scholarly journals Essentials public health functions and public health genomics in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e1610514731
Author(s):  
Fabricio González-Andrade ◽  
Gabriela Aguinaga-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Medical Genetics ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Central Objective ◽  
Public Health Functions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Social Debate

Aim: This paper aims to analyze the EPHF in MG in Ecuador as a framework for integrating it into clinical practice. It also aims to contribute to the scientific and social debate on the MG role, considering it the most advanced science field today. Context: the Essentials Public Health Functions (EPHF) are actions for specific purposes necessary to achieve the central objective of Public Health (PH), which is to improve, promote, protect, and restore the population's health through collective action. Medical Genetics (MG) and Genomics are still in construction between public policies, especially in developing countries, and deserve an in-depth approach in this context. Discussion: We understand collective health as an inter-institutional and interdisciplinary social practice, which involves both the State and civil society, aims at protecting and improving people's health. It implies population or community interventions; it includes the responsibility to ensure access and health care quality. Within this practice are the EPHF, defined as actions carried out for specific purposes necessary to achieve the PH Practice's central objective. Each function's operation depends on a sufficient definition of contents, objectives, and activities and on the specific assignment of who is responsible for their execution. Conclusion: The EPHF guides public health policies in Latin America and Ecuador. From this perspective, medical genetics and genomics must be included as a priority in the country's public policy. In this review, we propose the activities to be implemented in this context. This challenge requires political and scientific leadership.

Inclusion of Caregivers in Veterans’ Care: A Critical Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755872094428
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Boucher ◽  
Megan Shepherd-Banigan ◽  
Kevin McKenna ◽  
Roxana E. Delgado ◽  
Kimberly Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
System Level ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Caregiver Role ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Critical Literature

More direct inclusion of informal caregivers (i.e., family, friends) in patients’ care will make care more patient- and family-centered and has the potential to improve overall quality of care for patients. We need to understand what potentially comprises “inclusive care” so that we can define what “inclusive care” is and develop targets for care quality metrics. We conducted a critical literature review to identify key components of “caregiver inclusion.” Focusing on extant literature from 2005 to 2017, 35 papers met inclusion criteria. Directed content analysis with constant comparison was used to identify major themes related to a concept of “inclusive care.” Our analysis indicates that “inclusive care” entails five components: clear definition of caregiver role, system level policies for inclusion, explicit involvement of caregiver, provider assessment of caregiver capability, and mutuality in caregiver–provider communication. We discuss the evidence behind these five components using the Donabedian health care quality conceptual model.

scholarly journals Identificação do paciente como estratégia de segurança

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ventura-Silva ◽  
Susana Filipa Mendes Castro ◽  
Sandrina Gomes Sousa ◽  
Nuno Edgar Carones Esteves ◽  
Maria Amélia José Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Health Care Quality Assurance ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
And Training

