scholarly journals New materials of Early Iron Age from river Luha valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 154-182
Author(s):  
Zoya Ilchyshyn ◽  
Oleksandr Silayev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Type Group ◽  
Cultural Conversation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Migratory Movements

The article submits the results of protective archaeological studies conducted in 2016–2018 by scientific research center “Rescue Archaeological Service” (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institite of archaeology) at the Lokachi gas production facility. Excavations have been made on the settlements Markovychi 1, Markovychi 2, Mizhgirya 1, Mizhgirya 3, Rohovychi 1 and Rohovychi 2 which contained materials of Early Iron Age. Until recently only three sites of that period were discovered in Lokachi district, undoubtedly a minor achievement especially by comparison with fruitful studies made by L. Krushelnytska, G. Okhrimenko, I. Mykhalchyshyn, V. Konoplia and S. Terskyi across the neighboring Volodymyr-Volynski, Ivanychi and Lutsk districts of Volyn region. Therefore, any new excavation results would make an essential influx of information on Early Iron Age settlement structure in the valley of river Luga. The article analyses items, mostly handmade pottery from cultural layers and archaeological objects, often found alongside with another materials of different cultural and chronological origins. The largest item collections have been discovered on the settlements Rohovychi 1 and Mizhgirya 3 which included household structures full with pottery of distinctive forms and décor elements that is of so called Lesznytsia type of Early Scythian time culture. Shapes and technological characteristics of local pottery resemble peculiar features of same item category on the Early Iron Age archaeological sites from neighboring Rivne and Lviv regions. On contrary they miss the same features on the synchronous sites in the southern parts of Volyn region. This certainly provokes issues regarding the inner transfers and cultural conversation among the populaces of Lezhnytsia type group. Seemingly small-scale survey studies and excavations have produces substantial results but additionally they announced great prospects of further regional studies important for evaluation of migratory movements and settlement evolution in the area on the ridge crossing between the basins of Western Bug and Pryp’iat revers. Key words: Early Iron Age, Lezhnytsia type group, Lokachi gas production facility, archaeological surveys, settlement, pottery.

Reconstructing the Holocene paleoenvironment of the semi-arid Shiraki Plain of eastern Georgia – a center of settlement activity during the Late Bronze and Early Iron age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgi Kirkitadze ◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Levan Navrozashvili ◽  
Mikheil Lobjanidze ◽  
Levan Losaberidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Large City ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Main Question

<p>Studying of the interactions between past environmental changes and former human societies delivers key information to understand the future evolution of landscapes under changing environmental conditions and increasing human stress. The combination of these two factors is especially critical for fragile landscapes such as drylands, where even small-scale climatic or anthropogenic factors can have relatively large effects on the landscape dynamics.</p><p>Holocene paleoenvironmental changes on the Shiraki Plain, located in Eastern Georgia (South Caucasus), were studied. The selected site is characterized by semiarid climate conditions (annual precipitation <500 mm per year) and an open dry steppic landscape today. Currently the area is devoid of settlements, due to absence of water resources. However, recent archaeological data collected using remote sensing and ground-proven by ongoing archaeological excavations, delivered evidences of an active former human inhabitation of this area mostly during the Late Bronze - Early Iron Ages. Several large, city-type settlements of the given period that were identified on the Shiraki Plain suggest the existence of early state formation under favorable environmental conditions.</p><p>During the conducted study we have combined stratigraphical-sedimentological investigations of sediments using drilling cores, trenches and laboratory analyses with high-resolution D-GPS measurements in the RTK mode, remote sensing using drone photogrammetric surveys, paleoecological investigations, and hydrological modeling. Our initial results clearly support the hypothesis of a large shallow lake in the center of the Shiraki Plain that was surrounded by the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age settlements. Therefore, the regional water balance of that period was obviously more positive than today. Furthermore, our investigations indicate that this period of high settlement intensity was characterized by intensive soil erosion processes that washed away the dominant Chernozem soils.</p><p>Altogether, our investigations suggest a tipping point of the landscape evolution dynamics that must have been crossed during the Late Bronze and Early Iron period, leading to the current dry steppic landscape. This also provides key information to reconstruct the archaeological past of the region, and to address the main question of rapid depopulation and further abandonment of this area.</p>

The Iron Age Enclosures and Prehistoric Landscape of Sutton Common, South Yorkshire

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 221-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parker Pearson ◽  
R.E. Sydes ◽  
S. Boardman ◽  
B. Brayshay ◽  
P.C. Buckland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

The Early Iron Age enclosures and associated sites on Sutton Common on the western edge of the Humberhead Levels contain an exceptional variety of archaeological data of importance not only to the region but for the study of later prehistory in the British Isles. Few other later prehistoric British sites outside the East Anglian fens and the Somerset Levels have thus far produced the quantity and quality of organically preserved archaeological materials that have been found, despite the small scale of the investigations to date. The excavations have provided an opportunity to integrate a variety of environmental analyses, of wood, pollen, beetles, waterlogged and carbonised plant remains, and of soil micromorphology, to address archaeological questions about the character, use, and environment of this Early Iron Age marsh fort. The site is comprised of a timber palisaded enclosure and a succeeding multivallate enclosure linked to a smaller enclosure by a timber alignment across a palaeochannel, with associated finds ranging in date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Roman and medieval periods. Among the four adjacent archaeological sites is an Early Mesolithic occupation site, also with organic preservation, and there is a Late Neolithic site beneath the large enclosure. Desiccation throughout the common is leading to the damage and loss of wooden and organic remains. It is hoped that the publication of these results, of investigations between 1987 and 1993, will lead to a fuller investigation taking place.

scholarly journals Preliminary archaeological studies (surveys) on the project of the bypass road around Berezhany town

