scholarly journals Strong Gender-Specific Additive Effects of the NYD-SP18 and FTO Variants on BMI Values

2015 ◽  
pp. S419-S426
Author(s):  
J. A. HUBACEK ◽  
D. DLOUHA ◽  
V. LANSKA ◽  
V. ADAMKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
P Values ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Significant Additive Effect ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Large Adult

The role of the FTO gene in obesity development is well established in populations around the world. The NYD-SP18 variant has been suggested to have a similar effect on BMI, but the role of this gene in determining BMI has not yet been verified. The objective of our study was to confirm the association between NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP and BMI in the Slavic population and to analyze i) the gender-specific effects of NYD-SP18 on BMI and ii) the simultaneous effect of FTO rs17817449 and NYD-SP18 on BMI. We analyzed a sample of a large adult population based on the post-MONICA study (1,191 males and 1,368 females). Individuals were analyzed three times over 9 years. NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP is related to BMI in males (2000/1 GG 28.3±3.7 kg/m2 vs. +A 27.5±3.7 kg/m2 P<0.0005; in other examinations P<0.05 and <0.005), but not in females (all P values over 0.48 in all three examinations). Further analysis revealed the significant additive effect (but not the interaction) of FTO and NYD-SP18 SNPs on BMI in males (all P<0.01). These results suggest that association between NYD-SP18 rs6971019 SNP and BMI may be restricted to males. Furthermore, variants within NYD-SP18 and FTO genes revealed a significant additive effect on BMI values in males.

The catecholamine response to spaceflight: role of diet and gender

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. E500-E506 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Stein ◽  
C. E. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Do So

Compared with men, women appear to have a decreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to stress. The two manifestations where the sexual dimorphism has been the most pronounced involve the response of the SNS to fluid shifts and fuel metabolism during exercise. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether a similar sexual dimorphism was found in the response to spaceflight. To do so, we compared catecholamine excretion by male and female astronauts from two similar shuttle missions, Spacelab Life Sciences 1 (SLS1, 1991) and 2 (SLS2, 1993) for evidence of sexual dimorphism. To evaluate the variability of the catecholamine response in men, we compared catecholamine excretion from the two SLS missions against the 1996 Life and Microgravity Sciences Mission (LMS) and the 1973 Skylab missions. Results: No gender- or mission-dependent changes were found with epinephrine. Separating out the SLS1/2 data by gender shows that norepinephrine excretion was essentially unchanged with spaceflight in women (98 ± 10%; n = 3) and substantially decreased with the men (41 ± 9%; n= 4, P < 0.05). Data are a percentage of mean preflight value ± SE. Comparisons among males demonstrated significant mission effects on norepinephrine excretion. After flight, there was a transient increase in norepinephrine but no evidence of any gender-specific effects. We conclude that norepinephrine excretion during spaceflight is both mission and gender dependent. Men show the greater response, with at least three factors being involved, a response to microgravity, energy balance, and the ratio of carbohydrate to fat in the diet.

Mean Dietary Fiber Intake of Romanian Adults Results of a Survey Questionnaire

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2083-2087
Author(s):  
Monica Tarcea ◽  
Zita Fazakas ◽  
Viktoria Szucs ◽  
Zsolt Kovacs ◽  
Eniko Nemes Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
The Mean

The role of dietary fibers is crucial especially for the prevention of degenerative diseases and cancer. The purpose of this study was to find practical mathematical formulas to calculate the mean dietary fiber intake of Romanian adult population. Based on the intakes of vegetables, fruits and whole cereals we calculated the Mean Dietary Fiber Intake/day/person (MDFI). Our research shows that the national average MDFI was 9.8 g fiber/day/person, meaning 38% of Dietary Requirements, and the rest of 62% representing a fiber gap that we have to take into account. Public health programs actions sustained and developed by the Romanian Dietitians should be taken towards increasing the consumption of fiber-rich products associated with an increased frequency of physical activity, because these actions will be helpful in reducing chronic diseases incidence in Romania.

Gender-specific effects of caste and salt on hypertension in poverty: a population-based study

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda G Thrift ◽  
Roger G Evans ◽  
Kartik Kalyanram ◽  
Kamakshi Kartik ◽  
Sharyn M Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Molecular and Serologic Testing for Primary Syphilis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caley Bryce Shukalek ◽  
Bonita Lee ◽  
Sumana Fathima ◽  
Angel Chu ◽  
Kevin Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Primary Syphilis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Syphilis Serology ◽  
Large Adult

