Detection of Human Genotype “B” Giardia lamblia in Ghanaian Cattle from Frafraha in Adentan Municipality of Ghana

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans, a wide range of domesticated and wild animals. There are human and animal specific, as well as zoonotic pathogenic genotypes. It is not clear whether livestock in close proximity to humans could be infected with human specific genotypes, and vice versa. In this study, Giardia-positive faecal samples were collected from both humans (n = 4) (from Maamobi Polyclinic in the Ayawaso Sub- Metro) and calves (n = 8) (from Animal Research Institute Farms, Adentan Municipality), in Ghana. Nested PCR amplification using Giardia-specific, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes and Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene primers for human and animal faecal samples respectively was carried out. Results showed that 100% of the calves carried the TPI-B genotype, which is a common pathogenic genotype in humans. This report is based on the unusual results obtained as Giardia duodenalis genotype B is known to occur in humans but is being observed in calves for the first time. This suggests that calves in close proximity to humans could be reservoirs and sources of human Giardia infections.

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Prevalence and genotyping identification of Cryptosporidium in adult ruminants in central Iran

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-019-3759-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zohre Firoozi ◽

Alireza Sazmand ◽

Alireza Zahedi ◽

Akram Astani ◽

Ali Fattahi-Bafghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pcr Amplification ◽

Central Iran ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Human Populations ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Apicomplexan Parasites ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Life Threatening ◽

First Time

Abstract Background Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium infect a wide range of animal species as well as humans. Cryptosporidium spp. can cause life threatening diarrhea especially in young animals, children, immunocompromised patients and malnourished individuals. Asymptomatic cryptosporidial infections in animals can also occur, making these animals potential reservoirs of infection. Methods In the present study, a molecular survey of Cryptosporidium spp. in ruminants that were slaughtered for human consumption in Yazd Province, located in central Iran was conducted. Faeces were collected per-rectum from 484 animals including 192 cattle, 192 sheep and 100 goats. DNA was extracted from all samples and screened for Cryptosporidium by PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene. Positives were Sanger sequenced and further subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) locus. Results In total, Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 22 animals: C. andersoni and C. bovis in seven and two cattle faecal samples, respectively, C. ubiquitum in five sheep, and C. xiaoi in six sheep and two goat samples, respectively. To our knowledge, this study provides for the first time, molecular information concerning Cryptosporidium species infecting goats in Iran, and is also the first report of C. ubiquitum and C. xiaoi from ruminants in Iran. Conclusion The presence of potentially zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in this region may suggest that livestock could potentially contribute to human cryptosporidiosis, in particular among farmers and slaughterhouse workers, in the area. Further molecular studies on local human populations are required to more accurately understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. in this region.

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Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in Shanghai, China

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.8421 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (06) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hua Liu ◽

Yujuan Shen ◽

Aiqin Liu ◽

Jianhai Yin ◽

Zhongying Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Giardia Infection ◽

Multilocus Genotyping ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Amplification Rate ◽

Zoo Animals ◽

First Time

Introduction: High prevalence of Giardia infections occurs in humans and animals, partly because of the increasing numbers of pets. We determined the presence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals. Methodology: A total of 84 specimens were collected from dogs and cats from a pet hospital, and 54 specimens from a zoo, which included deer, tigers, yaks, and others. All the specimens were examined by microscopy and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subsequent sequencing of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Results: Giardia infection was confirmed in 5.95% and 15.48% of animals by microscopy and by PCR, respectively; the detection levels were 13.33% and 26.67% for pets, and 1.85% and 9.26% for zoo animals. Four assemblages were identified: assemblage C in dogs, cats, and a sheep; D in dogs, a wolf, a yak, and a leopard; E in a sheep; and F in a cat and a leopard. PCR gave the highest amplification rate at the gdh locus. Eight, five, and four sequences were novel at the gdh, bg, and tpi loci, respectively. Two tpi sequences of dog-derived assemblage C had 100% homology with amino acid sequences from human-derived isolates. Conclusions: The molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in China is described. Assemblage D was identified in a yak and a leopard for the first time. Multilocus genotyping analysis identified the same tpi gene sequences of assemblage C in dogs and humans, indicating potential zoonotic transmission.

