the Context of Ukrainian Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
A. A. Krivopalov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Rapid Deployment

The crisis in the Ukraine not only has maximally escalated the relations among Russia, Europe and the USA but also brought Moscow to the brink of direct military conflict with Kiev. In the context of the civil war outbroken in the Ukraine an opportunity to confirm its demands in the sphere of foreign policy by open force is vital for Russia. However, the nature of two level Ukrainian conflict is such that a direct military confrontation is still possible either between Novorossiya and Ukraine or between Ukraine and Russia if the latter makes a decision to support Donbass at a critical moment. But a conflict is impossible between Russia and NATO because an outbreak of an open war will be prevented by the existing strategic nuclear balance. The presence of a nuclear factor makes military demonstration the most rigid form for confirmation of the demands in the sphere of foreign policy by the conflicting parties. Its most possible scenario is a frontal extension of the Russian ground forces deployed on the Ukrainian border to the west even to the Dnieper line and the border with the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic in the Black Sea region. The article sequentially discusses the he strengths and weaknesses of the group of Russian troops on the Ukrainian border, then - the opportunities of the USA and NATO to organize an air bridge to disrupt a possible a possible extension of the Russian troops to the west. The author makes a conclusion that the first units of the rapid deployment forces could arrive to the area near Kiev not earlier than 10-15 hours. Full deployment of the US expeditionary brigade may take from 14 to 18 days. Such a period seems to be excessive. Two-week cushion of time will allow the Russian military to perform all the tasks in the Levoberezhnaya (leftbank) Ukraine while the US troops at the best case will manage to protect the Ukrainian capital. In the nearest time, NATO will tackle obvious difficulties in all the issues related to the projection of force to the South East of the Ukraine. However, in the future in the course of the development of military infrastructure and accumulation of forces this advantage of Russia will be decreasing.

Ottoman Commercial History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Fleet
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
External Trade ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Internal Trade

The Ottoman empire, which at its height stretched around the Mediterranean from Albania to Morocco, from Egypt in the south to Crimea in the north, and from Iran in the east to Hungary in the west, represented an enormous trading bloc. Its internal trade, which was always much greater than its external trade, consisted largely of agricultural products with some manufactures, in particular textiles, which were traded both locally and to distant parts of the empire. External trade was dominated by agricultural products, which were exported to the West, and manufactured goods such as textiles, carpets and ceramics, and the import of textiles from the West, silk from Iran, spices from the East, and coffee from Yemen. Many of these commodities transited through the empire. There was also a significant trade in slaves into the empire from the Black Sea region and from sub-Saharan Africa. Commerce, which influenced Ottoman conquest policy, brought considerable revenues to the state, and Ottoman rulers invested heavily in infrastructure to support trade and to protect traders. They also attempted to control commodity exchange, imposing trade embargoes, fixing prices, and establishing a system of provisioning. The expansion of the world market in the 19th century affected the nature of Ottoman commerce. The empire became an exporter of raw materials and importer of manufactured products. Controls on internal trade were removed, allowing foreign merchants to operate freely, and its markets were opened up to an influx of goods from Europe, in particular from Britain.

scholarly journals Znalezisko olbijskiego „asa” w Ostroladowiczach na Białorusi

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Jarosław Bodzek ◽  
Włodzimierz Kisza
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Millennium Bc ◽  
University Museum ◽  
The University ◽  
The Village

A cast bronze coin belonging to the 2nd series of the Olbian “asses,” dated to the second half of the 5th century BC, is included in the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum. The coin was probably added to the university collection in 1871, as a gift of Baron Edward Rastawiecki (1805–1874) for the archaeological unit. According to the donor, the “as” was found during the excavation of a barrow in the village of Ostrohladovich in Minsk province – currently Astrahlady/Astrahliady/Ostrogliade (Belarusian Астрагля́ды, Russian Острогляды) in Belarus in the Gomel region, in the Brahin district. In the first millennium BC this area was occupied by the Miłograd culture. Finds of coins produced in Olbia, in particular the Olbian “asses,” have not been recorded outside the Black Sea region until recently. In recent years, however, finds of early Olbian coins (known as “dolphins” and “asses”) have been recorded in the forest-steppe zone. These new discoveries give credence to the finding of the “as” from Ostrohladovich. The coin arrived in the area of the Miłograd culture probably via the Scythians.

Status of Animals in Funerary Rituals of Founders and Users of Ceremonial Centres of the Yampil Barrow Cemetery Complex(4th/3rd-2nd Millenium BC). A Zooarchaeological Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-225
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Marciniak ◽  
Yevheniya Y. Yanish ◽  
Oleh Zhuravlov ◽  
Aleksander Kośko ◽  
Piotr Włodarczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
The West ◽  
Funerary Rituals

Abstract This study discusses the issue of ‘animal deposits’ in funerary practices of early barrow communities settling the Black Sea steppe and forest-steppe in the 4rd/3nd-2nd millennium. The focus of analytical studies is directly on the Yampil Barrow Cemetery Complex situated along the left bank of the Dniester, between the Murafa and Markivka rivers, or what is the Yampil Region (Vinnitsa Oblast) now. The chorological system developed by N.Ya. Merpert in his “Yamnaya Cultural-Historical Area” places this area within the Southwestern Variant (between the Southern Bug and Danube rivers) as the Yampil (Podolia) territorial centre. From the perspective of the research programme exploring the ‘bio-cultural border land between the West and East of Europe’, the Yampil Barrow Cemetery Complex is of special scholarly interest because of its western most location on the Dniester route of exchange for cultural patterns developed by communities settling the drainage basins of the Black and Baltic seas. The investigations followed the excavations of 23 barrows between 1984 and 2014.

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