scholarly journals Pupillary Light Reflex is Altered in Adolescent Depression

2017 ◽  
pp. S277-S284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MESTANIKOVA ◽  
I. ONDREJKA ◽  
M. MESTANIK ◽  
D. CESNEKOVA ◽  
Z. VISNOVCOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Depressive Group

Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormal autonomic regulation which could be noninvasively studied using pupillometry. However, the studies in adolescent patients are rare. Therefore, we aimed to study the pupillary light reflex (PLR), which could provide novel important information about dynamic balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in adolescent patients suffering from major depression. We have examined 25 depressive adolescent girls (age 15.2±0.3 year) prior to pharmacotherapy and 25 age/gender-matched healthy subjects. PLR parameters were measured separately for both eyes after 5 min of rest using Pupillometer PLR-2000 (NeurOptics, USA). The constriction percentual change for the left eye was significantly lower in depressive group compared to control group (-24.12±0.87 % vs. –28.04±0.96%, p˂0.01). Furthermore, average constriction velocity and maximum constriction velocity for the left eye were significantly lower in depressive group compared to control group (p˂0.05, p˂0.01, respectively). In contrast, no significant between-groups differences were found for the right eye. Concluding, this study revealed altered PLR for left eye indicating a deficient parasympathetic activity already in adolescent major depression. Additionally, the differences between left and right eye could be related to functional lateralization of autonomic control in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Pupillary Light Reflex in Children with ADHD

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
A Hamrakova ◽  
I Ondrejka ◽  
N Sekaninova ◽  
L Peregrim ◽  
I Tonhajzerova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Invasive Method

Abstract Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently seen mental disorders in children with an increasing risk for other mental disorders. ADHD represents a primary biological dysfunction of the central nervous system, such as dysregulation of frontal-subcortical-cerebellar catecholaminergic circuits and imbalances in the dopaminergic system. However, autonomic nervous system, comprised of two primary branches - sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that are normally in dynamic balance, plays an essential role in the regulation of body functions. Although it is generally assumed that the autonomic regulation is impaired during ADHD the information related to this dysregulation is limited. One of the options to observe changes of autonomic balance in ADHD is pupillary light reflex (PLR). Pupillometric evaluation can be used for the assessment of functioning of both autonomic nervous system branches and certain parameters of pupil responsivity can be helpful as a tool for medical diagnostic and treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggest the pupillometry as a non-invasive method that can indicate abnormalities in the complex central autonomic network regulating PLR.

The influence of major depression and its treatment on heart rate variability and pupillary light reflex parameters

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Jürgen Bär ◽  
Wolf Greiner ◽  
Thomas Jochum ◽  
Marc Friedrich ◽  
Gerd Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light

scholarly journals Using System Identification to Construct an Inherent Model of Pupillary Light Reflex to Explore Diabetic Neuropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Yung-Jhe Yan ◽  
Chien-Nan Chen ◽  
Mang Ou-Yang
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Healthy Participants

This study proposed a pupillary light reflex (PLR) inherent model based on the system identification method to demonstrate the dynamic physiological mechanism of the PLR, in which pupillary constriction and dilation are controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. This model was constructed and verified by comparing the simulated and predicted PLR response with that of healthy participants. The least root-mean-square error (RMSE) of simulated PLR response was less than 0.7% when stimulus duration was under 3 ms. The RMSE of predicted PLR response increased by approximately 6.76%/s from the stimulus duration of 1 ms to 3 s, when the model directly used the parameters extracted from the PLR at the stimulus duration of 10 ms. When model parameters were derived from the regression by the measured PLR response, the RMSE kept under 8.5%. The model was applied to explore the PLR abnormalities of the people with Diabetic Mellitus (DM) by extracting the model parameters from 42 people with DM and comparing these parameters with those of 42 healthy participants. The parameter in the first-order term of the elastic force of the participants with DM was significantly lower than that of the healthy participants (p < 0.05). The sympathetic force and sympathetic action delay of the participants with DM were significantly larger (p < 0.05) and longer (p < 0.0001) than that of the healthy ones, respectively. The reason might be that the sympathetic nervous system, which controls the dilator muscle, degenerated in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals THE UTILITY OF PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX AS AN OBJECTIVE BIOMARKER OF ACUTE CONCUSSION IN THE ADOLESCENT ATHLETE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0015
Author(s):  
Olivia E. Podolak ◽  
Nabin Joshi ◽  
Kenneth Ciuffreda ◽  
Fairuz Mohamed ◽  
Shelly Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Over Time

