CLOVER - WHAT TYPES FOR DRY HILL COUNTRY?

1984 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mj Macfarlane ◽  
G.W. Sheath
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Apparent Shift ◽  
White Clover Plant ◽  
Clover Plant

Subterranean clover and white clover plant material was collected from 85 sites located in summerdry northern North Island hill country. Plants of both species originating from this collection were grown and typed at Whatwhata Hill Country Research Station. Using several cultivars and selections as standards, measurements were made of morphological, flowering and reseeding characteristics. The subterranean clover population consisted of 44% Mt Barker type, 28% Tallarook type and the remainder an undetermined intermediate type. Mt Barker types in the collection tended to flower later and for longer than their Mt Barker standard, while Tallarook types tended to flower earlier and for longer than StandardTallarook. White clover plants were smaller and more densely leaved than 'Grasslands Huia', the population mean being similar to 'Grasslands Tahora'. A vast majority (7035%) of plants flowered earlier and yielded more seed than Huia and Tahora. An apparent shift in plant type has occurred within clover populations in summerdry hill country, the most notable being the development of a more flexible reseeding pattern. This type can be a future guide to breeding clovers suitable to these environment . Keywords: white clover, subterranean clover, flowering, seeding, morphology, type hill country

The cobalt status of Tasmanian soils. II The recovery of applied cobalt in pot experiments

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Nicolls ◽  
JL Honeysett
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Ph Range

In glass-house experiments, cobalt was added at rates corresponding to 18, 32, or 36 oz CoSO4.7H2O per acre to 27 soils, mostly krasnozems. This treatment raised the cobalt content of subterranean clover tops significantly on only 13 soils, and on only five of the 13 by more than 0.05 p.p.m. Cobalt in control plants ranged from 0.05 to 0.32 p.p.m. The largest recovery of applied cobalt, by two successive crops of subterranean clover, was 4% of that applied. Mechanical contamination of plant material was avoided by adding the cobalt before sowing the first crop. Perennial ryegrass and white clover gave similar results, over four or five harvests. The implications for the practice of top-dressing pastures with cobalt salts are discussed. Cobalt application at the 36 oz rate increased cobalt in subterranean clover more than the 18 oz on three of the four soils tested at the two rates. There was some evidence for a greater recovery of applied cobalt from the more acid soils, over a pH range of 4.9 to 6.2.

Anthocyanin regulatory gene expression in transgenic white clover can result in an altered pattern of pigmentation

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
John de Majnik ◽  
Jeremy J. Weinman ◽  
Michael A. Djordjevic ◽  
Barry G. Rolfe ◽  
Greg J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S ◽  
White Clover Plant ◽  
Clover Plant

This study presents the first evidence of heterologous anthocyanin regulatory genes altering anthocyanin expression in stably transformed leguminous plants. Two families of anthocyanin regulatory genes, myc (delila, B-Peru) and myb (myb.Ph2, C1), are involved in the activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. White clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) plants were transformed with dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous myb or myc genes. Some of these transformed plants exhibited enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in a range of tissues. One plant, transformed with the B-Peru gene driven by the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter, displayed a unique pattern of anthocyanin accumulation in the leaf. The accumulation of anthocyanin in this plant was closely associated with the crescent of leaves, which is normally white. The red pigmentation declined in intensity in the oldest leaf stage. The B-Peru message was detected in all leaf stages of this white clover plant. This anthocyanin pattern was shown to be heritable.

scholarly journals Pasture legume establishment from oversowing in drought-prone hill country

1993 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
M.H. Awan ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
M.A. Choudhary ◽  
D.J. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Plant and environmental factors that affect pasture legume establishment from oversowing were examined in a series of experiments at Poukawa Research Station near Hastings. A combination of 2 sowing seasons and 2 soil conditions gave cool/ dry, cool/wet, warm/dry and warm/wet. The rainfall in the trial year (1992) was 933 mm compared with the mean of 771 mm. Eleven species (5 annual and 6 perennial legumes) from Lotus, Medicago and Tr$olium genera were used. Establishment was poor, less than 10% of total herbage yield (6 and 8 months after oversowing for the cool and warm seasons, respectively) being contributed by any of the legume species. The major cause of poor establishment was poor germination. Eighty percent of sown seed failed to produce a seedling. Although germination was worse under cool (8°C) conditions, particularly for subterranean clover, the major cause of poor germination was not identified. The usefulness of new legume species in dryland hill pastures will depend on the species being suited to establishment from oversowing and a better definition of the factors that affect successful oversowing. Keywords: drought, herbage yield, hill country, Lotus, Medicago, moisture, oversowing, pasture establishment, plant density, temperature, Trifolium

scholarly journals An on-farm evaluation of white and subterranean clovers in North Island hill country

1990 ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Macfarlane ◽  
A.W. Mcgowan ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
C.J. Korte
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Clover Content

