scholarly journals Forage productivity and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça under defoliations intensities and frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e42910817494
Author(s):  
Newton de Lucena Costa ◽  
Liana Jank ◽  
João Avelar Magalhães ◽  
Amaury Burlamaqui Bendahan ◽  
Braz Henrique Nunes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Forage Utilization

The effects of defoliation frequency (28, 35, 42 and 49 days) and defoliation intensity (30, 40 and 50 cm above the ground) on green dry matter (GDM) yield, and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça were evaluated under natural field conditions at the Roraima´s savannas. Defoliation regimes affect productivity and chemical composition of grass forage. The decrease in the pasture defoliation frequency and intensity improved the accumulation of forage, however it reduces the tissue concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg and K. Irrespective of defoliation frequencies, the highest levels of N (23.99 g kg-1), P (2.12 g kg-1), Ca (4.22 g kg-1), Mg (2.87 g kg-1) and K (21.45 g kg-1) were recorded for the defoliation intensity at 40 cm above the ground. The use of defoliation frequency around 42 days and defoliation intensity of 42,9 cm above the ground can be considered adequate for the management of pastures of P. maximum cv. Mombaça, in order to provides higher forage productivity and quality, regrowth vigor, larger efficiency of forage utilization, greater tissue renewal and canopy structure more favorable to grazing.

scholarly journals Forage productivity and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tamani under defoliations regimes

PubVet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Newton de Lucena Costa ◽  
Liana Jank ◽  
João Avelar Magalhães ◽  
Antônio Neri Azevedo Rodrigues ◽  
Amaury Burlamaqui Bendahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Forage Utilization

The effects of defoliation frequency (21, 28, 35 and 42 days) and defoliation intensity (20, 30 and 40 cm above the ground) on green dry matter (GDM) yield, and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tamani were evaluated under natural field conditions at the Roraima´s savannas. Defoliation regimes affect productivity and chemical composition of M. maximus cv. Tamani forage. The decrease in the pasture defoliation frequency and intensity improved the accumulation of forage, however it reduces the tissue concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg and K. Irrespective of defoliation frequencies, the highest levels of N (25.31 g kg-1), P (2.11 g kg-1), Mg (2.78 g kg-1) and K (21.13 g kg-1) were recorded for the defoliation intensity at 40 cm above the ground, except for Ca (4.31 g kg-1), where the greatest concentration was obtained with defoliations at 30 cm above the ground. The use of defoliation frequency around 32 days and defoliation intensity of 28 cm above the ground can be considered adequate for the management of pastures of M. maximus cv. Tamani, in order to provides higher forage productivity and quality, regrowth vigor, larger efficiency of forage utilization, greater tissue renewal and canopy structure more favorable to grazing.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro ruminal degradation of hay and silage from tropical grasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Arroquy ◽  
M. V. Cornacchione ◽  
D. Colombatto ◽  
C. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Arroquy, J. I., Cornacchione, M. V., Colombatto, D. and Kunst, Jr., C. 2014. Chemical composition and in vitro ruminal degradation of hay and silage from tropical grasses. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 705–715. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of preservation type on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal degradation of warm-season grasses (WSG). Treatments consisted of two factors (6×2): the first factor was tropical grasses: Cenchrus ciliaris (cv. Biloela, and cv. Molopo), Chloris gayana (cv. Callide and cv. Finecut), Panicum maximum, and Brachiaria bryzanta; and the second factor was preservation type (hay vs. silage). Cell wall, hemicellulose, cellulose, and water-soluble carbohydrate (P<0.05) concentrations were different among WSG. In general, hay or silage altered fiber content compared with fresh. For instance, hemicellulose and cellulose contents were lower in silage than in hay and fresh grass (P<0.05). Gas production rates were higher in silage from 0 to 24 h of fermentation, except at 4 h of incubation. After 24 h, gas production (GP) rate was similar for both preservation types, whilst potential GP was similar between preservation types. However, silage had decreased lag time compared with hay (P<0.01). Silage had greater dry matter disappearance than hay (P<0.05), and gas production yield was similar for grass species and preservation type. Our results indicate that WSG conserved as silage showed beneficial changes in chemical composition and dry matter degradation compared with hay.

