scholarly journals An on-farm evaluation of white and subterranean clovers in North Island hill country

1990 ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Macfarlane ◽  
A.W. Mcgowan ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
C.J. Korte
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Clover Content

Five white clover and 5 subterranean clover cultivars were evaluated under 'on-farm' conditions at 21 North Island sites over 5 years. Seedlings were established in the field and their content in the sward followed by point analysis. Grasslands Huia, Grasslands Tahora and Whatawhata Early Flowering established most rapidly. Overall, white clover was not altered by the introduction of any cultivar into existing pastures. White clover content of the sward appear to be determined by factors other than genetic potential, such as other species present, current management practices, and climate. All subterranean clover cultivars established populations, though Tallarook was the most successful. At most sites Tallarook regenerated the best, followed by Mt Barker. The contribution to legume density made by any other subterranean clover cultivar was minimal Keywords white clover, subterranean clover, hill country, point analysis

scholarly journals Effects of summer grazing and fertiliser on the clover content of hill country swards in the Gisborne region

1990 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
C.J. Korte ◽  
S.J. Quilter
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Better Than

Preliminary results are presented from an investigation to identify reasons for the low clover content of hill country pastures in the Gisborne-East Coast region. Four experiments were established near Gisbome. Treatments included: fertiliser versus no fertiliser; summer grazing versus no summer grazing; and clover cultivars (transpanted into swards). Summer rainfall had the major influence on the clover content of swards. With a reliable high summer rainfall the clover content averaged 16% of herbage. By contrast, with less reliable and lower summer rainfall, the clover content averaged 4-5% and subterranean clover was more important, Summer spelling of pasture, which allowed rank grass growth, reduced both white and subterranean clover content of swards. Fertiliser inputs increased the clover content of swards. Performance of cultivars was affected by grazing, differences between cultivars being greatest with summer grazing. The small-leaved cultivars of white clover ('Grasslands Tahora' and 'Whatawhata') initially performed better than larger-leaved cultivars at the high summer rainfall site, but failed to sustain any advantage. 'Tallarook' subterranean clover increased the clover content of swards with summer grazing. Keywords white clover, subterranean clover, East Coast, hill country, fertiliser, grazing management

scholarly journals The effects of lime on pasture composition and production in western Waikato hill country

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Boom ◽  
Mike Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Clover Content

A 4-year lime rate trial was established on a hill country sheep and cattle property near Te Akau to determine lime effects on pasture utilisation. Four rates of lime were applied (1.25 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) to 2 m × 2 m plots, from which soil Al, Ca and pH, pasture grazing heights, dry matter production, pasture species composition, feed quality and brix levels were measured. Lime application reduced soil Al (14.6 to 1.1 mg/kg), and increased Ca and pH (5.0 to 6.2) over time in the highest application rate. Dry matter production responded to all rates of lime in each year, and by the fourth year it was 27% greater (1.25 t/ha treatment), 35% greater (2.5 t/ha treatment), 69% greater (5 t/ha treatment), and 97% greater (10 t/ha treatment) than in the un-limed plots. Ryegrass and subterranean clover content increased with lime rate, whereas chewings fescue and dicot weed content declined. There were no sustained differences in pasture grazing heights, feed quality or brix levels between the control and rates of lime. On this site, all rates of lime were economic to apply by truck or plane when the benefits were spread over 4 years, with the greatest cost-benefit from thelower rates of lime.

scholarly journals Adoption of forage technologies

2013 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Caradus ◽  
Simon Lovatt ◽  
Bruce Belgrave
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
White Clover ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
On Farm

Pastoral farmers seek to continue to increase on-farm productivity, and to do this they need new forage options that they can adopt into their current management strategies. Four case studies show that New Zealand farmers have rapidly adopted new technologies that include forage herbs, white clovers with improved stolon growing point densities, and novel endophyte technologies. The less disruptive these technologies are to accepted farmer management strategies the greater the likelihood of adoption. Keywords: Forage technologies, adoption, chicory, white clover, endophytes

scholarly journals Performance of new pasture cultivars in a hill country finishing system

1990 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Webby ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
C.J. Boom
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Current Returns ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Made In

