scholarly journals Agronomic potential of four rock powders, pure or mixed, as soil remineralizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e169101724828
Author(s):  
Gabriel Octávio de Mello Cunha ◽  
Jaime Antonio de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Maximum Content

Detailed knowledge of chemical, petrographic and mineralogical compositions as well as the effects of applying rock powder on soil chemical properties and plant production are required for classifying these materials as soil remineralizers (SR), as according to Brazilian legislation in force. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of rock powders siltstone, tephrite and olivine melilitite, pure or mixed, on improving the fertility of a Cambisol and a Nitisol as well as the yield of soybean and barley crops grown in succession inside a greenhouse. For that purpose, these products were characterized as their granulometry, chemical, mineralogical and petrographic compositions. Based on the results, it was verified which products met the requirements for registration as SR established by the Normative Instruction Number 5 (NI5) from MAPA. Elemental chemical and grain size analyses indicated that all tested products met the NI5 requirements for their registration as SR. The mineral composition identified through petrographic analyses was confirmed by analyses performed via X-ray diffractometry techniques. Olivine melilitite rock, pure or mixed with siltstone, had the highest agronomic potential when compared to other powders, thus acknowledged as a SR. Although tephrite had little agronomic response on evaluated soils and crops, it also meets the SR requirements. Siltstone fulfilled most of NI5 criteria, except for exceeding the maximum content of free silica (quartz); therefore, it likely does not meet the requirements for its admittance as a SR.

scholarly journals Effects of Altitude on the Pomological Characteristics and Chemical Properties of ‘Chandler’ Walnuts: A Case Study in Uşak Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Nurhan Büyüksolak ◽  
Mehmet Atilla Aşkın ◽  
İbrahim Kahramanoğlu ◽  
Volkan Okatan
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Mineral Matter

This research was conducted to investigate some quality parameters of nuts of walnut (<em>Juglans regia </em>L.) ‘Chandler’ grown at different altitudes. Studies were conducted in Eşme Town, Uşak Province, in three different villages situated at an average altitude of 650 m, 800 m, and 900 m. Studies were conducted in Karaahmetli, Takmak, and Yeşilkavak villages in the 2012–2013 production year and orchards with similar soil and topography characteristics were selected. Plant protection, plant production, and other cultivation practices in the sampled orchards were also noted and orchards with the same attributes were selected. During the harvesting period, regular measurements were taken to determine correct time for harvesting. Nuts were hand-harvested when the color of the membrane separating the kernel and outer parts turned brown. A total of 35–40 nuts were randomly selected and harvested from the three orchards and 15 of those were randomly selected for further analysis. Nut weight, internal (kernel) weight, shell thickness, kernel color, dry matter, moisture, ash, protein, oil, mineral matter, and free fatty acid composition were determined. Results showed that the site altitude significantly influences walnut’s quality and it is highly important to consider the site altitude as a factor before planting new orchards. Results showed that nut height, nut width, nut length, nut weight, kernel weight, shell thickness, oil content, phosphorus content, magnesium content, oleic acid, and linolenic acid increase with an increase in altitude. On the other hand, kernel ratio, total nitrogen, and protein content were found to decrease with increasing site altitude.

Liquid Chromatography in Migration Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Carlsen ◽  
Walther Batsberg
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Geochemical Environment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Media ◽  
A Site ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

A detailed knowledge of the geochemical environment of a site for the disposal of radioactive waste is of fundamental importance. To evaluate the migration behaviour of radionuclides in geological media a series of data are needed, amongst others a number of physico-chemical properties of the media, such as permeability, porosity, dispersion-, diffusion-, and sorption characteristics. In this connection liquid chromatography appears to be advantageous as a facile experimental technique to obtain relevant data for these physico-chemical properties.

On the Relationship of Microstructure, Toughness, and Hardness Properties in a Submerged Arc Welded API-5L Grade X65 Pipeline Steel Section

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Aucott ◽  
Shuwen Wen ◽  
Hongbiao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Upper Bainite ◽  
Submerged Arc