Background: Visual deficits and autonomic dysfunction have been well recognized following pediatric concussion. Testing of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a simple, non-invasive, and objective approach to examine the autonomic nervous system by accessing the brain pathways. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate adolescent pupillary responses to a light stimulus after a physician-diagnosed concussion and compare them to baseline responses. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, PLR was assessed in 135 adolescent athletes (ages 14-18) during their sport pre-season. All of the athletes were not recovering from a concussion at the time of their baseline assessment. Within this cohort, seven athletes (ages 14-17) sustained a concussion during their sport season and had longitudinal post-injury assessments of PLR through their recovery. The PLR was obtained in response to a brief step-input (0.8 seconds) white light stimulus using a hand-held pupillometer (stimulus recording duration= 5 seconds, light intensity= 150 lux). Pre-set and automated device-generated parameters used for analysis include the minimum and maximum pupil diameter, response amplitude and latency, mean constriction and dilation velocities and the maximum constriction velocity of the eye in response to a light stimulus. During each assessment, three monocular trials were performed in each eye alternatively, and the responses for each eye were subsequently averaged. Results: Six out of the seven concussed adolescents showed response enhancement of about 20% (IQR 11-33%). Enhancement was noted in the steady state diameter with a mean of 24% (median 18%), minimum pupil diameter mean of 17% (median 11%) and maximum constriction velocity mean of 28% (median 33%) following concussion, which decreased during the recovery process (days to weeks post-injury) to pre-injury or below initial pre-injury baseline measurements. Pupillary responsivity was found to be significantly enhanced after concussion compared to baseline measurements, waning over time. Maximum constriction velocity better highlighted the enhancement compared to the baseline pupil diameter. Conclusions/Significance: Pupil responsivity was found to be significantly enhanced after concussion compared to baseline measurements which waned over time during recovery. Assessment of dynamic PLR responses has potential utility as an objective biomarker to aid in concussion diagnosis on the sidelines or in the office, allowing physicians to quantify function (and dysfunction) of the autonomic nervous system under parasympathetic and sympathetic control after concussion.

Pupillometry: An objective test to assess endocular hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199729
Author(s):  
João Heitor Marques ◽  
Luísa Malheiro ◽  
Jorge Malheiro ◽  
Luís Oliveira ◽  
Maria João Menéres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis

Objective: To automatically study the pupillary light reflex in patients with hereditary transthyretin-associated amyloidosis (hATTR). Methods: Prospective cross-sectional observational study in patients with hATTR with unilateral scalloped iris. Pupillary light reflex of scalloped iris eyes (21 eyes) were compared with non-scalloped iris eyes (21 eyes, paired eyes of the same patients) and also with a control group of 20 healthy eyes, using static and dynamic pupillometry with the Metrovision® MonPack One. Results: No patient presented evident neurological involvment of the cranial nerves. No significant differences were found in the pupillary diameters under standardized lighting conditions (static pupillometry) among groups. In dynamic pupillometry, the amplitude of contraction, the velocity of contraction and the velocity of dilation were statistically significantly lower in eyes with scalloped iris, comparing both with the contralateral non-scalloped iris eyes ( p < 0.001 for all) and with eyes from healthy subjects ( p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: A scalloped iris reflects a more advanced endocular hATTR and it is associated with an altered pupillary light reflex. Pupillometry may be a quick, simple, and portable test to objectively evaluate ocular amyloid deposition in hATTR eyes. Pupillary light reflex may not be reliable to evaluate neurological dysfunction in these patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Topical Anti-Glaucoma Medications on Late Pupillary Light Reflex, as Evaluated by Pupillometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakoor Ba-Ali ◽  
Birgit Sander ◽  
Adam Elias Brøndsted ◽  
Henrik Lund-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light
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