Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia lamblia in Cattle in Jiangxi Province, China: Novel Assemblage E Subtypes Identified

Giardia lamblia is a common enteric pathogen associated with diarrheal diseases. There are some reports of G. lamblia infection among different breeds of cattle in recent years worldwide. However, it is yet to know whether cattle in Jiangxi province, southeastern China is infected with G. lamblia. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and examine the multilocus genotypes of G. lamblia in cattle in Jiangxi province. A total of 556 fecal samples were collected from 3 cattle breeds (dairy cattle, beef cattle, and buffalo) in Jiangxi province, and the prevalence and genotypes of G. lamblia were determined by the nested PCR amplification of the beta-giardin (bg) gene. A total of 52 samples (9.2%) were positive for G. lamblia. The highest prevalence of G. lamblia was detected in dairy cattle (20.0%), followed by that in beef cattle (6.4%), and meat buffalo (0.9%). Multilocus sequence typing of G. lamblia was performed based on sequences of the bg, triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase loci, and 22, 42, and 52 samples were amplifiable, respectively, forming 15 MLGs. Moreover, one mixed G. lamblia infection (assemblages A and E) was found in the present study. Altogether, 6 novel assemblage E subtypes (E41*-E46*) were identified for the first time. These results not only provided baseline data for the control of G. lamblia infection in cattle in this southeastern province of China, but also enriched the molecular epidemiological data and genetic diversity of G. lamblia in cattle.

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Detection of Human Genotype “B” Giardia lamblia in Ghanaian Cattle from Frafraha in Adentan Municipality of Ghana

Ghana Journal of Science ◽

10.4314/gjs.v61i1.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 96-100

Author(s):

G. T. Mensah ◽

C. A. Narh ◽

C. A. Brown ◽

P. F. Ayeh-Kumi ◽

I. O. Frempong

Keyword(s):

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Close Proximity ◽

First Time ◽

Animal Research Institute ◽

Human Specific

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans, a wide range of domesticated and wild animals. There are human and animal specific, as well as zoonotic pathogenic genotypes. It is not clear whether livestock in close proximity to humans could be infected with human specific genotypes, and vice versa. In this study, Giardia-positive faecal samples were collected from both humans (n = 4) (from Maamobi Polyclinic in the Ayawaso Sub- Metro) and calves (n = 8) (from Animal Research Institute Farms, Adentan Municipality), in Ghana. Nested PCR amplification using Giardia-specific, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes and Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene primers for human and animal faecal samples respectively was carried out. Results showed that 100% of the calves carried the TPI-B genotype, which is a common pathogenic genotype in humans. This report is based on the unusual results obtained as Giardia duodenalis genotype B is known to occur in humans but is being observed in calves for the first time. This suggests that calves in close proximity to humans could be reservoirs and sources of human Giardia infections.

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First Report of Phytoplasmas Associated with the Degeneration Syndrome of Artichoke in Catalonia (Spain)

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-6-0769c ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 769-769

Author(s):

A. Batlle ◽

J. Sabaté ◽

A. Laviña

Keyword(s):

Nested Pcr ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Aster Yellows ◽

Dna Fragment ◽

Wilt Virus ◽

First Time ◽

Broad Bean Wilt Virus ◽

Wild Cardoon ◽

Curled Leaves

Spain is the second largest producer of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in the world with 230,000 tons produced annually. The region of Catalonia, located in northeast Spain, has 3,500 ha dedicated to this crop. Low yield and degeneration anomalies are widespread problems in the Mediterranean area. The degeneration syndrome results in curled leaves and late development of capitulum. The association of this syndrome with different viruses such as Artichoke degeneration virus (ADV), Artichoke latent virus (ALV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and many others was not conclusive. Other studies indicated that this phenomenon could be related to a regression of the cultivar toward the species of origin, the wild cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris). The distribution of degenerated plants in the principal artichoke-growing areas of Catalonia together with the presence of plants with normal and degenerated tissues in the same plant suggested the presence of phytoplasmas. Samples from 30 symptomatic and 30 asymptomatic plants of cv. Blanca de Tudela were collected in February of 2006 from different areas of Catalonia and analyzed by PCR amplification of phytoplasma DNA. DNA for PCR analyses was prepared from leaf petioles and midribs according to the Ahrens and Seemüller procedure (1). Nested-PCR was carried out with rRNA primer pairs P1/P7 and fU5/rU3 (2,3). Alternatively, nested-PCR, with primers Tuf 1 f/r in the first step and Tuf AY f/r in the second, amplifying a DNA fragment of the elongation gene Tu of the phytoplasmas belonging to Aster yellows and stolbur groups was conducted (4). Results showed a high correlation between presence of symptoms and phytoplasma detection. Phytoplasmas were detected in 100% of the symptomatic plants (30 of 30) and only in one of the asymptomatic plants. The restriction fragment length profiles of Tuf AY amplicons with HpaII showed two different patterns, the most important belonging to the aster yellows (16SrI) group phytoplasma and the other to the stolbur (16SrXII) group phytoplasma. To our knowledge, this is the first time that phytoplasmas have been detected in artichoke and associated with degeneration of this crop. References: (1) U. Ahrens and E. Seemüller. Phytopathology 82:828, 1992. (2) S. Deng and C. Hiruki. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53, 1991. (3) K. H. Lorenz et al. Phytopathology 85:771, 1995. (4) B. Schneider et al. Microbiology 143:3381, 1997.

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Additions to Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Oriental China

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4722.3.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4722 (3) ◽

pp. 234-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

WEIHAI LI ◽

WENLIANG LI ◽

DING YANG

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Southeastern China ◽

First Time ◽

A New Species

A new species of the Amphinemurinae genus Sphaeronemoura is described, S. multicurvata sp. n., from Sichuan Province of southwestern China. The relationships with other related species are discussed. Sphaeronemoura elephas (Zwick, 1974) is also for the first time reported from Jiangxi Province of southeastern China.

