TBE in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Hansmann ◽  
Aurélie Velay
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbev Strain ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Upper Rhine ◽  
Tbev Infection

The first human case of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection in France was reported in 1968 in Alsace, an eastern region next to the German border: a gamekeeper working in a forest near Strasbourg.1 Between 1970 and 1974, an extensive research survey confirmed the presence of TBEV in ticks and rodents in this French region. Eight percent of adult tick batches collected were infected (Ixodes ricinus) by the TBEV. Tick collection occurred in a forest near Strasbourg, the main city in the region. Nymphs were more rarely infected (1.6% of the collected lots).1 These data were confirmed in 2011 in Alsace in Guebwiller’s Valley, a middle altitude forest, with identification of western (European) subtype TBEV (TBEV-EU). The infection rate still remains low: TBEV was detected only in the I. ricinus nymphs (2.48%) that were collected during May; however, not in those collected during the other spring or summer months. In a more recent study, Bestehorn et al., collected ticks (953 male, 856 female adult ticks and 2,255 nymphs) in endemic foci in the upper Rhine region in France and Germany between 2016, 2017 and 2018 by flagging2. The minimal infection rate (MIR) of the collected ticks in the Foret de la Robertsau (France) was estimated to 0,11% (1 nymph/944 ticks). The isolated and sequenced TBEV strain from Foret de la Robertsau (F) is related to circulating TBEV isolates from eastern Bavaria and the Czech Republic. In the French department Alsace, there are today at least two independent TBEV strains circulating: the historical Alsace strain isolated in 1971 and the newly identified strain from Foret de la Robertsau. Other wooded regions (Ardennes) were explored for TBEV in ticks, but without evidence of virus infection.

TBE in France

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Tick ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection ◽  
European Subtype ◽  
Main City ◽  
French Region

The first human case of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection in France was reported in 1968 in Alsace, an eastern region next to the German border: a gamekeeper working in a forest near Strasbourg.1 Between 1970 and 1974, an extensive research survey confirmed the presence of TBEV in ticks and rodents in this French region. Eight percent of adult tick batches collected were infected (Ixodes ricinus) by the TBEV. Tick collection occurred in a forest near Strasbourg, the main city in the region. Nymphs were more rarely infected (1.6% of the collected lots).1 These data were confirmed in 2011 in Alsace in Guebwiller’s Valley, a middle altitude forest, with identification of western (European) subtype TBEV (TBEV-EU).

TBE in France

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Hansmann ◽  
Aurélie Velay
Keyword(s):  
Human Case ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection

The first human case of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection in France was reported in 1968 in Alsace, an eastern region next to the German border: a gamekeeper working in a forest near Strasbourg.

scholarly journals First human case of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection acquired in the Netherlands, July 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris A de Graaf ◽  
Johan H J Reimerink ◽  
G Paul Voorn ◽  
Elisabeth A bij de Vaate ◽  
Ankje de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection

In July 2016, the first autochthonous case of tick-borne encephalitis was diagnosed in the Netherlands, five days after a report that tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) had been found in Dutch ticks. A person in their 60s without recent travel history suffered from neurological symptoms after a tick bite. TBEV serology was positive and the tick was positive in TBEV qRT-PCR. TBEV infection should be considered in patients with compatible symptoms in the Netherlands.

TBE in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Young Song
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Although no human case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been documented in South Korea to date, surveillance studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in wild ticks.

scholarly journals Infection and injury of human astrocytes by tick-borne encephalitis virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 2411-2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Palus ◽  
Tomáš Bílý ◽  
Jana Elsterová ◽  
Helena Langhansová ◽  
Jiří Salát ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Human Astrocytes ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), represents the most important flaviviral neural infection in Europe and north-eastern Asia. In the central nervous system (CNS), neurons are the primary target for TBEV infection; however, infection of non-neuronal CNS cells, such as astrocytes, is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the interaction between TBEV and primary human astrocytes. We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that primary human astrocytes are sensitive to TBEV infection, although the infection did not affect their viability. The infection induced a marked increase in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astrocyte activation. In addition, expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and several key pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor α, interferon α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon γ-induced protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein, but not monocyte chemotactic protein 1) was upregulated. Moreover, we present a detailed description of morphological changes in TBEV-infected cells, as investigated using three-dimensional electron tomography. Several novel ultrastructural changes were observed, including the formation of unique tubule-like structures of 17.9 ±0.15 nm diameter with associated viral particles and/or virus-induced vesicles and located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the TBEV-infected cells. This is the first demonstration that TBEV infection activates primary human astrocytes. The infected astrocytes might be a potential source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TBEV-infected brain, and might contribute to the TBEV-induced neurotoxicity and blood–brain barrier breakdown that occurs during TBE. The neuropathological significance of our observations is also discussed.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Severe Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Rituximab-Treated Patients in Germany: Implications for Diagnosis and Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp A Steininger ◽  
Tobias Bobinger ◽  
Wenke Dietrich ◽  
De-Hyung Lee ◽  
Michael Knott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection

