scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF POST-COMBUSTION NOX EMISSION CONTROL MECHANISM IN INDIAN COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Minj
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Indian Scenario

The importance of Coal in generation of electricity is well established. But, during the combustion of coal for generation of electricity, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are also released. These oxides of nitrogen are pollutants which have an adverse effect on both the human life as well as the environment. Due to the increased pollution level from Coal Fired Power Plants, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOE&F) on Dec 2015, announced stringent standards for coal based thermal power plants under the Environment Protection Act of 1986. Though various NOx control systems have been installed and functioning properly worldwide, but their provenness in the Indian scenario is yet to be established. As the coal in which the Indian power plants operates have a very different characteristics than the coal used abroad for power plants. This paper aims to address and explore the various methods and challenges in reducing the NOx emissions from Coal Fired Power Plants while firing Indigenous coal.

Measuring output-based technical efficiency of Indian coal-based thermal power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushama Murty ◽  
Resham Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Production Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure technical efficiency of Indian thermal power sector employing the recent by-production approach. Design/methodology/approach The by-production approach is used in conjunction with data from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of India to compute the output-based Färe, Grosskopf, Lovell (FGL) efficiency index and its decomposition into productive and environmental efficiency indexes for the ITPPs Findings The authors show that given the aggregated nature of data on coal reported by CEA, CEA’s computation of CO2 emissions through a deterministic linear formula that does not distinguish between different coal types and the tiny share of oil in coal-based power plants, the computed output-based environmental efficiency indexes are no longer informative. Meaningful measurement of environmental efficiency using CEA data is possible only along the dimension of the coal input. Productive efficiency is positively associated with the engineering concept of thermodynamic/energy efficiency and is also high for power plants with high operating availabilities reflecting better management and O&M practices. Both these factors are high for private and centrally owned as opposed to state-owned power-generating companies. The example of Sipat demonstrates the importance of (ultra)supercritical technologies in increasing productive and thermodynamic efficiencies of the ITPPs, while also reducing CO2 emitted per unit of the net electricity generated. Originality/value This paper uses the by-production approach for the first time to measure technical efficiency of ITPPs and highlights how the nature of the Indian data impacts on efficiency measurement.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Accumulation and Physiological Changes in the Lichens Growing in the Vicinity of Coal-Based Thermal Power of Kanti (Muzaffarpur), Bihar, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Alka Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Polluted Sites

The present study was designed with an aim to observe the effect of increasing pollution level on native lichen diversity, metal accumulation and physiological changes around a coal-based thermal power plant of Kanti, Muzaffarpur districts of Bihar, India. Three lichen species namely Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl, Physcia dilatata Nyl., and Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl., were found growing in their natural habitat in vicinity of fly ash. Among these, Physcia dilatata Nyl., a common foliose lichen, was growing as a most dominant species at highly polluted sites. During present study the species was analyzed for six heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cu) and further physiological changes at five different sampling sites. The test species accumulated maximum levels of Fe (10,923), Pb (389), Cr (151), Zn (142), Ni (73.5), and Cu (39.5) at highly polluted dumping sites. However, there was high spatial variability in total metal accumulation in different species indicated by coefficient of variation (CV %) and showed higher values for Fe, Pb and Cr but lower for Cu and Ni. The concentration of most of the metals at different sites was statistically significant as compared to control site. Further six physiological parameters i.e., Chl a, Chl b, total pigment, chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid and total protein content were also measured and found maximum at least polluted control sites (residential sites). Total chlorophyll and protein content are most useful and efficient parameter to assess air pollution level of a region. Total chlorophyll was significantly higher at control sites (0.62) as compared to highly polluted dumping site (0.22) and similarly protein content was also higher at control sites (42.53) as compared to polluted sites (12.87). The results of the present study indicated that P. diltata is pollution tolerant (adaptation) and able to withstand local emissions from thermal power plants.

Cyclone as a precleaner to ESP ‐ a need for Indian coal based thermal power plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1425-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. George ◽  
S. Manjunath ◽  
C. V. Chalapati Rao ◽  
A. M. Bopche
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Indian Coal

By-production of electricity and particulates: efficiency of Indian thermal power plants revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarun Sengupta ◽  
Deep Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Using Data

Purpose This paper studies the efficiency of Indian coal-fired thermal power plants (CTPPs) in by-production of electricity and particulates also known as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). Design/methodology/approach A non-radial directional distance function is optimized using data envelopment analysis to enumerate the overall inefficiency of CTPPs and its components in recent times. Further, second-stage regression analysis is conducted to identify factors that affect the inefficiency of plants. Findings The low inefficiency score for electricity generation suggests that most CTPPs operate close to the good output frontier. A high degree of emissions inefficiency is a challenge for Indian CTPPs. Ever-rising coal use inefficiency is a hindrance to control SPM emissions. The second stage regression analysis concludes that factors like ownership and capacity utilization play vital roles in determining a plant’s inefficiency level. Privately owned CTPPs have performed better in terms of technical inefficiency and emission inefficiency than plants owned by Central and State governments. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few published works that benchmark the productive and environmental performance of Indian CTPPs.

