scholarly journals ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO E ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. K. BROCK ◽  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
T. NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fibrous Capsule ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, é uma herbácea escandente, denominada popularmente de buchinha. O fruto é empregado na medicina tradicional como purgativo, emenagogo e descongestionante nasal. O presente trabalho objetivou fornecer informações complementares à morfo-anatomia e realizar abordagem fitoquímica dos frutos e sementes dessa espécie. O material botânico foi reidratado, seccionado e corado, de acordo com técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica. Para a análise fitoquímica, foram preparados extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico, por meio de maceração dos frutos e das sementes pulverizados. O fruto é ovóide, capsular e fibroso, com estrias e acúleos. O epicarpo apresenta tricomas tectores pluricelulares e estômatos anomocíticos, e feixes vasculares percorrem o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. A semente é elipsóide e achatada, sendo a epiderme do tegumento formada por células de paredes anticlinais onduladas, o endosperma reduzido e os cotilédones plano-convexos. Os extratos dos frutos indicaram a presença de flavonóides, taninos, saponinas, esteróides e/ou triterpenóides. MORPHO-ANATOMICAL STUDY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, is a climbing herb, popularly known as loofa sponge. The fruit is employed in the traditionalmedicine as laxative, emmenagogue and nasal decongestant. This study aimed to supply additional knowledge to the morpho-anatomy and phytochemical screening of the fruits and seeds. The botanical material was rehydrated, sectioned and stained, according to the usual optical microtechniques. For the phytochemical analysis, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared, by means of maceration of the powdered fruits and seeds. The fruit is an oval and fibrous capsule, showing striated surface and aculeous. The exocarp has pluricellular non-glandular trichomes and anomocytic stomata, and vascular bundles are seen in the mesocarp and endocarp. The seed is elliptical and flat, presenting the epidermal cells of the integument with wavy anticlinal walls, reduced endosperm and plain-convex cotyledons. The fruit extracts indicate the presence of flavonoids, tanins, saponins, esteroids and/or triterpenoids.

scholarly journals Aspectos da estrutura foliar de Stevia cinerascens Sch. - Bip. (Compositae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Amélia Moema Veiga Lopes ◽  
Maria Helena Cechella Achutti ◽  
Thereza Grassiolli ◽  
Sérgio Augusto de Loreto Bordignon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stereological Method ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Secretory Canals ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Shade Leaves

Leaves of odorous plants (sample A) and no odorous ones (sample B), showing diverse habits and growing in different habitats were studied. Clarified leaves were used for the blade architecture study and sections of alive and fixed leaves for the anatomical study. The determination of occupied area by epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes according to the stereological method was done. The structure of leaves is dorsiventral. They are amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata. The trichomes are simples conical, simple filiforme and biseriate vesicular glandular types. The venation is acrodromous. The vascular bundles have a collateral arrangement. The bundle sheath of the small vascular bundles located in the mesophyll is parenchymatic. The vessel members have simple perforation plates. Schizogenous secretory canals accompany the primary veins and sometimes the secondary veins. The collenchyma is present beneath the epidermis of the larger veins. The biseriate vesicular glandular trichomes differentiation, subtype α (sample A) and subtype β (sample B) and features frequent in sun (sample A) and shade leaves (sample B) are structural variation showed by these leaves.

Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Pedja Janaćković
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Involucral Bract ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
First Time

In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem, leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented. Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis; fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied species might have taxonomic value

scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

scholarly journals Antioxident activities and Phytochemical Screening of Martynia Annua Fruit Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1363-1369
Author(s):  
Zarina Arshad ◽  
Sumayya Saied ◽  
Khalid M.Khan ◽  
Shaista Naz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

ABSTRACT: Martynia annua (cat’s claw, bichu) is part of Martyniaceae family. For centuries, extracts of leaves, roots, stems, fruits and seeds of M. annua have been used to cure eplilepsy, inflammation, tuberculosis, skin infections etc. Present investigations revealed qualitative phytochemical screening and bioactivites of fruit extracts of M.annua in solvents of different polarties. The qualitative phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannis, anthocyanins, steroids, amino acids and phenols. DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-dipicryl hydrzal free radical scanvenging, reducing power assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay likability in different solvents were explored which revealed that with increase in concentration of extracts resulted increase in degree of reduction. The outcome of the present studies revealed that the fruit extracts of M. annua have eminent antioxidant activity

scholarly journals Anatomical characters of the medicinal leaf and stem of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (Asteraceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia do Rocio Duarte ◽  
Ariane Gonçalves Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (Asteraceae), better known by its former name Vernonia amygdalina Delile, is a small shrub used in folk medicine as an antipyretic, laxative, antimalarial and anthelmintic. Studies have demonstrated that different vegetal extracts possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Among the bioactive metabolites, there are sesquiterpene lactones, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids. This study investigated the leaf and stem microscopic characters of G. amygdalinum, aiming to expand the knowledge on this medicinal species and indicate anatomical structures. Plant material was fixed and sectioned by freehand and using a microtome. The sections were either stained or underwent standard histochemical tests. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to investigate epidermal relief. The leaf is amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata. There are striate cuticle, glandular and non-glandular trichomes and dorsiventral mesophyll. In transverse section, the midrib and the petiole have a plano-convex shape. Both show several collateral vascular bundles and few crystals of calcium oxalate. In the stem, the epidermis persists and the phellogen has a peripheral origin. It presents typical endodermis and sclerenchymatic caps adjoining the phloem. The aspects that contribute to characterizing the species are stomata on both leaf surfaces, midrib and petiole features, the endodermis and sclerenchymatic caps in the stem, as well as the different types of trichome on both aerial organs.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAVES, STEM AND FRUIT PARTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Nirmala R Kakade ◽  
Vikas M Jagdale ◽  
Ganesh R Jiwade
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The comparative phytochemical analysis of leaves, stem and fruit powder of Tribulus terrestris was carried out by using preliminary phytochemical screening. To identify the phytochemical constituents, present in water and ethanol extracts of Tribulus terrestris leaves, stem and fruit, a preliminary analysis was done by using different testing methods of Frothing test, Mayer’s test, Hager’s test, Foam formation test, Lead acetate test, Molisch’s test and Ferric Chloride test. The phytochemical analysis study showed the presence of 3.903%, 1.725% and 2.259% terpenoids & phenolic in leaves, stem and fruit parts of Tribulus terrestris respectively. The study showed the presence of 16.574%, 15.943% and 10.168% alkaloids and 0.240%, 0.160% and 0.230% Q. alkaloid & N-oxides in leaves stem and fruit extracts respectively. 2.888%, 0.825% and 2.679% fats and waxes and 76.395%, 81.347% and 84.672% fibers were observed in leaves, stem and fruit extracts of this plant respectively