Abstract Rituximab (RTX) has become a standard therapy for certain B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. We report 2 RTX-treated patients who developed severe tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection. The inability to generate new antibody responses renders RTX-treated patients susceptible to TBEV, impedes laboratory diagnosis, and necessitates preventive vaccination in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Tick populations from endemic and non-endemic areas in Germany show differential susceptibility to TBEV

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Liebig ◽  
Mathias Boelke ◽  
Domenic Grund ◽  
Sabine Schicht ◽  
Andrea Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
In Vitro Feeding ◽  
Tbev Infection

Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is endemic in twenty-seven European countries, transmitted via the bite of an infected tick. TBEV is the causative agent of one of the most important viral diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In Germany, 890 human cases were registered between the years 2018–2019. The castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the TBEV vector with the highest importance in Central Europe, including Germany. Despite the nationwide distribution of this tick species, risk areas of TBEV are largely located in Southern Germany. To increase our understanding of TBEV-tick interactions, we collected ticks from different areas within Germany (Haselmühl/Bavaria, Hanover/Lower Saxony) and infected them via an in vitro feeding system. A TBEV isolate was obtained from an endemic focus in Haselmühl. In two experimental series conducted in 2018 and 2019, ticks sampled in Haselmühl (TBEV focus) showed higher artificial feeding rates, as well as higher TBEV infections rates than ticks from the non-endemic area (Hanover). Other than the tick origin, year and month of the infection experiment as well as co-infection with Borrelia spp., had a significant impact on TBEV Haselmühl infection rates. Taken together, these findings suggest that a specific adaptation of the tick populations to their respective TBEV virus isolates or vice versa, leads to higher TBEV infection rates in those ticks. Furthermore, co-infection with other tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia spp. can lower TBEV infection rates in specific populations.

scholarly journals A Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3 Gene (TLR3) May Be a Risk Factor for Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Kindberg ◽  
Sirkka Vene ◽  
Aukse Mickiene ◽  
Åke Lundkvist ◽  
Lars Lindquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection

scholarly journals Spectrum of antiviral activity of 4-aminopyrimidine N-oxides against a broad panel of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 204020662094346
Author(s):  
Evgenia V Dueva ◽  
Ksenia K Tuchynskaya ◽  
Liubov I Kozlovskaya ◽  
Dmitry I Osolodkin ◽  
Kseniya N Sedenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbev Strain ◽  
Amino Phenol ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Immature Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis is an important human arbovirus neuroinfection spread across the Northern Eurasia. Inhibitors of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain Absettarov, presumably targeting E protein n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (β-OG) pocket, were reported earlier. In this work, these inhibitors were tested in vitro against seven strains representing three main TBEV subtypes. The most potent compound, 2-[(2-methyl-1-oxido-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-yl)amino]-phenol, showed EC50 values lower than 22 µM against all the tested strains. Nevertheless, EC50 values for virus samples of certain strains demonstrated a substantial variation, which appeared to be consistent with the presence of E protein not only in infectious virions, but also in non-infectious and immature virus particles, protein aggregates, and membrane complexes.

scholarly journals Nucleoside Inhibitors of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5483-5493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Eyer ◽  
James J. Valdés ◽  
Victor A. Gil ◽  
Radim Nencka ◽  
Hubert Hřebabecký ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Porcine Kidney ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tbev Infection

ABSTRACTTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a leading cause of human neuroinfections in Europe and Northeast Asia. There are no antiviral therapies for treating TBEV infection. A series of nucleoside analogues was tested for the ability to inhibit the replication of TBEV in porcine kidney cells and human neuroblastoma cells. The interactions of three nucleoside analogues with viral polymerase were simulated using advanced computational methods. The nucleoside analogues 7-deaza-2′-C-methyladenosine (7-deaza-2′-CMA), 2′-C-methyladenosine (2′-CMA), and 2′-C-methylcytidine (2′-CMC) inhibited TBEV replication. These compounds showed dose-dependent inhibition of TBEV-induced cytopathic effects, TBEV replication (50% effective concentrations [EC50]of 5.1 ± 0.4 μM for 7-deaza-2′-CMA, 7.1 ± 1.2 μM for 2′-CMA, and 14.2 ± 1.9 μM for 2′-CMC) and viral antigen production. Notably, 2′-CMC was relatively cytotoxic to porcine kidney cells (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] of ∼50 μM). The anti-TBEV effect of 2′-CMA in cell culture diminished gradually after day 3 posttreatment. 7-Deaza-2′-CMA showed no detectable cellular toxicity (CC50> 50 μM), and the antiviral effect in culture was stable for >6 days posttreatment. Computational molecular analyses revealed that compared to the other two compounds, 7-deaza-2′-CMA formed a large cluster near the active site of the TBEV polymerase. High antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity suggest that 7-deaza-2′-CMA is a promising candidate for further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent in treating TBEV infection.

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