Effect of stage of growth and frequency of cutting on the yield and chemical composition of some Nigerian fodder grasses—Panicum maximum Jacq

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

1. The effects of the stage of growth and frequency of cutting on the yield and chemical composition of Panicum maximum Jacq., under the tropical humid conditions prevailing in Ibadan area were studied in the season 1953 to 1954. The cutting frequencies adopted were seventeen, eight, six and four times harvesting a year which corresponded respectively to a growing period of 3, 6, 8 and 12 weeks before the plants were cut.2. It was shown that Guinea grass gave the highest growth rate and cumulative green fodder yield (approximately 28 tons per acre) per year when allowed a 12-weekly growth cycle. Cutting the grass every 3 weeks gave a total minimum yield of 20 tons per acre. 6-weekly samplings resulted in higher green fodder yield than cutting it every 8 weeks. Such yield differences which exist among the various cutting treatments, however, are not statistically significant. When yields of edible (leafy) green fodder were considered, the order of superiority was 3-weekly > 6-weekly > 12-weekly > 8-weekly.It was shown that the increased yield of green and dry fodder obtained from the 12-weekly cut grass was made up of both fresh regrowth as well as of grasses which had been growing for 12 weeks.3. P. maximum contains a fairly high percentage of dry matter and this increased directly with the length of cutting intervals. Dry-matter yields, like those of green fodder, were highest for the 12-weekly harvested material, followed in order by the 6-weekly cut, the 8-weekly cut and the 3-weekly cut samples. However, the production of leaves and the accumulation of dry matter in them, are inversely related to the length of growing interval up to and including grasses allowed 8-weekly growing periods.4. The stems of P. maximum tend to mature more rapidly than the leaves, particularly at a growing stage of between 3 and 6 weeks of age. At between the 8 and 12 week growth stages, the development of the stem of P. maximum in relation to that of its leaves was not as rapid as observed in the case of either P. purpureum or of Andropogon tectorum.5. The percentage dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, ether extract and calcium are directly related, while those of crude protein, silica-free ash, phosphorus and magnesium, are inversely related to the length of cutting intervals. It was also shown that the mean percentage crude protein of Guinea grass of about 12 at 3 weeks of growth, declined by 45% to 6·4 when the grass was cut every 12 weeks. The grass contains a high amount of magnesium, a reasonably high amount of calcium, but a somewhat low content of phosphorus, a fact which accounts for the wide calcium to phosphorus ratio. This ratio widened with the length of cutting intervals.6. When Panicum maximum was cut at 3 -weekly intervals, it produced 69·3% more protein, 58·5% more silica-free ash, 32·3% more calcium, 49·6% more phosphoric acid, 71% more magnesium and higher amounts of carbohydrate and total nutrient material than when it was allowed to grow for 8 weeks. Similarly when the grass was allowed a 12-weekly growth cycle, it produced 35% more of total nutrient, 36·5% more of carbohydrate material and 62·2% more of calcium than when it was sampled every 8 weeks. It appears totally unprofitable from the point of view of yield of chemical constituents to subject P. maximum to a growth cycle of 8 weeks.7. Yields of green and dry matter and the percentage crude protein, silica-free ash, and nitrogen-free extract are directly related to the degree of precipitation. In general periods of high rainfall were accompanied by higher yields and percentage content of these constituents, while periods of low rainfall gave rise to smaller yields. The percentage content of crude fibre, on the other hand, was inversely related to rainfall.