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Genetic characterization of Blastocystis from wild animals in Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China-Zoonotic potential

10.21203/rs.3.rs-471433/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shanyu Chen ◽

Wangyu Meng ◽

Ziyao Zhou ◽

Lei Deng ◽

Xiaogang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pcr Amplification ◽

Human Infection ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Natural Reserve ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background Blastocystis, a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite, has been identified in a wide range of hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. Many animals are potential sources of Blastocystis infection for humans, while few information about the prevalence of Blastocystis in wild animals have being documented. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis in wild animals of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China, so as to assess the zoonotic potential of these animals. Methods A total of 300 faecal samples were collected from 27 wildlife species in three areas of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve in southwestern China. The subtype (ST) genetic characteristics and prevalence of Blastocystis were determined by PCR amplification of the barcode region (a fragment of ∼600 bp) of the SSU rRNA gene, and phylogenetic analysis were further performed to determine the genetic characteristics of Blastocystis subtypes. Results 30 of 300 faecal samples (10.0%) were Blastocystis-positive. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in Yinchanggou (18.3%), which was significantly higher than that in Niutoushan (7.5%), and Genda (5.5%) (P < 0.05). Specifically, the highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in primates (20.0%, 1/5), followed by rodentia 14.3% (1/7), artiodactyla 13.1% (26/198), carnivora 2.3% (2/87), galliformes 0% (0/3). Sequence analysis showed 5 subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST13, and ST14), with ST13 and ST14 as the predominant subtype (33.3%, 10/30), followed by ST1 (20.0%, 6/30). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular investigation on Blastocystis infection in wild animals in southwestern of China. ST1, ST3, and ST5 were identified in both humans and wild animals, suggesting that these wild animals may be potential reservoirs of Blastocystis for human infection.

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Detection of zoonotic and livestock-specific assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in free-living wild lizards

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612017034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 395-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aurora Reboredo-Fernández ◽

Elvira Ares-Mazás ◽

Pedro Galán ◽

Simone Mario Cacciò ◽

Hipólito Gómez-Couso

Keyword(s):

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Its2 Region ◽

Free Living ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Samples ◽

Zoonotic Parasite ◽

Rock Lizard ◽

Podarcis Bocagei

Abstract Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic parasite that infects the gut of a wide range of vertebrates, including numerous wildlife species. However, little is known about this protozoan parasite in reptiles. Fecal samples from 31 wild lizards were collected in Galicia (northwest Spain) and screened for the presence of Giardia by PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region in the ribosomal unit. This allowed detection of the parasite in 5 samples (16.1%), and enabled identification of G. duodenalis assemblage A2 in two samples of Iberian rock lizard (Iberolacerta monticola), G. duodenalis assemblage B in other two samples of I. monticola, and G. duodenalis assemblage E in one sample of Bocage’s wall lizard (Podarcis bocagei). The results obtained after PCR amplification and sequencing of the SSU-rDNA gene confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage A in two samples of I. monticola. This is the first report of G. duodenalis in free-living lizards, although further studies are needed to distinguish between actual infection and mechanical dissemination of cysts. The detection of zoonotic and livestock-specific assemblages of G. duodenalis demonstrates the wide environmental contamination by this parasite, possibly due to human activities.