In order to further improve welded pipeline performance, a detailed knowledge of the key and interlinking relationships between the chemistry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joint is needed. In this paper, the results of optical emission spectroscopy analysis on the as welded chemical properties of a submerged arc welded API-5L grade X65 linepipe are first presented. The microstructure of the various weld regions is then assessed against the results of the chemical analysis using a series of microscopy techniques. A fine grained ferrite-degenerate pearlite microstructure was observed within the base metal of the linepipe along with large (1.5 μm) cuboidal Ti (C, N) precipitates. Within the heat affected zone (HAZ) close to the molten weld joint, grain growth occurred with small volume fractions of induced upper bainite present within the microstructure. The fusion zone of the submerged arc weld joint consists of predominantly acicular ferrite with a small volume of grain boundary phases and a high number of large (0.8 μm) spherical Ti (C, N) precipitates. The results of Vickers hardness tests carried out at two length scales (macro + micro) show clear relations between the hardening effects of the cementite enriched degenerate pearlite and induced upper bainite phases within the base metal and HAZ respectively. Fractography analysis of Charpy impact test samples across the submerged arc welded joint found that the large Ti (C, N) precipitates within the fusion zone appear to be acting as microvoid initiation sites for the ductile fracture and as such contributing to the relatively low toughness properties within the fusion zone. Finally, the potential benefits of reducing the Ti content in both the welding wires and X65 base metal for further improvement of the mechanical properties of the linepipe weld joint are discussed in regards to reducing the size of the coarse Ti (C, N) precipitates within the base metal, HAZ and fusion zone.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ALTERNATIVE MULTINUTRIENT SOURCES ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Martins ◽  
Douglas Ramos Guelfi Silva ◽  
Giuliano Marchi ◽  
Maurício Cunha Almeida Leite ◽  
Éder de Souza Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultramafic Rock ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
High Price ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Rock Mining ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Alternative Sources

The current high price of potassium chloride and the dependence of Brazil on imported materials to supply the domestic demand call for studies evaluating the efficiency of alternative sources of nutrients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicate rock powder and a manganese mining by-product, and secondary materials originated from these two materials, on soil chemical properties and on brachiaria production. This greenhouse experiment was conducted in pots with 5 kg of soil (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico - Oxisol). The alternative nutrient sources were: verdete, verdete treated with NH4OH, phonolite, ultramafic rock, mining waste and the proportion of 75 % of these K fertilizers and 25 % lime. Mixtures containing 25 % of lime were heated at 800 ºC for 1 h. These sources were applied at rates of 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 K2O, and incubated for 45 days. The mixtures of heated silicate rocks with lime promoted higher increases in soil pH in decreasing order: ultramafic rock>verdete>phonolite>mining waste. Applying the mining waste-lime mixture increased soil exchangeable K, and available P when ultramafic rock was incorporated. When ultramafic rock was applied, the release of Ca2+ increased significantly. Mining subproduct released the highest amount of Zn2+ and Mn2+ to the soil. The application of alternative sources of K, with variable chemical composition, altered the nutrient availability and soil chemical properties, improving mainly plant development and K plant uptake, and are important nutrient sources.

scholarly journals (45) Root Growth of Three Horticultural Crops Grown in Pine Bark-amended Cotton Gin Compost

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054C-1054
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Cotton Gin

In the southeastern United States, inconsistent pine bark (PB) supplies and overabundance of cotton gin by-products warrant investigation about the feasibility of replacing PB with cotton gin compost (CGC) for container horticultural plant production. Most research on the use of composted organic substrates for horticultural plant production has focused on shoot growth responses, so there is a need to document the effect of these substrates on root growth. In 2004, `Blitz' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), `Hot Country' lantana (Lantana camara `Hot Country'), and weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) were placed in Horhizotrons to evaluate root growth in 100% PB and three PB:CGC substrates containing, by volume, 60:40 PB:CGC, 40:60 PB:CGC, and 0:100 PB:CGC. Horhizotrons were placed in a greenhouse, and root growth in all substrates was measured for each cultivar. Physical properties (total porosity, water holding capacity, air space, and bulk density) and chemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH) were determined for all substrates. Physical properties of 100% PB were within recommended guidelines and were either within or above recommended ranges for all PB:CGC substrate blends. Chemical properties of all substrates were within or above recommended guidelines. Root growth of all species in substrates containing CGC was similar to or more enhanced than root growth in 100% PB.

Root Growth of Three Horticultural Crops Grown in Pine Bark Amended Cotton Gin Compost

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Joseph M. Kemble
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Cotton Gin

Abstract In the southeastern United States, inconsistent pine bark (PB) supplies and overabundance of cotton gin by products warrant investigation about the feasibility of replacing PB with cotton gin compost (CGC) for container horticultural plant production. Most research on the use of composted organic substrates for horticultural plant production has focused on shoot growth responses, so there is a need to document the effect of these substrates on root growth. In 2004 ‘Blitz’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), ‘Hot Country’ lantana (Lantana camara Mill. ‘Hot Country’), and weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) were placed in Horhizotrons™ to evaluate root growth in 100% PB and three PB:CGC substrates containing by volume, 60:40 PB:CGC, 40:60 PB:CGC, and 0:100 PB:CGC. Horhizotrons™ were placed in a greenhouse, and root growth in all substrates was measured for each cultivar. Physical properties (total porosity, water holding capacity, air space, and bulk density) and chemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH) were determined for all substrates. Physical properties of 100% PB were within recommended guidelines and were either within or above recommended ranges for all PB:CGC substrate blends. Chemical properties of all substrates were within or above recommended guidelines. Root growth of all species in substrates containing CGC was similar to or more enhanced than root growth in 100% PB.