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 206-223
Author(s):  
Oleh Osaulchuk ◽  
Zoya Ilchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The article offers results of preliminary archaeological investigations, conducted by Scientific Research Center «Rescue Archaeological Service» (Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) in 2007 and 2017, prior to the construction project of the bypass road around Berezhany town in Ternopil region. It provides information concerning the newly discovered archeological sites as well as the elaboration of the obtainable data on formerly revealed sites in the surroundings of villages Lisnyky, Lapshyn, Hayok and Hlynovychi. According to archival and bibliographic data, archaeological surveys were previously conducted in 2006 by the expeditions of Mykhailo Filipchuk and Mykola Bandrivsky nearby villages Lapshyn and Hynovychi. However, the summaries of these surveys are insufficiently published and besides presenting the incoherent results, which cause some confusion in the number of sites. In 2007, expedition of Rescue Archaeological Service has re-examined the multi-layered settlement Hynovychi I, collecting the items from the Late Paleolithic to the Early Iron Age. Subsequent rescue archeological excavations were carried out in 2008 by the expedition led by Bohdan Salo. Ancient Rus settlement Hlynovychi III was discovered adjacent to the previous site. Around the village Lapshyn, additional archeological sites were discovered, namely Lapshyn III, IV, V, and VI, which behold several phases of the region’s inhabitants starting from the Paleolithic and until the Age of Principalities. Materials of Vysotsko and Chernyakhiv cultures are predominant on these sites. Four groups of barrows were located on the forested hills near village Lisnyky, named therefore Lisnyky I, II, III, and IV. They contain a total of 20 barrows, which could be dated to the Bronze Age. Altogether, the explorations of 2007 and 2017 has newly discovered or identified ten archaeological sites, including settlements and burrow necropolises. Seven previously known settlement were localized due to the updated information. As a result, the archeological map of the region was significantly supplemented, with the names and numbers of archaeological sites well-coordinated. Some of the ancient settlements and the barrow groups are located along the route of future bypass road, thus making it necessary to conduct preventive archaeological excavations. The results of intended studies will definitely clarify cultural and chronological identity of these sites. Key words: archeological surveys, preventive archeological studies, assessments of the impact on the archeological heritage, bypass road around Berezhany town, settlement, barrow group, Paleolithic, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Antiquity, Vysotsko culture, Chernyakhiv culture, Age of Principalities.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE THREE HILLFORTS OF SCYTHIAN TIME AT PUTYVL’S AM SEYM REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-286
Author(s):  
D. V. Karavaiko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Nowadays, the archaeological excavations conducted on the three hillforts — two of them are situated near Vorgol village and one of them near Shiryaevo, at Putyvl’s am Seym region. Vorgol hillfort was explored by D. T. Berezovets. The fortified settlements are located on the surrounding capes of the high right riverside of the Kleven. About 300 square meters were investigated and conducted the transverse section of a shaft on the Eastern hillfort, in 1949. The researcher was a specialist of antiquities of the Slavic-Rus period, and therefore the materials of Scythian time were beyond his control. There are only clay sparrows of Early Iron Age, in the collection, which is partially stored in the funds of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. D. T. Berezovets conducted excavations on the Shiryaevo hillfort, in 1948—1949. Unfortunately, the results of that works have not been published, and some information of that excavations are published in this article for the first time. The researches on the hillfort was continued by V. A. Ilyinskaya, in 1950. This archaeology site is dated VI—IV centuries BC. The results of archaeological researches were publicated on the «Archeology» journal. It was not possible to cover all the material at that time, regarding to objective reasons. At least the two horizons were extract on the Shiryaevo hillfort, as result of analysis of the collection of excavations in 1949—1950. The first, oldest of them, is dated VI, maybe the beginning of V century BC. The second, according to the material, is dated the second half of the V—IV centuries BC. The total investigated area, during the years 1948—1950, is about 300 square meters.

scholarly journals The Layout and Internal Development of Celtic Fields: Structural and Relative Chronological Analyses of Three Danish Field Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Helt Nielsen ◽  
Mads Kähler Holst ◽  
Ann Catherine Gadd ◽  
Klaus Kähler Holst
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Field System ◽  
Field Boundaries ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
Stochastic Optimization Algorithm

The layout and development of field systems may reflect significant aspects of prehistoric societies such as agricultural strategies, use rights and inheritance practices. This article presents a method for analysing the developments of field systems in their entirety, based on a hierarchical sorting of field boundaries whose intersections have been used to define relations of equivalence and subordination. The formalized relational expression of the field system is analysed using a stochastic optimization algorithm. The method was successfully applied to three Danish Celtic fields from the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age, making it possible to identify five principles behind the layout: primary boundaries (probably established at community level), major parcels (administered at a household level), structured subdivisions (presumably related to inheritance), irregular subdivisions, and small-scale expansions of the field systems. The initial degree of regularity of the field systems seems to have influenced later modifications.

Archaeological Investigations at Mavis Grind, Shetland

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cracknell ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Field System ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Settlement Site

Summary The excavations revealed a stone house and showed that it was oval, 13 m × 10 m, with an interior about 7 m in diameter. In the first occupation phase the entrance was on the SE side. During the second phase this entrance was replaced with one to the NE and the interior was partitioned. The roof was supported on wooden posts. After the building was abandoned it was covered with peat-ash which was subsequently ploughed. There were numerous finds of steatite-tempered pottery and stone implements, which dated the site to late Bronze/early Iron Age. The second settlement, Site B, lay by the shore of the voe and consisted of two possible stone-built houses and a field system. Two trenches were dug across the structures and the results are reported in Appendix I. Although damaged in recent years it was in no further danger.

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