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Molecular detection of Blastocystis from animals in Italy: subtypes distribution and implications for the zoonotic transmission

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34122/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Simona Gabrielli ◽

Federica Furzi ◽

Emanuele Brianti ◽

Gabriella Gaglio ◽

Ettore Napoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Zoonotic Transmission ◽

Wild Carnivores ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Animal Hosts

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist distributed worldwide infecting humans and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. It exhibits an extensive genetic diversity and so far, 26 subtypes (STs) have been identified in animal hosts, ten of them (ST1-ST9 and ST12) reported in humans with varying prevalence. Since several STs are common to humans and animals it has been proposed that a proportion of human infections may have a zoonotic origin. Aims of the present study were to: 1) genetically detect Blastocystis in faecal samples of farmed animals and wild carnivores; 2) investigate the distribution of Blastocystis STs in different animal hosts; 3) provide a first study on the Blastocystis STs circulating between animals and humans in Italy.Methods: Fresh faecal samples (N=269) were collected from carnivores and farmed animals in different Italian provinces and submitted to genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification followed by both sequence and phylogenetic analysis (Neighbour Joining and Maximum Parsimony)Results: Blastocystis was detected in 50% of the farmed animals (42 out of 84), and 19 of them were successfully subtyped. Conversely, all the faecal samples (N=185) from domestic and wild carnivores (dogs, cats, foxes) tested in the present study, resulted negative. Phylogenetic analysis showed the finding of ST5, ST7, ST9 and ST10 in the samples from animals. The comparison with sequences of Blastocystis STs previously detected from humans in Italy showed the ST7, as a potential source of zoonotic transmission.Conclusions: The present study represents the widest epidemiological survey so far performed in animals in Italy. Further epidemiological studies using molecular approaches are required to determine the occurrence and distribution of Blastocystis STs in other potential animal reservoirs and to define the pathways of zoonotic transmission.

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Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia lamblia in Cattle in Jiangxi Province, China: Novel Assemblage E Subtypes Identified

The Korean Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 681-687

Author(s):

Sen Li ◽

Yang Zou ◽

Xue-Liang Zhang ◽

Ping Wang ◽

Xiao-Qing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Southeastern China ◽

First Time

Giardia lamblia is a common enteric pathogen associated with diarrheal diseases. There are some reports of G. lamblia infection among different breeds of cattle in recent years worldwide. However, it is yet to know whether cattle in Jiangxi province, southeastern China is infected with G. lamblia. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and examine the multilocus genotypes of G. lamblia in cattle in Jiangxi province. A total of 556 fecal samples were collected from 3 cattle breeds (dairy cattle, beef cattle, and buffalo) in Jiangxi province, and the prevalence and genotypes of G. lamblia were determined by the nested PCR amplification of the beta-giardin (bg) gene. A total of 52 samples (9.2%) were positive for G. lamblia. The highest prevalence of G. lamblia was detected in dairy cattle (20.0%), followed by that in beef cattle (6.4%), and meat buffalo (0.9%). Multilocus sequence typing of G. lamblia was performed based on sequences of the bg, triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase loci, and 22, 42, and 52 samples were amplifiable, respectively, forming 15 MLGs. Moreover, one mixed G. lamblia infection (assemblages A and E) was found in the present study. Altogether, 6 novel assemblage E subtypes (E41*-E46*) were identified for the first time. These results not only provided baseline data for the control of G. lamblia infection in cattle in this southeastern province of China, but also enriched the molecular epidemiological data and genetic diversity of G. lamblia in cattle.

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Genetic characterization of Blastocystis from wild animals in Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China-Zoonotic potential

10.21203/rs.3.rs-471433/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shanyu Chen ◽

