Genome size, chromosome counts and distribution of Homogyne alpina (Asteraceae) in the Slovak Carpathians

Homogyne alpina (L.) Cass. represents the only species of the genus Homogyne Cass. in Slovakia. This study characterizes H. alpina in terms of chromosome counts, genome size, reproduction mode and distribution in Slovakia. Three known cytotypes of the species are known, of which the cytotype 2n = 160 is represented in the Slovak mountains and has not been documented from other countries yet. Flow cytometric analyses showed the genome size 2C = 21.30 pg for petioles and 2C = 21.82 pg for seeds. Sexual reproduction mode was confirmed by flow cytometric screening method based on embryo to endosperm genome size ratio. The centre of the species distribution is in high mountains of the Slovak Carpathians, where it is frequent in the altitude above 1000 m a. s. l. from mountane to alpine vegetation zone. The full list of the data of its distribution and the distribution map are also presented.

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Genome size variation in Deschampsia cespitosa sensu lato (Poaceae) in Eurasia

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-021-01796-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 308 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Josef Greimler ◽

Eva M. Temsch ◽

Zhiqing Xue ◽

Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss ◽

Polina Volkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Size Variation ◽

Genome Size Variation ◽

Geographic Scale ◽

Reproduction Mode ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Deschampsia Cespitosa ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disturbed Habitats

AbstractThe grass Deschampsia cespitosa is a variable taxon out of which many varieties, subspecies and endemic species have been separated. In this paper, the variation in genome size (GS) and ploidy of this grass including several of its subspecies and two related species in Eurasia was investigated by flow cytometric (FCM) measurements. GS and ploidy data were also related to specific environments and reproduction mode. Ploidy levels found by FCM were confirmed by chromosome counts of diploid (2n = 28) and tetraploid (2n = 52) samples. Seminiferous (seed bearing) D. cespitosa was mainly diploid (GS between 3.754 and 5.438 pg/1C). GS variation in diploids showed a geographic pattern with a significant difference (H = 41,441, P < 0.001) between European (median = 4.377 pg) and Asian (median = 4.881 pg) accessions. Genome size (1C) in tetraploids ranged from 7.9426 to 9.0399 pg. Tetraploid seminiferous D. cespitosa was found mostly in disturbed habitats in western and southern Europe, while tetraploids in Asia were registered in wet Arctic habitats. Genome size (1C between 8.3278 and 8.8603 pg) of the pseudoviviparous plants (spikelets produce plantlets asexually) of wet habitats in central and northern Europe indicated tetraploidy. A putative triploid (GS 6.6817 pg) was detected in Iceland. Summing up, we found a high variation in GS on the geographic scale with significant regional differences in diploid D. cespitosa. Among the tetraploids, the asexually reproducing plants were bound to specific habitats, while the seminiferous plants showed a habitat preference similar to the diploids.

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Low variability of Orchis militaris L. in a local population in the Altay Territory, Russia: evidence from morphometrical and caryological analyses

Botanica Pacifica ◽

10.17581/bp.2021.10210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yulianna G. Zaytseva ◽

◽

Alexandra Yu. Nabieva ◽

Elena V. Zhmud ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Rare Species ◽

Local Population ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Flow Cytometric Data ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Its Regions ◽

Long Time ◽

First Time

Orchis militaris L. is a rare species at the territory of Russia and in many of its regions. This species has been studied for a long time, but the genome size of its representatives in natural conditions has not been studied yet. This assessment is of great importance for the development of measures for the rare species preservation in natural conditions and in the tissue culture. Chromosome counts were completed by flow cytometric data and morphological observations in order to study the species intrapopulation variability. Here, the flow cytometric data on genome size and DNA content of O. militaris from the Asian part of Russia are presented for the first time.

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Genome Size of Twenty Wild Species of Oryza Determined by Flow Cytometric and Chromosome Analyses

Breeding Science ◽

10.1270/jsbbs.57.73 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Toshie Miyabayashi ◽

Ken-Ichi Nonomura ◽

Hiroko Morishima ◽

Nori Kurata

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Wild Species ◽

Flow Cytometric

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Flow Cytometric Determination of Genome Size in the Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae sensu stricto and Sciadopityaceae.

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.66.307 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Masahiro Hizume ◽

Teiji Kondo ◽

Fukashi Shibata ◽

Ryoko Ishizuka

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Flow Cytometric

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The Genome Size of Some Species of Hyalomma Ticks from Turkish Thrace

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.23.11.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 2122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadim Yılmazer

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Tick Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Chromosome Size ◽

Diploid Genome ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Determination System ◽

Sex Determination System ◽

First Time

Hyalomma scupense, H. excavatum and H. marginatum are globally important tick species, as well as in Turkey, both in terms of human and animal health. The genome sizes of these tick species were determined in this study for the first time. From flow cytometric measurements, diploid genome sizes of female and male H. scupense were found to be 2.13 pg and 1.75 pg, respectively, while H. excavatum were 2.21 pg and 1.94 pg, and H. marginatum were 2.48 pg and 1.98 pg, respectively. Differences in diploid genome size indicate X chromosome size of females and males in these ticks because they have an XX:XO sex determination system. Thus, it was estimated that the X chromosome of H. scupense, H. excavatum, and H. marginatum may be composed of as much as 0.38 pg, 0.27 pg, and 0.50 pg of DNA, respectively. These findings indicate suitability of these three species for genome sequencing due to the relatively small size of their genomes compared with other tick species.