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Serological, Hematologic, and PCR Studies of Cattle in an Area of Switzerland in Which Tick-Borne Fever (Caused by Ehrlichia phagocytophila) Is Endemic

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.5.3.325-327.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 325-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nicola Pusterla ◽

Jeannine Berger Pusterla ◽

Ueli Braun ◽

Hans Lutz

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the seasonal variations in seroprevalence to Ehrlichia phagocytophila in cattle pastured during the summer months in an area where tick-borne fever is endemic. The study was performed during a 1-year period from April 1996 to March 1997 and involved 34 cows, 22 pregnant heifers, and 14 calves. Blood samples, collected from all 70 cattle once a month, were used to determine serum immunoglobulin G titers by indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, blood smears were examined for Ehrlichiaorganisms, and PCR amplification was performed for the molecular detection of E. phagocytophila. Prior to the pasture period, the seroprevalence was 16%. Two weeks after the start of pasturing, it was 43%, after which it progressively increased and reached a maximum of 63% in September. The seroprevalence progressively decreased after the end of pasturing to a low of 23%. The variation in antibody titers was similar to that of seroprevalence.E. phagocytophila organisms were detected in blood smears of 7 animals and by nested PCR in 12. Only four cows, which were on the pastures of endemicity for the first time, had clinical signs of ehrlichiosis. This study demonstrated marked seasonal variations in seroprevalence and in serum titers of antibody to E. phagocytophila in cattle. The incidence of clinical signs of ehrlichiosis was increased in cattle grazing on the pastures of endemicity for the first time.

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Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.492f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 492f-493

Author(s):

Roberto F. Vieira ◽

James E. Simon ◽

Peter Goldsbrough ◽

Antonio Figueira

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

The Tropics ◽

High Degree ◽

First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

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Trends in genetic diversity and the effect of inbreeding in American Angus cattle under genomic selection

Genetics Selection Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12711-021-00644-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel A. Lozada-Soto ◽

Christian Maltecca ◽

Duc Lu ◽

Stephen Miller ◽

John B. Cole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Genomic Selection ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Effective Population ◽

Angus Cattle ◽

Genomic Inbreeding ◽

Chromosome Segments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Increased inbreeding may affect fitness and decrease the mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility and growth in beef cattle, with the age of inbreeding having a possible effect on the magnitude of inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in genetic diversity as a result of the implementation of genomic selection in Angus cattle and quantify potential inbreeding depression effects of total pedigree and genomic inbreeding, and also to investigate the impact of recent and ancient inbreeding. Results We found that the yearly rate of inbreeding accumulation remained similar in sires and decreased significantly in dams since the implementation of genomic selection. Other measures such as effective population size and the effective number of chromosome segments show little evidence of a detrimental effect of using genomic selection strategies on the genetic diversity of beef cattle. We also quantified pedigree and genomic inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. While inbreeding did not affect fertility, an increase in pedigree or genomic inbreeding was associated with decreased birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain in both sexes. We also measured the impact of the age of inbreeding and found that recent inbreeding had a larger depressive effect on growth than ancient inbreeding. Conclusions In this study, we sought to quantify and understand the possible consequences of genomic selection on the genetic diversity of American Angus cattle. In both sires and dams, we found that, generally, genomic selection resulted in decreased rates of pedigree and genomic inbreeding accumulation and increased or sustained effective population sizes and number of independently segregating chromosome segments. We also found significant depressive effects of inbreeding accumulation on economically important growth traits, particularly with genomic and recent inbreeding.

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Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Jiangxi Province, southeastern China

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-021-07047-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 120 (4) ◽

pp. 1281-1289

Author(s):

Sen Li ◽

Yang Zou ◽

Pei Wang ◽

Ming-Ren Qu ◽

Wen-Bin Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jiangxi Province ◽

Southeastern China ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Multilocus Genotyping

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Detection of Rickettsia lusitaniae Among Ornithodoros sawaii Soft Ticks Collected From Japanese Murrelet Seabird Nest Material From Gugul Island, Republic of Korea

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heung-Chul Kim ◽

Ju Jiang ◽

Jun Hang ◽

Su Yeon Kim ◽

Seok-Min Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Area ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Republic Of Korea ◽

Nest Material ◽

Antigen Gene ◽

The Republic ◽

First Time

Abstract In a follow-up to the investigations of soft ticks identified from seabird nest soil and litter collected from coastal islands of the Republic of Korea (ROK), Ornithodoros sawaii and Ornithodoros capensis were assessed for the presence and identification of rickettsiae. Ticks collected from samples of 50–100 g of nest litter and soil from seabird nests were identified individually by morphological techniques, and species confirmed by sequencing of the mt-rrs gene. Subsequently, tick DNA preparations were screened for the presence of rickettsiae using a genus-specific nested PCR (nPCR) assay targeting the 17 kDa antigen gene. The amplicons from the 17 kDa assay and two additional nPCR assays targeting the gltA and ompB gene fragments were sequenced and used to identify the rickettsiae. A total of 134 soft ticks belonging to two species, O. sawaii Kitaoka & Suzuki 1973 (n = 125) and O. capensis Neumann 1901 (n = 9), were collected. Rickettsia lusitaniae DNA was detected and identified among O. sawaii ticks (n = 11, 8.8%) collected from nest litter and soil of the Japanese murrelet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume Temminck 1836) at Gugul Island along the western coastal area of the ROK. This study confirmed for the first time the presence of R. lusitaniae associated with O. sawaii collected from migratory seabird nests in the ROK.

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