Effect of six-weekly harvests on the yield, chemical composition and dry matter degradability of Panicum maximum and Stylosanthes hamata in Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bamikole ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu ◽  
I. Ezenwa ◽  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
J. Akinlade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

scholarly journals Fermentative profile and nutritive value of corn silage with Tamani guinea grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2733-2746
Author(s):  
Francielly Paludo ◽  
◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Mariana Borges de Castro Dias ◽  
Fábio Adriano Santos e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Protein Fractionation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Guinea Grass

The use of silage has been an efficient alternative to feed supply during the shortage of roughage in dry periods, providing quality feed that is widely used in ruminant feeding. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and nutritive value of corn silage with Tamani guinea grass (Panicum maximum BRS cv. Tamani) through chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and protein fractionation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five silages: corn; corn with 10% Tamani guinea grass; corn with 20% Tamani guinea grass; corn with 30% Tamani guinea grass; and corn with 40% Tamani guinea grass, totalling 20 experimental silos. The addition of tamani grass to silages was determined based on fresh matter. For ensiling, corn was harvested with 320 g kg-1 DM (dry matter) and Tamani guinea grass in a 30-day development cycle with 286 g kg-1 DM. After 50 days of silage, the silos were opened to analyse the fermentative characteristics, chemical composition and protein fractionation of the silage. The results showed that the addition of Tamani guinea grass in corn silage increased the pH and buffering capacity and reduced the dry matter and lactic acid concentration but did not compromise the fermentative characteristics of silages. The addition of 40% Tamani guinea grass in corn silage provided increased levels of crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, protein A, B1 and C, and decreased the fractions B3 and C, which makes Tamani guinea grass an alternative to improve the quality of exclusive corn silage, resulting in better quality silage.

Variation of leaf characteristics with level of insertion on a grass tiller. I. Development rate, chemical composition and dry matter digestibility

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stage Of Development

The influence of leaf insertion level on the characteristics of blades and sheaths on primary tillers of a grass, Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, was examined for plants grown under controlled light, temperature and nutritional conditions. Leaves from insertion levels 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13 from the base of the tiller were harvested when first fully expanded and at 5, 10 and 20 days thereafter. The flag leaf (leaf 16) was harvested at full expansion only. Leaves of high insertion level developed more slowly, stayed green longer, and senesced more slowly than those of low insertion level. Leaf blades at the same stage of development showed a marked gradient in characteristics from low to high insertion level, the cell wall content increasing from 32.6 to 63.8%, the nitrogen concentration decreasing from 4.7 to 2.5%, and the dry matter digestibility decreasing from 77.3 to 65.0%. Overall, the percentage lignin tended to increase the higher the insertion level. Gradients for the sheath were generally similar to those of blades, but were less pronounced. The effects associated with insertion level reflected inherent ontogenetical changes in the structural characteristics of successive leaves. The changes may be important to potential forage quality, chemical composition, water relations of tissues, and the design of sampling technique. Nutrient status (e.g. critical values) may in some instances be better expressed on the basis of cell contents rather than dry matter.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF SOME DRY SEASON FORAGES FED TO GOATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
T. A. ADEGBOLA ◽  
I. MECHA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

The chemical composition of the leaves of three trees, Acioa baneri, Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Mangifera indica (Mango) and an herb, Aspillia africana (Hemorrhage plant), their dry matter intake (DMI, g/day) and digestibilities (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (0M), crude protein (CP) a crude fibre (CF) were determined in West African dwarf goats. The chemical composition of three grass species, Andropogon gayanus (Guinea grass), Cynodon nlemfuensis (Giant star grass) and Panicum maximum (Guinea grass was also determined to compare with those of the browses. The browses had higher CP (8.1-31.3%), acid detergent lignin (6.9-15.1%), Calcium (0.5-2.3%) and lower CF (9.6-23.5%) than the grasses which had 3.2-4.9% CP, 4.3-8.1% lignin, 0.43- 0.53% Ca and 24.4-28.1% CF. The consumption of fresh forages (g/d) varied from 193 on Acioa baneri to 918 on Aspilia africana. The highest DM intake was obtained on Aspilia africana, Apparent digestibility values (%) were: DM, 59.9&69.7; OM, 61.0-71.1; CP. 40.9-68.2 and CF, 39.3-64.9. Acioa batereri was the least digested of the forages. The higher CP content of the browses and their availability and acceptability by goals during the dry season in contrast 10 the low CP of the grasses indicates their potential for feeding goats. Acioa barteri is unsuitable as sole food for goats

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