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Genome size and nucleotypic variation in Malus germplasm

Genome ◽

10.1139/g08-109 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 148-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Schuyler S. Korban ◽

Wannasiri Wannarat ◽

Charlotte M. Rayburn ◽

Tatiana C. Tatum ◽

A. Lane Rayburn

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Internal Standard ◽

The United States ◽

Mean Value ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Malus Species ◽

Leaf Tissues ◽

Stomatal Length

The genus Malus has anywhere between 25 and 33 species along with several subspecies. Malus species as well as clones within the same species have varying ploidy levels, as these are more than likely collected from different trees and (or) from different locations. In recent years, large numbers of Malus germplasm accessions have been collected and maintained at the United States National Germplasm Clonal Repository; however, genome sizes of this material have not yet been determined. In this study, leaf tissues from young grafted trees of 100 Malus species and hybrids growing in a nursery at the University of Illinois were collected and immediately used for extracting nuclei. Leaf tissues from apple and maize line W-22, used as an internal standard, were co-chopped and prepared for flow cytometric analysis. Apple nuclei were stained with propidium iodide, an intercalating dye, and a minimum of 8000 nuclei per sample were analyzed. Mean fluorescence of apple nuclei was then determined. A total of four replications per sample was used. Among 100 Malus accessions analyzed, one tetraploid, three triploid, and 96 diploid genotypes were identified. Significant differences in genome size were identified among the three ploidy types observed and also within diploid genotypes. The 2C mean value for tetraploids was 3.13 pg and ranged from 2.27 to 2.41 pg for triploids, whereas 2C values for diploids ranged between 1.44 and 1.72 pg. In addition, leaf impressions of young, fully expanded leaves were collected from young trees of 10 selected genotypes based on their ploidy and flow cytometric analysis and used to measure the nucleotypic parameter stomatal length. Ten stomata were measured per slide, three slides were analyzed per leaf, and three leaves were analyzed per accession. Overall, mean length of stomata ranged between 19.47 μm (diploid) and 27.6 μm (tetraploid), indicating that stomatal length in a tetraploid Malus genotype was 1.4-fold higher than that of a diploid genotype. A positive correlation between genome size and the nucleotypic parameter stomatal length was observed.

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Ploidy, Relative Genome Size, and Inheritance of Spotted Foliage in Aucuba Species (Garryaceae)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13221-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1271-1274

Author(s):

Thomas G. Ranney ◽

Tracy H. Thomasson ◽

Kristin Neill ◽

Nathan P. Lynch ◽

Mark Weathington

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Genome Size ◽

Ploidy Level ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Discrete Groups ◽

Basic Information ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Leaf Trait ◽

Leaf Variegation ◽

Evergreen Shrubs

Aucuba have been cultivated for centuries and are valued as adaptable, broad-leaved, evergreen shrubs that also can have attractive, spotted variegations on the foliage. Improved understanding of the cytogenetics and heritability of specific traits, for specific clones and cultivars, can provide basic information to help facilitate the breeding and improvement of aucuba. The objectives of this study were to determine ploidy level and relative genome size of a diverse collection of species and cultivars of aucuba using flow cytometry and cytology and to make additional observations on heritability of spotted leaf variegation. Chromosome counts were 2n = 2x = 16 for Aucuba chinensis (A. omeiensis), 2n = 4x = 32 for A. japonica ‘Rozannie’, and 2n = 6x = 48 for A. sp. ‘Hosoba’. Relative 2C genome size for the 57 taxa varied from 13.8 pg for A. obcordata to 42.0 pg for A. ‘Hosoba’ and fell within three discrete groups consistent with cytotype. Genome size for diploid taxa (A. chinensis and A. obcordata) ranged from 13.8 to 21.0 pg, tetraploids (A. himalaica var. oblanceolata, A. japonica, and A. japonica var. borealis) ranged from 28.8 to 31.2 pg, and the first-ever reported hexaploids (A. ‘Hosoba’ and A. sp. – Vietnam) ranged from 40.5 to 42.0 pg. Unlike prior reports that indicated inheritance of spotted variegations were extranuclear genes that were maternally inherited, we found that the spotted leaf trait expressed in A. japonica ‘Shilpot’ appears to be a nuclear gene that is inherited in a quantitative fashion and not strictly maternal. These data provide an enhanced foundation for breeding improved aucuba.

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