scholarly journals A comparative Anatomical Study of Diplotaxis Spp. DC. (Brassicaceae ) Grown in Diyala Province - Iraq: دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لأنواع الجنس Diplotaxis DC Spp. من العائلة الصليبية النامية بريا في محافظة ديالى – العراق

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khazal Dibba Wadi - Zeinab Nasrallah Salman
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Many

The current study is a comparative anatomical study of Diplotaxis spp DC species of the Brassicaceae which are growing in Diyala province { Diplotaxis acris (Fossk.) Boiss. Diplotaxis erucoid (L.) DC, Diplotaxis harra (Forssk) Boiss}. The anatomical study included the dissection of the stems, the petioles and the leaf blade. The results of the present study showed that the anatomical characteristics have a great taxonomic significance, which helps in isolation and diagnosis, through the many variations shown by the anatomical characteristics of the studied species. The stem showed significant anatomical properties in terms of the shape of the cross section. D.rucoid was characterized as having ribbed stems and was characterized by the presence of collenchyma cells at the corners of the ribs to give support and attribution as well as flexibility in motion. D.harra also characterized epidermis cells as rectangular. The cortex also varied in the species of cells, the number of rows of chlorenchyma and paranchyma, and the number and distribution of vascular bundles, the number of arms of wood and the number of vessels in each arm. The variances included the cross section of the leafblade and the shape of the cross-section was important in isolation and diagnosis. It also varied in thickness, epidermis, vascular forms, numbers, distribution, cortex thickness and layers. The leaves were Monoficial in type D.harra It is also characterized by its lack of sponge cells while the two species of D. acris and D. erucoid were Bificial. The vertical sections of leaves, especially the mesophyll, varied widely, in the thickness of blade, dermis, epidermis ,forms of the central vascular bundles and the preparation of the arms and elements. All these qualities have contributed as an addition of distinctive qualities to each important species in its isolation and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Leaf and inflorescence axis anatomy of Brazilian species of Rapateoideae (Rapateaceae, Poales)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela L. Daltin ◽  
Aline Oriani ◽  
Vera L. Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Cross

The anatomy of leaves and inflorescence axes of Spathanthus (2 spp.), Rapatea (2 spp.), Cephalostemon(1 sp.), and Duckea(1 sp.) (Rapateoideae, Rapateaceae) was studied to identify useful characters for taxonomy. The cross-section shape of inflorescence axis differentiates the genera, while the cross-section shape and structure of leaf midrib has a specific value. The following characteristics are exclusive of Spathanthus: silica cells randomly distributed in the leaf epidermis; plicate chlorenchyma in the leaf blade; presence of fiber bundles in the mesophyll and in the inflorescence axis parenchyma. Spathanthus is also distinguished by the number, type and distribution of vascular bundles in the inflorescence axis. The genus Rapatea is characterized by the presence of stomata and silica cells only on the abaxial epidermis of the leaves and chlorenchyma composed of arm cells in the leaf blade. Characteristics with diagnostic value for Cephalostemon riedelianusare: leaf epidermal cells with straight to slightly sinuous walls in frontal view, inflorescence axes presenting a defined cortex, fiber bundles facing the larger vascular bundles and a fistulous pith. The anatomical characteristics of the leaves and inflorescence axes thus proved to be of taxonomic value in generic and specific levels. They are also useful to differentiate Rapateoideae from other subfamilies of Rapateaceae.

scholarly journals Comparative Leaf Anatomy of Selected Medicinal Plants in Acanthaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Nurul Aini Che Amri ◽  
Nur Shuhada Tajudin ◽  
Rozilawati Shahari ◽  
Fatin Munirah Azmi ◽  
Noraini Talip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Characteristics

Comparative leaf anatomy study were conducted in three taxa of Acanthaceae from peninsular Malaysia. Three chosen taxa were Acanthus ebracreatus (Vahl), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees and Chroesthes longifolia (Wight) B. Hansen which is commonly used as traditional medicine especially in peninsular Malaysia. The main objective is to identify the leaf anatomical characteristics that can be used in plant identification and also for supportive data in plant classification. The procedures involved such as cross section using sliding microtome on the petiole, lamina, midribs and marginal, leaf clearing and observation under light microscope. Results have shown the similarities and variations in leaf anatomical characteristics. The anatomical characteristics observed include petiole and midrib outlines, patterns of petiole and midrib vascular bundles, presence of cystolith cells, presence of hypodermis layers in lamina and presence and types of trichomes. In conclusion, results showed that anatomical characteristics have taxonomic significance that can be used in classification especially at species level.

Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

Structural bionic design for thin-walled cylindrical shell against buckling under axial compression

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 2619-2627 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Xing ◽  
W Chen ◽  
J Ma ◽  
L Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
High Load ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Cross

In nature, bamboo develops an excellent structure to bear nature forces, and it is very helpful for designing thin-walled cylindrical shells with high load-bearing efficiency. In this article, the cross-section of bamboo is investigated, and the feature of the gradual distribution of vascular bundles in bamboo cross-section is outlined. Based on that, a structural bionic design for thin-walled cylindrical shells is presented, of which the manufacturability is also taken into consideration. The comparison between the bionic thin-walled cylindrical shell and a simple hollow one with the same weight showed that the load-bearing efficiency was improved by 44.7 per cent.

scholarly journals Anatomical study of the leaves and petioles of scab resistant and susceptible apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth ◽  
P. Gracza
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

Anatomic studies have been performed on the leaf blade, petiole and annual shoot on six apple cultivars by means of scanning electron as well as light microscope. Four of the cultivars examined are resistant to scab (Florina, Freedom, MR-10, MR-11), whereas two of them are susceptible (Jonathan and Idared). Preliminary results suggest that differences in the width of cross sections of leaf blades, in hairyness, in the shape and size of epidermal cells, moreover, in the cross sections of petioles and shoots are considerable. Some of the anatomical properties seem to be correlated with scab resistance or susceptility of the respective cultivars. Therefore, further studies extending to other cultivars may corroborate our claims to find causal relations between anatomical traits of the leaves and disease, especially scab resistance of apple cultivars.

scholarly journals Leaf Response to Different Light Spectrum Compositions during Micropropagation of Gerbera Axillary Shoots

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Monika Cioć ◽  
Bożena Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
The Cross

The experiment evaluated the influence of different light qualities and 6-benzyladenine (BA) concentration in a medium on the leaf response of multiplied Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.‘Big Apple’ shoots. Three different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra—100% blue (B), 100% red (R) and red and blue mixture (7:3, RB)—were used, and a fluorescent lamp was used as a control (Fl). Concentrations of BA in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were 1, 2.5 and 5 µM. Leaves developed under 100% blue light had a lower frequency of stomata and a smaller area as compared with those from plants exposed to light with red in spectrum. Under 100% red light, the leaf area and the frequency of stomata increased along with growing concentration of BA in the medium. The thickest mesophyll was spotted in the cross-section of leaves exposed to the blue LED light. Leaves developed under the 100% red light had the thinnest mesophyll layers. Increasing concentration of BA in the medium resulted in enhanced leaf blade thickness. The cross-section of leaf vascular bundles was only half of that in petioles. The leaves under the LED combinations had larger vascular bundles than those under fluorescent light. The highest level of photosynthetic pigments was noticed in the leaves grown under LED R and RB lights. Our study demonstrated that 2.5 µM BA and a mixture of blue and red light provided by LED improved leaf quality during multiplication of gerbera shoots.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Energy Distribution in Electron Beams

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Integral Curve ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Angular Divergence ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Integral Width ◽  
The Cross

The energy distribution in an electron; beam from an electron gun provided with a biased Wehnelt cylinder was measured by a retarding potential analyser. All the measurements were carried out with a beam of small angular divergence (<3xl0-4 rad) to eliminate the apparent increase of energy width as pointed out by Ichinokawa.The cross section of the beam from a gun with a tungsten hairpin cathode varies as shown in Fig.1a with the bias voltage Vg. The central part of the beam was analysed. An example of the integral curve as well as the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.2. The integral width of the spectrum ΔEi varies with Vg as shown in Fig.1b The width ΔEi is smaller than the Maxwellian width near the cut-off. As |Vg| is decreased, ΔEi increases beyond the Maxwellian width, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Note that the cross section of the beam enlarges with decreasing |Vg|.

Research in the cross-section of community psychology and global climate change: A call for action

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci Culley ◽  
Holly Angelique ◽  
Courte Voorhees ◽  
Brian John Bishop ◽  
Peta Louise Dzidic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Community Psychology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Cross

Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

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