Objetivo: relatar a experiência na construção de um projeto de melhoria contínua da qualidade para a identificação inequívoca do paciente. Método: trata-se de um descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, que compartilha a construção de um projeto que tem como finalidade a identificação inequívoca do paciente, no contexto hospitalar, segundo o referencial da Ordem dos Enfermeiros de Portugal. Resultados: apresentaram-se em oito etapas: identificação e descrição do problema; percepção do problema e suas causas; formulação de objetivos; definição do público-alvo e critérios de inclusão/exclusão; planejamento e execução das atividades; verificação dos resultados; proposta de medidas corretivas; uniformização e capacitação da equipe e, finalmente, reconhecimento e compartilhamento do sucesso. Conclusão: conclui-se que a identificação inequívoca do paciente se torna fundamental para diminuir os incidentes no decorrer da prestação de cuidados. Sugere-se, assim, criar estratégias para sensibilizar os profissionais para a implementação do procedimento de modo a garantir a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados prestados. Descritores: Segurança; Paciente; Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde; Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde; Enfermagem; Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros.AbstractObjective: to report the experience in the construction of a project of continuous quality improvement for the unequivocal identification of the patient. Method: it is a descriptive, type of experience report, which shares the construction of a project that aims to unequivocally identify the patient, in the hospital context, according to the framework of the Order of Nurses of Portugal. Results: presented in eight stages: identification and description of the problem; perception of the problem and its causes; formulation of objectives; definition of the target audience and inclusion / exclusion criteria; planning and execution of activities; verification of results; corrective measures proposal; uniformity and training of the team and, finally, recognition and sharing of success. Conclusion: it is concluded that the unequivocal identification of the patient becomes essential to reduce the incidents during the provision of care. It is suggested, therefore, to create strategies to sensitize professionals to the implementation of the procedure in order to guarantee the quality and safety of the care provided. Descriptors:  Safety; Patients; Quality of Health Care; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Nursing; Nurses.ResumenObjetivo: reportar la experiencia en la construcción de un proyecto de mejora continua de la calidad para la identificación inequívoca del paciente. Método: es un informe descriptivo, de tipo de experiencia, que comparte la construcción de un proyecto que tiene como objetivo identificar inequívocamente al paciente, en el contexto hospitalario, de acuerdo con el marco de la Orden de Enfermeros de Portugal. Resultados: presentados en ocho etapas: identificación y descripción del problema; percepción del problema y sus causas; formulación de objetivos; definición del público objetivo y criterios de inclusión / exclusión; planificación y ejecución de actividades; verificación de resultados; propuesta de medidas correctivas; uniformidad y formación del equipo y, finalmente, reconocimiento y reparto del éxito. Conclusión: se concluye que la identificación inequívoca del paciente se vuelve esencial para reducir los incidentes durante la prestación de la atención. Se sugiere, por lo tanto, crear estrategias para sensibilizar a los profesionales sobre la implementación del procedimiento a fin de garantizar la calidad y seguridad de la atención brindada. Descriptores:  Seguridad; Pacientes; Calidad de la Atención de Salud; Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud; Enfermería; Enfermeras y Enfermeros.

scholarly journals Positioning food standards programmes to protect public health: current performance, future opportunities and necessary reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Andrew Lawrence ◽  
Christina Mary Pollard ◽  
Tarun Stephen Weeramanthri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Public Health Protection

AbstractObjectiveTo assess current performance and identify opportunities and reforms necessary for positioning a food standards programme to help protect public health against dietary risk factors.DesignA case study design in which a food standards programme’s public health protection performance was analysed against an adapted Donabedian model for assessing health-care quality. The criteria were the food standards programme’s structure (governance arrangements and membership of its decision-making committees), process (decision-making tools, public engagement and transparency) and food standards outcomes, which provided the information base on which performance quality was inferred.SettingThe Australia and New Zealand food standards programme.ParticipantsThe structure, process and outcomes of the Programme.ResultsThe Programme’s structure and processes produce food standards outcomes that perform well in protecting public health from risks associated with nutrient intake excess or inadequacy. The Programme performs less well in protecting public health from the proliferation and marketing of ‘discretionary’ foods that can exacerbate dietary risks. Opportunities to set food standards to help protect public health against dietary risks are identified.ConclusionsThe structures and decision-making processes used in food standards programmes need to be reformed so they are fit for purpose for helping combat dietary risks caused by dietary excess and imbalances. Priorities include reforming the risk analysis framework, including the nutrient profiling scoring criterion, by extending their nutrition science orientation from a nutrient (reductionist) paradigm to be more inclusive of a food/diet (holistic) paradigm.

scholarly journals Asthma Disparity Photovoice: The Discourses of Black Adolescent and Public Health Policymakers

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Andrew Evans-Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Marginalized Youth