Five white clover and 5 subterranean clover cultivars were evaluated under 'on-farm' conditions at 21 North Island sites over 5 years. Seedlings were established in the field and their content in the sward followed by point analysis. Grasslands Huia, Grasslands Tahora and Whatawhata Early Flowering established most rapidly. Overall, white clover was not altered by the introduction of any cultivar into existing pastures. White clover content of the sward appear to be determined by factors other than genetic potential, such as other species present, current management practices, and climate. All subterranean clover cultivars established populations, though Tallarook was the most successful. At most sites Tallarook regenerated the best, followed by Mt Barker. The contribution to legume density made by any other subterranean clover cultivar was minimal Keywords white clover, subterranean clover, hill country, point analysis

scholarly journals Growth of the white clover plant in relation to seed production

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
R.G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
White Clover Plant ◽  
Clover Plant

The growth and development at the stolen apex of white clover is described, particularly in relation to inflorescence initiation, and the factors controlling such initiation are reviewed for the range of cultivars which has been studied. The difference between the responses to environment in plants of Mediterranean and high latitude origin are emphasized. Key words: Trifolium repens, growth, flowering, photoperiod, temperature, seed production.

scholarly journals White clover plant morphology in Waikato dairy pastures

1993 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
S.L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Stolon Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Grazed Swards ◽  
White Clover Plant ◽  
Clover Plant

Seasonal changes in white clover plant morphology were investigated in Waikato dairy pasture. Plants were classified according to the degree of branching, 2nd-order plants comprising the bulk of the population (47%) throughout the year. There was a slightly greater proportion of lst-order plants than found in similar studies on sheep-grazed swards in Manawahr. Plant fragmentation occurred in late spring, increasing the proportion of lstorder plants. A corresponding decrease in plant size was observed, with minimum values measured for most characteristics, i.e., stolon, leaf and root dry weight (DW); stolon length, and number of leaves, roots and growing points. Overall, white clover plants in Waikato dairy pastures are considerably larger than plants in Manawatu sheep pastures. The trial highlighted that because white clover plants in spring are small, they are vulnerable to mismanagement in dairy pastures, just as has been demonstrated in pasture grazed by sheep. There were, however, some significant differences in white clover plant structure in dairy pastures compared with sheep-grazed swards. Keywords: dairy pasture, morphology, plant order, plant size, seasonal variation, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Effects of summer grazing and fertiliser on the clover content of hill country swards in the Gisborne region

1990 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
C.J. Korte ◽  
S.J. Quilter
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Better Than

Preliminary results are presented from an investigation to identify reasons for the low clover content of hill country pastures in the Gisborne-East Coast region. Four experiments were established near Gisbome. Treatments included: fertiliser versus no fertiliser; summer grazing versus no summer grazing; and clover cultivars (transpanted into swards). Summer rainfall had the major influence on the clover content of swards. With a reliable high summer rainfall the clover content averaged 16% of herbage. By contrast, with less reliable and lower summer rainfall, the clover content averaged 4-5% and subterranean clover was more important, Summer spelling of pasture, which allowed rank grass growth, reduced both white and subterranean clover content of swards. Fertiliser inputs increased the clover content of swards. Performance of cultivars was affected by grazing, differences between cultivars being greatest with summer grazing. The small-leaved cultivars of white clover ('Grasslands Tahora' and 'Whatawhata') initially performed better than larger-leaved cultivars at the high summer rainfall site, but failed to sustain any advantage. 'Tallarook' subterranean clover increased the clover content of swards with summer grazing. Keywords white clover, subterranean clover, East Coast, hill country, fertiliser, grazing management

scholarly journals The behaviour of adult Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) in response to white clover

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hardwick ◽  
B. Harens
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Antennal Movement ◽  
White Clover Plant ◽  
Clover Plant

Individual adult Sitona lepidus were given the choice between damaged or undamaged seedlings mature plants of white clover damp soil or a blank in laboratory experiments carried out in a simple olfactometer Adult weevils displayed five different behavioural responses two of which head lifting and antennal movement appeared to be associated with host location In choice tests 7484 of adults chose a white clover plant over the blank or damp soil When given a choice 72 of adults selected white clover seedlings over mature plants Root and leaf damage did not affect response of S lepidus to white clover seedlings

scholarly journals OVERSOWN GRASSES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ON SOUTHLAND HILL COUNTRY

1985 ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cd Meurk ◽  
J.D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Pasture Yield

Infertile hill country grasslands are a vastly under-utilised pastoral resource in New Zealand. Three years of trial results on this class of land in eastern Southland are summarised. Five grasses (Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, Roa tall fescue and Maru phalaris) were oversown together with Huia white clover and subterranean clover. These were compared with a resident pasture, all under two fertility levels and two rotational grazing managements, and with unimproved pasture. The use of fertiliser and rotational grazing doubled the productivity of the unimproved rangeland to ca. 10,500 kg DMlhalyear. The addition of white clover increased yield to 12,000 kg, and improved grasses increased this further to 14,000 kg. Keywords: agronomy, fertiliser, grasses, grazing management, hill country, oversowing, pasture composition, pasture yield.

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