EFFECT OF PLANT ROOTS ON CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SURROUNDING DISCRETE SOIL ZONES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Blue Grama ◽  
Wheat Field

The chemical and biochemical properties within and immediately adjacent to the root zone of two grass species were studied over a 5-wk period. The experiment utilized a simple container comprising five sandwiched compartments giving a center or "rhizosphere" zone, two intermediate zones, and two outer zones. Soil samples were taken from an Orthic Brown, Dark Brown, and Black Chernozemic Ah horizon and from the Orthic Dark Brown Chernozemic Ap horizons of the unfertilized part of a continuous wheat field and the fallow field of a wheat-fallow rotation, both under cultivation for 70 yr. The two grasses were blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag.) and rye (Secale céréale L. 'Frontier'). High root densities were achieved by the end of the study, especially with the blue grama. Changes in pH over time were slight but consistent; they decreased in the Black Chernozemic soil and increased in the other soils. A redistribution of labile phosphorus was caused by the presence of the plant roots. The Orthic Dark Brown Ah and Ap horizon soils reacted differently to the conditions of the study. Monosaccharides always increased in the rhizosphere zone and generally decreased in the zone adjacent to the rhizosphere zone in the case of rye and in the outside zone in the case of blue grama. The ratio galactose + mannose/arabinose + xylose always increased towards the outer zone. Although the presence of roots influenced the measured chemical properties of the soil surrounding them, there were no overall common trends. The results, even in this simplified system, demonstrated complex and interrelated effects (P < 0.01) of soil type, plant species, and time on the biochemical dynamics in and near the rhizosphere. The properties of rhizosphere soil are system specific. To interpret the processes within the system, detailed knowledge of the soil organic matter, the physiology of the species root, and the effect on each other is obligatory. Key words: Rhizosphere, Chernozemic Ah/Ap horizons, blue grama, rye, monosaccharides

scholarly journals Bovine manure and rock powder and their influences on the chemical characteristics of a Latossolo soil type (yellow oxisols) under butter kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Micaela Benigna Pereira ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Neriane Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Leandro Gonçalves Dos Santos ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Different Doses

Chemical soil quality is one of the factors more quickly affected by anthropogenic degradation processes and is one of the more important components for the development of agriculture. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of cattle manure and rock powder on the chemical characteristics of soil cultivated with butter kale. The treatments were arranged in five randomized blocks in a 4´4 factorial for the different doses of bovine manure (60, 120, 180 and 240 g/plant) combined with doses of rock powder (6, 12, 18 and 24 g/plant). Each block was composed of three plots, 18 m long and 1 m wide. The bed was composed of six portions, and each experimental plot consisted of 14 plants spaced at 0.40´0.40 m. At the end of the experiment, the following were analyzed: pH, organic matter, P, K, Na, Mg, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), sum of base and base saturation. The doses of bovine manure and MB-4 provided an increase in pH, organic matter, concentration of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, sum of the base and saturation of the soil base. The doses of 240 g of cattle manure and 24 g of rock dust generated an increase in the chemical properties of the soil.

scholarly journals Depth-Wise Fertility Status of Cultivated Soils in Low and Mid Hill Regions of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Gazala Nazir ◽  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
Deepika Suri ◽  
. Anjali
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Detailed knowledge of the soil nutrient status is required in site-specific crop production systems. Moreover, the vertical distribution of plant nutrients is most important for plant production. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the depth-wise soil fertility status of low and mid hill zones of Himachal Pradesh based on thirty-one (31)soil profiles. Geo-referenced depth-wise soil samples were collected. These thirty-one (31) soils sampling sites were selected to represent the cultivated soils (Entisols, Alfisolsand Inceptisols) under major land-use systemsof low and mid-hill zones of Himachal Pradesh. The results of the soil nutrient status revealed that low to medium content of available N, P and S, low to medium content of available K except fewsubsurface horizons in Inceptisolswas found in most of the soils of low hill zone. Under different land-use systems in mid-hill zone, medium to high content of available N and K, low to medium of available P, low to high of available Swas found in most of the soils. Generally, surface soils had a higher mean values of N, P, S, Cu and Zn and lower values of K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn. Alfisols had higher value of all the nutrients as compared to Entisols and Inceptisols.

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