scholarly journals Anatomical and Phytochemical Studies on Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Chimezie EKEKE ◽  
Chinedum A. OGAZIE ◽  
Ikechukwu O. AGBAGWA
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
First Time

The morphological and anatomical studies of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. from Nigeria was carried out with the view to reporting morphological and anatomical characteristics for the first time. Physical and microscopic (microtomy) observations were used. B. hispida is a monoecious climbing or trailing herb, stem hairy, 5-angled, with suborbicular stipuliform bract at the petiole-base; leaves simple, very hairy on both surface, alternate, blade palmately or ovate in young plant, base cordate. Flowering occurs between April and May. Female flowers solitary, male flowers solitary or in a slender-pedunculate racemes, petals-5, cream, yellow or pale yellow, ovary ellipsoid, ovules many, stigma 3-lobed and stamen 3. Fruits are large, weighs 8.5 - 9.0 kg, succulent, densely hairy when young, with a thick waxy deposit when mature, cylindrical to oblong with hairy stalk. Seeds are ovate-obovate, cream. Leaves and petals of male flower are amphistomatic with anomocytic, tetracytic and anisocytic stomata while petals of the female flower are hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface. It has glandular and non-glandular trichomes with uniseriate stalk, clavate and multicellular gland heads. The midrib, petiole, stem, tendril, male and female flower stalks and tendril have hollow pith with 3, 9, 6-7, 16, 14 and 10 bicollateral vascular bundles respectively. The percentage crude protein, ash, carbohydrate, lipid, crude fibre, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and phytate could account for the numerous medicinal properties.

Anatomical characteristics and antioxidant ability of Centaurea sadleriana reveals an adaptation towards drought tolerance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-798
Author(s):  
Jadranka Luković ◽  
Djordje Malenčić ◽  
Lana Zorić ◽  
Miroslava Kodranov ◽  
Dunja Karanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Secretory Ducts

AbstractThe lamina, main vein and peduncle anatomical properties of Centaurea sadleriana Janka plants from two populations, were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The indumentum was comprised of glandular and non-glandular trichomes of two types. The leaves were amphistomatic, isolateral, with strongly developed palisade tissue. Secretory ducts were observed along the phloem or sclerenchyma of large vascular bundles. Collenchyma alternated with chlorenchyma in the main vein and peduncle. Large groups of strongly lignified sclerenchyma were present along the phloem of peduncle vascular bundles. These features, together with thickened walls of epidermal cells and cuticle, numerous trichomes and thick-walled parenchyma in the perimedullar zone, were perceived as a xeromorphic peduncle structural adaptation. Non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds of phenolic origin were detected in small amounts and their respective content was higher in leaves compared to inflorescences. Compounds of phenolic orgin showed positive correlation with total potenial of antioxidant activity indicated by the DPPH assay. Greater total quantity of polyphenols and tannins was detected in leaves of plants from Zobnatica locality, while leaves of plants from Rimski Sanac were characterized by higher content of total flavonoids and proantocyanidins. Phytochemical analysis showed that dominant secondary biomolecules in inflorescences were phenolic pigments including anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins, and free quinones in leaves.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE FOTÔNICA E ULTRA-ESTRUTURAL DA EPIDERME FOLIAR DE Galinsoga parviflora CAV. E G. ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE, ASTERACEAE

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
J. F. LOPES
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Insufficiency ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Face View

Galinsoga parviflora Cav. e G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake são herbáceas medicinais, empregadas popularmente no tratamento de ulcerações cutâneas e distúrbios hepáticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a epiderme foliar dessas espécies, por meio de análise fotônica e ultra-estrutural. Folhas adultas foram fixadas e submetidas a técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica e de varredura. Ambas as espécies apresentam epiderme foliar uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula delgada e levemente estriada. Em vista frontal, as células epidérmicas revelam contorno sinuoso e estômatos anomocíticos ocorrem em ambas as superfícies. Tricomas tectores pluricelulares e unisseriados predominam na face adaxial. Esse anexo epidérmico é comparativamente mais numeroso em G. ciliata. OPTICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS OF Galinsoga parviflora CAV. AND G. ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE, ASTERACEAE Abstract Galinsoga parviflora Cav. and G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake are medicinal herbs, popularly employed for treating cutaneous ulcers and hepatic insufficiency. This work has aimed to characterize the leaf epidermis of these species, by means of optical and ultrastructural analysis. Mature leaves were fixed and undergone usual optical and scanning microtechniques. Both species have got uniseriate leaf epidermis, coated by thin and slightly striated cuticle. In face view, the epidermal cells show sinuous contour and anomocytic stomata are seen on both surfaces. Pluricellular and uniseriate non-glandular trichomes predominate on the upper side. This epidermal appendage is comparatively more frequent in G. ciliata.

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