Background. Policies in U.S. public schools that address asthma management for Black adolescents may not sufficiently transform sociocultural determinants of disparities. A critical analysis of public health policy maker and adolescent discourses on asthma management using an ecological framework could inform policy development. This study describes the discourses of asthma management disparities of school and other public health policymakers and Black adolescents with asthma during a statewide asthma planning activity. Method. I conducted a qualitative critical discourse analysis on transcripts and phototexts from a photovoice project with Black adolescents with asthma (n = 19), an asthma-planning meeting with school and public health policymakers (n = 12), and an observation of a photovoice dissemination event that included the same adolescents and policymakers. Results. Policymakers did not discuss sociocultural discourses concerning asthma management disparities such as racism and discrimination, but the adolescents did. The only shared discourses between adolescents and policymakers were on the management of indoor environments, health care quality, inadequate housing, and outdoor air pollution. Conclusions. Including Black adolescents in policymaking activities concerning asthma management disparities furthers the identification of differing and shared discourses. School policies should include multilevel strategies that address structural inequities. Photovoice presents an opportunity for including the voice of marginalized youth in policy-planning processes.

scholarly journals Does quality of care entail environmental impact? A blind spot in our knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Leonie M. S. Veltman ◽  
Diana M. J. Delnoij ◽  
Hans C. Ossebaard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
It Efficiency ◽  
Conceptual Relationship

This scoping review examines the conceptual relationship between the terms “environmental sustainability” and “quality of care” as used in academic studies on health care. We performed searches in Scopus and PubMed looking for potential semantic and practical associations between sustainability and quality of care, including potential conflicts. For the first part about associations, 11 search strings were used resulting in 1,488 studies of which 8 were eventually selected for analysis. For the latter part about conflicts, 4 search strings were used resulting in 45 studies of which 6 remained for analysis. Information about the following aspects was extracted from the studies that were included: interpretation and definition of sustainability, dimensions of quality of care, and tensions between quality and sustainability. Merely a few studies address a relationship betweenenvironmental sustainability and quality of care. Only “patient-centredness” and “safety” are associated with sustainability in academic literature. “Effectiveness” is rather interpreted as opposing it. “Efficiency” seems to be both associated and opposed to sustainability. The conceptual relationship between environmental sustainability and quality of care has not been thouroughly examined in academic studies which implies a blind spot in our knowledge. Only one study reports on conceptual and practical work for incorporating sustainability as a dimension of health care quality.

scholarly journals Understanding the Patient Experience: A Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-910
Author(s):  
Patrick Oben
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Definition Of

The patient experience is now globally recognized as an independent dimension of health-care quality. However, although patients, providers, health-care managers, and policy-makers agree on its importance, there is no standardized definition of the patient experience. A clear understanding of the basic concepts that make up the foundation of the patient experience is more important than a statement defining the patient experience. The fundamental nature of health care involves people taking care of other people in unique times of distress. Thus, the human experience is at the very core of understanding what the patient experience is. This article reviews a framework of the basic human experience of patients as they progress from being unique, healthy individuals to a state of experiencing both disease and health-care services. This novel framework naturally leads to a basic understanding of the patient experience as a human experience of health-care services.

Public Health Genomics, Biobanking, and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 663-677
Author(s):  
Karen M. Meagher ◽  
R. Jean Cadigan ◽  
Gail E. Henderson ◽  
Eric Juengst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Public Health Genomics ◽  
Health Care Quality Improvement

As large-scale biobanks are developed for translational genomic research and health care quality improvement, they are also becoming attractive as sites for public health interventions, such as population-based preventive sequencing for actionable variants. With the rapid advance of next-generation sequencing, the feasibility of such population health interventions is also increasing. The resulting confluence of public health norms, fiduciary clinical obligations, and ethical expectations for research creates a number of challenges. This chapter on public health genomics examines three examples of projects facing such challenges, in order to anticipate the ethical and policy issues that public health uses of research biobanks raise for those responsible for their design and governance. The chapter looks at issues of informed consent, return of results, and community engagement.

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