scholarly journals Drought tolerance of local dryland rice varieties from the far western Santa Catarina, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e55310817705
Author(s):  
Otavio Rechsteiner Maghelly ◽  
Juliana Bernardi Ogliari ◽  
Francisco Wilson Reichert Junior ◽  
Nuno de Campos Filho ◽  
Rosenilda de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Drought is the main factor of abiotic stress in dryland rice cultivation, responsible for considerable productivity losses and grain quality damages, as well as genetic erosion of local varieties of this crop. The use of indices in the drought tolerance estimation in grains of this crop is acquiring importance for its advantages in the operationalization of tests of comparison between genotypes and their effectiveness in the differentiation of responses to drought stress. Among local dryland varieties of rice preserved by small-scale farmers in far western Santa Catarina, different responses to drought tolerance are expected. The identification of these differential responses is important in the context of agrobiodiversity conservation, genetic improvement, and as an alternative to the effects of climate changes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate thirty-four local varieties of dryland rice from far western Santa Catarina regarding drought tolerance. For this aim, this work used the DTD (Drought Tolerance Degree) methodology. Fifteen varieties showed greater resistance when submitted to a water restriction level of 10% in water moisture. On the other hand, six varieties were more resistant to moderate stress (20%). Finally, three varieties were among the most resistant in the two applied stress levels.

scholarly journals Factors associated with agrobiodiversity conservation: A case study on conservation of rice varieties in Barak valley, Assam, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Nazimur Rahman Talukdar ◽  
Parthankar Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Barak Valley ◽  
The People ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation

Agrobiodiversity contributes to food security, increase productivity, economic returns and provides social, cultural and ecological functions. The present study aims to investigate the factors associated with agrobiodiversity conservation, with respect to the rice varieties in the Barak valley of Assam, India. Barak valley has high ecological and genetic diversity, and is one of the important regions of NE India in terms of agricultural productivity. More than 80% of the people of the Valley depend upon agricultural activities for their livelihood. Fieldwork included semi-structured interviews, visit to crop field (inventory) and survey to households to register seed exchange network, socio-economic characteristics and other factors influencing agrobiodiversity conservation. We used correlation analysis to know the association of various factors. Thirty six rice varieties were found to be traditionally conserved. Indegee refers to the number informants inform someone’s name when asked about their shareholders. For example, one informant name was informed by five people when asked to list the name of seed givers or receivers, then the informant would have an indegree of five. It was found that Farmers who had higher indegree conserved more traditional varieties than those farmers who had less indegree. It can be hypothesized that conservation of traditional varieties is related with various co-relating factors. Our findings will surely contribute to the conservation of genetic resources. Establishment of seed bank and application of vermicompost technique are suggested to check genetic erosion and fulfill the inadequacy of organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the creation of synergies between research-based technologies and farmers’ indigenous knowledge systems and practices in Sierra Leone

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Finda B Jenkins ◽  
Kemoh Bangura ◽  
Nazir Mahmood ◽  
Moses Gborie ◽  
Adam Sheka Kanu
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affected the synergy between scientific research and technology and farmers' indigenous knowledge systems and practices during the 2018 planting season in Sierra Leone. The study clearly demonstrated the importance of understanding indigenous knowledge and identifying areas where policy makers, service providers and researchers may intervene in future agricultural extension, research and development activities, since farmers also make recommendations on areas that need improvement. The results demonstrated that significant proportion of rice farmers (both male and female) across the ten districts (53.8%) cultivated traditional rice varieties as a result of limited access to improved rice varieties. The results further demonstrate that improved techniques need to be integrated with indigenous practices of farmers through their learning fields; back up with the availability, accessibility and affordability of agro inputs, as farmers admitted that they cannot increase rice production by growing it their own ways. The conclusion of this paper is that, despite many changes in agricultural practices, indigenous knowledge has been used by most small-scale farmers in agricultural production, mainly because it has been tested over several generations.