Optimal time for investment to regulate emissions of particulate matter in Indian thermal power plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-860
Author(s):  
ISHITA SENGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Emissions Tax ◽  
Cost Efficient

ABSTRACTThis study aims to find the optimal switching point for the Indian coal-based power plants to switch to a cost-effective technology and reduce particulate emissions. Regulation in the form of an emission standard, an emissions tax, an ash tax, or a coal tax provides an incentive for the power plants to abate. We have taken a period of 40 years to show the pattern of abatement in a sample of 40 power plants. Linear programming using GAMS has been used for the analysis to determine when the plants will shift to cost-efficient technology. We have first done the analysis on a firm-to-firm basis and then we have aggregated to show the variability of our results.

scholarly journals NOx Emission Reduction in Flue Gas of Coal Fired Thermal Power Station and its Control Measures by Secondary Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Permissible Limits

The ever increasing demand for power is mostly met out by electricity produced with the available resources. One such source where generation of power is by making use of the fossil fuel such as coal. Thermal generation using coal accounts for 69% of the total power produced in India. Flue Gases emitted from coal fired thermal stations consists of CO2,(Carbon-di-oxide),SOx (Oxides of Sulphur), NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen), PM (Particulate matter) along with carbonaceous material, soot and Fly ash. These gaseous pollutants are considered as environmental burden which ultimately results in smog formation, formation of acid rain, eutrophication and global warming which has to be controlled and regulated within the permissible limits as stipulated by MOEF &CC (Ministry of Environmental Forest and Climate Change). This project describes about the analysis of reduction of NOx Emission in Flue Gas of Coal fired thermal stations and the measures to control the NOx emission within the permissible limits for the new thermal power plants by treating the flue gas emitted from the stack. The secondary measure to reduce the NOx emission is achieved by treating the flue gas with urea or ammonia which bring about 90% NOx emission reduction. The application of Low Nox Burner with Over Fire Air Technology along with Selective Catalytic Reduction in the new thermal power plant reduce the emission of NOx to a considerable extent and to meet the norms

scholarly journals Development of Flue Gas Desulphurization Reactor for Reducing SOX Emission from Flue Gases Emitted in Thermal Power Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Contamination Control ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Oil Gas

Electrical energy produced in any country is one of the development measures takes place in that country. The energy produced is mainly based on the available resources such as flowing water, coal, oil, gas, nuclear fuels, wind, solar etc. The accessibility of bounty coal in India had provoked the power plant organizers to introduce coal based warm power stations. During the pre-autonomy and post-freedom period in mid fifties, the need was to create control and subsequently much consideration was not paid to the contamination angle and this proceeded up to late seventies. The awareness made by contamination impact on the general public and the colossal measure of disintegration exposed to the gear constrained the specialists to make contamination standards increasingly stringent. These convincing standards which appeared in eighties required the power plant faculty to change the contamination control gear in the current power plants introduced during early days. Most of intensity plants in India going from not many MW to 500 MW or more are of pounded fuel terminated boilers using low calorific, low coal sulfur, high debris content sub-bituminous coal. Due to burning of the coal, emissions such as Particulate Matter (PM), Oxides of Sulphur (SOx) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) apart from CO2, CO are carried away to the atmosphere through the flue gas. In this paper, the methodology to reduce SOx from flue gas in a coastal power station in is discussed and the optimum methodology adopted is Seawater Flue Gas Desulphurisation (SWFGD) using the alkalinity of the seawater to scrub SO2 from the flue gas. The seawater used in the FGD system is from the once through Condenser outlet of the Turbine system and since there is no by-product to be disposed, the seawater FGD is the optimum SOx reducing mechanism for a coastal thermal power station.

PARTICLE-INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION (PIXE) ANALYSIS OF COAL FLY ASH

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. VIJAYAN ◽  
V.S. RAMAMURTHY ◽  
S.N. BEHERA
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Pollution Problem

Analysis of trace element in coal fly ash has been brought to the attention of the general public in recent years primarily as it concerns in pollution problem with coal-fired power plants. Indian coal used in the thermal power plants has quite high content of ash (upto 55%). Therefore, in order to assess the environmental impact of the coal fuel cycle, coal fly ash samples from Captive Power Plant (CPP) of National Aluminium Company (NALCO) in Angul industrial area have been analysed for heavy elements by PIXE technique. Sample preparation procedures, experimental setup and spectrum analysis are discussed.

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