Wangyu Meng ◽

Ziyao Zhou ◽

Lei Deng ◽

Xiaogang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pcr Amplification ◽

Human Infection ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Natural Reserve ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background: Blastocystis, a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite, has been identified in a wide range of hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. Many animals are potential sources of Blastocystis infection for humans, while few information about the prevalence of Blastocystis in wild animals have being documented. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis in wild animals of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China, so as to assess the zoonotic potential of these animals.Methods: A total of 300 faecal samples were collected from 27 wildlife species in three areas of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve in southwestern China. The subtype (ST) genetic characteristics and prevalence of Blastocystis were determined by PCR amplification of the barcode region (a fragment of ∼600 bp) of the SSU rRNA gene, and phylogenetic analysis were further performed to determine the genetic characteristics of Blastocystis subtypes.Results: 30 of 300 faecal samples (10.0%) were Blastocystis-positive. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in Yinchanggou (18.3%), which was significantly higher than that in Niutoushan (7.5%), and Genda (5.5%) (P < 0.05). Specifically, the highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in primates (20.0%, 1/5), followed by rodentia 14.3% (1/7), artiodactyla 13.1% (26/198), carnivora 2.3% (2/87), galliformes 0% (0/3). Sequence analysis showed 5 subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST13, and ST14), with ST13 and ST14 as the predominant subtype (33.3%, 10/30), followed by ST1 (20.0%, 6/30).Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular investigation on Blastocystis infection in wild animals in southwestern of China. ST1, ST3, and ST5 were identified in both humans and wild animals, suggesting that these wild animals may be potential reservoirs of Blastocystis for human infection.

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Giardia lamblia Diagnosed Incidentally by Duodenal Biopsy

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports ◽

10.1177/23247096211001649 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 232470962110016

Author(s):

Kevin Groudan ◽

Kamesh Gupta ◽

Jean Chalhoub ◽

Rohit Singhania

Keyword(s):

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Biopsy Specimen ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Duodenal Biopsy ◽

Giardia Intestinalis ◽

Diagnostic Strategy ◽

The World ◽

And Control

Giardia lamblia (also referred to as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis) is the most common intestinal parasite in the world, affecting approximately 200 million people annually. Symptoms of Giardia include foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bloating, gas, and nausea. Although usually self-limiting, Giardia can progress to dehydration, malnutrition, and failure to thrive, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment is imperative to prevent and control infection of Giardia. Infectious Disease Society of America diagnostic guidelines recommend obtaining stool studies to diagnose Giardia; when stool studies are negative but suspicion remains high, duodenal aspirate microscopy is the only alternative diagnostic strategy suggested. We report a patient diagnosed incidentally with Giardia from a duodenal biopsy specimen obtained during a workup for a gastrointestinal bleed. There are limited cases of Giardia diagnosed by duodenal biopsy reported in the literature. We review studies that suggest duodenal biopsy can be a very sensitive strategy for the diagnosis of Giardia.

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Efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123302048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 233 ◽

pp. 02048

Author(s):

Fahu Yuan ◽

Yufei Liu ◽

Qian Gui ◽

Qiuyi Huang ◽

Qianyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

New Drugs ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Clinical Drugs

Giardia duodenalis, formerly known as Giardia lamblia, is an important zoonotic protozoan parasite. It mainly infects the intestines of humans, dogs, cats and domestic animals, causing diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion and weight loss. At present, all the clinical drugs for the treatment of Giardia have problems such as side effects and drug resistance to varying degrees, and the development of new drugs for the treatment of Giardia is still a hot issue. There is growing interest in using probiotics as an anti-intestinal parasite strategy. The present study aimed to assess the effect of supernatants of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. lactis BB-12 on giardia the growth of giardia trophozoites. In this study, the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 were cultured in BBL liquid medium, and the effects of the supernatants on the growth and adhesion of trophozoites of Giardia were observed. The results showed that the growth of Giardia flagellate was significantly inhibited by the supernatant. The influence of the supernatant on the morphology of the trophozoites was observed by microscope, and it was found that the surface of the trophozoites was uneven, the shape was atrophied, the surface cell membrane was broken to some extent, and the contents were spilt. In summary, the results of this study suggest that the fresh-cultured supernatants of the probiotic Bifidobacterium Animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 have anti-Giardia effects.

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Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

10.33920/med-06-2002-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Yu. Olefir ◽

E. Sakanyan ◽

I. Osipova ◽

V. Dobrynin ◽

M. Smirnova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Key Aspects ◽

First Time ◽

Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

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