Rising rates of syphilis (T. pallidum; Tp) requires rapid diagnosis and treatment to manage the growing epidemic. Syphilis serology is imperfect and requires interpretation of multiple tests while molecular diagnostics allows for potential yes-no identification of highly infective, primary anogenital lesions. Accuracy of this testing modality has thus far been limited to small, highly selective studies. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed a large, adult population of patients with anogenital lesions seen at Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) clinics in Alberta, Canada who were screened for syphilis and herpes simplex (HSV) 1/2 using PCR to evaluate Tp-PCR versus serology to diagnose primary syphilis. 114 (3.1%) of the 3,600 adult patients had at least one Tp-PCR+ anogenital lesion with 99 (2.8%) patients having newly positive syphilis serology (new INNO-LIA positive or 4-fold RPR increase). Tp-PCR had a sensitivity of 49.3% (95% CI 42.6-56.1) and specificity of 99.9% (99.7-100.0). Positive predictive values and negative predictive values in the study population or when corrected for provincial prevalence were 97.4% (92.5-99.5) or 0.4% (0.4-1.2) and 96.7% (96.1-97.3) or 100.0% (100.0-100.0), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were estimated at 555 (178-1733) and 0.5 (0.4-0.6), respectively. Review of all Tp-PCR performed with or without exclusion of HSV-positive lesions resulted in no significant change in Tp-PCR characteristics. Interestingly, 12 of the Tp-PCR+ samples had negative serology at time of lesion sampling but became positive within our 28-day testing window. Overall, this study further supports the use of Tp-PCR as an accurate assay to rapidly identify, treat, and prevent the spread of primary syphilis.

Gender-specific and gonadectomy-specific effects upon swim analgesia: Role of steroid replacement therapy

1988 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Teresa Romero ◽  
Madeline L. Cooper ◽  
Barry R. Komisaruk ◽  
Richard J. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Gender Specific

Association Between Knowledge and Practice in the Field of Physical Activity and Health: A Population-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago T. Borges ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal ◽  
Inacio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva ◽  
Grégore Iven Mielke ◽  
Airton J. Rombaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Minimum Frequency ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background:The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between knowledge about physical activity (PA) recommendations (in terms of duration and frequency) and physical activity practice in a population-based sample of adults and adolescents.Methods:Crosssectional survey, conducted in Pelotas, Brazil. Participants (10+ years) were included in the sample and reported their perception about the minimum number of days and duration of PA to achieve health benefits. Those who reported PA practice ≥ 150 min/wk (adults) and ≥ 300 min/wk (adolescents) were considered active.Results:The sample included 1696 adults and 399 adolescents. More than one-third (38.6%) of the adult population reported that < 150 minutes of PA per week would be sufficient to obtain health benefits. Moreover, 76.1% of the adolescents reported that < 300 minutes per week were sufficient to obtain health benefits. Among adolescents, those who were active tended to report that higher amounts of PA were needed to obtain health benefits.Conclusions:Despite global recognition of the role of PA for improving health, knowledge about the minimum frequency and duration for achieving health benefits is still low in Brazil, particularly among adolescents.

Child Sexual Abuse and Criminal Offending: Gender-Specific Effects and the Role of Abuse Characteristics and Other Adverse Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Papalia ◽  
James R. P. Ogloff ◽  
Margaret Cutajar ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Abuse Characteristics ◽  
Gender Specific

This study sought to enhance knowledge of the link between child sexual abuse (CSA) and long-term criminality by investigating gender-specific effects and the role of index sexual abuse characteristics, revictimization, and serious mental health problems. An Australian sample of 2,759 documented cases of sexual abuse and 2,677 community controls were linked to statewide police records and public mental health service databases, with a follow-up period of 13–44 years. Four key findings emerged from the analysis: (1) CSA victims were more likely than controls to engage in all types of criminal behaviors including violent, sexual, and other offending; (2) gender moderated the relationship between CSA and criminal offending, with stronger associations found among females for general and violent offending, and among males for sexual offending; (3) certain features of the index sexual abuse (i.e., developmental period, number of perpetrators, relation to perpetrator), further victimization experiences, and the development of serious mental health problems were all associated with an increased likelihood of criminal behavior among CSA victims; (4) CSA victims who engaged in criminal offending were more likely to present with cumulative risks than victims not engaging in criminal offending. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Population-based seroprevalence of Puumala hantavirus in Finland: smoking as a risk factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Latronico ◽  
S. Mäki ◽  
H. Rissanen ◽  
J. Ollgren ◽  
O. Lyytikäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Guide Intervention ◽  
Cluster Design

AbstractPuumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, that is an endemic disease in Finland. We estimated the seroprevalence of PUUV in Finland and explored risk factors and disease associations by using unique survey data with health register linkage. A total of 2000 sera from a nationwide health survey from 2011, representative of the adult population, were screened for PUUV IgG by immunofluorescence assay. We performed statistical analysis adjusting for stratified cluster design and taking into account sampling weights. In total, 254 sera among 2000 tested were PUUV-IgG-positive resulting in a weighted seroprevalence of 12.5%, (95% CI 10.9–14.4), mirroring known age and regional variation in reported incidence. No associations between PUUV-seropositivity and chronic diseases including cardiovascular (including hypertension), pulmonary, kidney disease and cancer were observed. Smoking was significantly associated with seropositivity (adjusted OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.16–2.04). In addition, significant dose-response relations were found for the number of cigarettes smoked daily (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.12–1.28). The results are important for disease burden assessment and guide intervention strategies, highlighting also the role of smoking prevention.

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