Researching Alternative Cash Crops for Small Scale Farmers in Southern Ohio

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 530a-530
Author(s):  
Brad Bergefurd ◽  
Gary Gao
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Speciality crops are great alternative cash crops for small scale farmers. Small scale farmers are constantly searching for viable economic crops to grow. We have been conducting applied research on the production and marketing of culinary herbs, oriental vegetables, colored peppers, and muskmelons to name a few. These crops show excellent potential for southern Ohio. Field demonstration, seminars, and surveys were used to gather and disseminate information on these speciality crops. More than 230 people attended our seminars on alternative cash crops. More than 150 people attended our field days. In addition, we had identified many chefs that are willing to purchase from local speciality crop growers. It will be a win-win situation for both chefs and growers. Growers will be able to maximize their profitability while chefs will receive fresh and unique produce. As a result of our research, we were able to show small scale growers what they can grow successfully and how they can market their crops for most profit. These applied research projects received a combined funding of $10000.00 from OSU Extension-Innovative Grant program. These projects are a great way to establish credibility among clients. We would also like to demonstrate how other extension agents can help their clients. A lecture utilizing slides and overhead transparencies will be the format of the seminar.

Welfare effects of small-scale farmers' participation in apple and mango value chains in Ethiopia

Agrekon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mengistie Mossie ◽  
Alemseged Gerezgiher ◽  
Zemen Ayalew ◽  
Zerihun Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

scholarly journals Simulating Agroforestry Adoption in Rural Indonesia: The Potential of Trees on Farms for Livelihoods and Environment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Beatrice Nöldeke ◽  
Etti Winter ◽  
Yves Laumonier ◽  
Trifosa Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Trees On Farms ◽  
Agroforestry Adoption ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

In recent years, agroforestry has gained increasing attention as an option to simultaneously alleviate poverty, provide ecological benefits, and mitigate climate change. The present study simulates small-scale farmers’ agroforestry adoption decisions to investigate the consequences for livelihoods and the environment over time. To explore the interdependencies between agroforestry adoption, livelihoods, and the environment, an agent-based model adjusted to a case study area in rural Indonesia was implemented. Thereby, the model compares different scenarios, including a climate change scenario. The agroforestry system under investigation consists of an illipe (Shorea stenoptera) rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) mix, which are both locally valued tree species. The simulations reveal that farmers who adopt agroforestry diversify their livelihood portfolio while increasing income. Additionally, the model predicts environmental benefits: enhanced biodiversity and higher carbon sequestration in the landscape. The benefits of agroforestry for livelihoods and nature gain particular importance in the climate change scenario. The results therefore provide policy-makers and practitioners with insights into the dynamic economic and environmental advantages of promoting agroforestry.

scholarly journals Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Melandri ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Kristýna Floková ◽  
Diaan C. Jamar ◽  
Han Asard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation

Abstract Main conclusions Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. Abstract A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.

Evaluating the capacity of small farmers to adopt aquaponics systems: empirical evidence from Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alexandria Brewer ◽  
Jose F. Alfaro ◽  
Tadeu Fabricio Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Food Systems ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Abstract Aquaponics technology has recently been offered as a good option for sustainable food systems among small-scale farmers, particularly those seeking an organic production or dealing with land quality constraints, such as urban farmers. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence for the capacity of small farmers to adopt the technology. The unique requirements of aquaponics may create technical, economic and even cultural constraints and opportunities. This paper uses empirical evidence gathered with small-scale farmers in São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to present the capacity of adoption for the technology, including possible limiting factors and incentives for farmers. The study conducted interviews with owners of ‘agriculturas familiares’ (Portuguese for small family owned farms) within 30 km of São Carlos. The interviews revealed that there is widespread interest in the potential profitability of aquaponics systems, significant interest in environmentally friendly practices, familiarity with organic production and hydroponics and a large base of agricultural knowledge in the community that can drive adoption. However, lack of initial financing, limited human power and concerns about product placement were significant barriers to adoption. For settlement farmers (those working on land formerly abandoned) poor soil quality and water scarcity are key issues that could be alleviated by the technology. The city of Sao Carlos present program for purchasing specific types of products from these farms could be used as a model for increasing aquaponics adoption and relieving success concerns.

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