On 6 of a set of 12 self-contained experimental farmlets, improved pasture cultivars 'Ellett' ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Tahora' white clover, Whatawhata Early Flowering' white clover, 'Mount Barker' sub clover, 'Tallarook sub clover, 'Grasslands Mama prairie grass, 'Grasslands Pitau white clover and 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover were successfully established in 1986. Measurements began May 1987. Results presented to May 1989 include pasture production, animal production and financial returns. Matua prairie grass failed to persist beyond spring 1988 but clovers including Pawera and Pitau in these pastures increased summer production in 1989. In summer 1989 the improved steep pastures produced 8 kg DM/ha/day more feed than the resident pastures, with most of this increase owing to Wana cocksfoot. Lamb numbers and lamb weight gains were greater with improved pastures. Bulls were priority finishing animals and their weights were insensitive to pasture treatment. Current returns from this experiment show little to justify the investment made in introducing new cultivars into existing developed hill pastures. Keywords pasture cultivars, hill country, finishing systems, pasture improvement

CLOVER - WHAT TYPES FOR DRY HILL COUNTRY?

1984 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mj Macfarlane ◽  
G.W. Sheath
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Apparent Shift ◽  
White Clover Plant ◽  
Clover Plant

Subterranean clover and white clover plant material was collected from 85 sites located in summerdry northern North Island hill country. Plants of both species originating from this collection were grown and typed at Whatwhata Hill Country Research Station. Using several cultivars and selections as standards, measurements were made of morphological, flowering and reseeding characteristics. The subterranean clover population consisted of 44% Mt Barker type, 28% Tallarook type and the remainder an undetermined intermediate type. Mt Barker types in the collection tended to flower later and for longer than their Mt Barker standard, while Tallarook types tended to flower earlier and for longer than StandardTallarook. White clover plants were smaller and more densely leaved than 'Grasslands Huia', the population mean being similar to 'Grasslands Tahora'. A vast majority (7035%) of plants flowered earlier and yielded more seed than Huia and Tahora. An apparent shift in plant type has occurred within clover populations in summerdry hill country, the most notable being the development of a more flexible reseeding pattern. This type can be a future guide to breeding clovers suitable to these environment . Keywords: white clover, subterranean clover, flowering, seeding, morphology, type hill country

Maximising the subterranean clover content on a summer-dry Wairarapa hill-country farm through grazing management

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya T. Olykan ◽  
Richard J. Lucas ◽  
Dan J. Nicholson ◽  
Crile Doscher ◽  
Derrick J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
North West ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Hill Slope ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Clover Content

Tokaroa Farm is a 608-ha sheep and beef farm, in the Wairarapa. Paddock slopes range from flat to steep (>25°) with a predominance of gentler north facing slopes and steeper south facing slopes. Annual rainfall is 810 mm and average summer dry is three months. Resident subterranean (sub) clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) populations were identified on an uncultivatable north-west facing hill slope in 2015, and a management plan devised to increase its contribution to pastures. Exclosure plots showed that an eight-week spell in spring 2016 increased resident sub clover groundcover from 13 to 54%, while in the lightly grazed paddock control sub clover increased from 10 to 28%. There was a positive linear relationship (R2=0.51) between the total number of established sub clover seedlings on 30 March 2017 and the previous spring sub clover groundcover (%) on 25 November 2016. In October 2017, the effect of the spring 2016 exclosure treatments was still evident with 57% sub clover groundcover in the eight-week spelled areas compared with 37% in the control despite all the exclosures being grazed in 2017.Sub clover management strategies were developed, using slope and aspect, and applied to a GIS map of Tokaroa Farm. This suggested that 53% of the farm could have sub clover overdrilled into it and 29% could have the resident sub clover population actively managed and/or oversown with sub clover seed.

scholarly journals Towards more sustainable biological hill country sheep and beef farming

1991 ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
D.I. Gray ◽  
I.M. Brookes ◽  
R.A. Barker ◽  
J.E. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
On Farm

This paper describes the research method adopted to identify the constraints to biological (chemical-free) sheep and beef production and to develop management systems that overcome these constraints. The method adopted to meet these objectives has three distinct phases; I A farmlet study, II Component research, and III Farmer survey and on farm testing. The objective of the farmlet study was to establish two farmlets, initially as similar as possible in terms of stock numbers and management practices. The only constraint imposed on the biological and not the conventional farmlet, is that the management practices must comply with the production standards of the New Zealand Biological Producers Council. The conventional farmlet acts as a baseline against which the performance of the biological farmlet can be compared, and to identify constraints to biological hill country sheep and beef production. Component research is used to investigate alternative methods of overcoming these constraints. The third phase of the programme is to survey practising biological producers, which number 50 at present, to identify their major constraints to production and to describe the management practices of successful biological producers. The information from this survey could then be used to further develop the biological farmlet and component research programme. Progress to date in the farmlet study and the information system used to manage and evaluate the performanceof the conventional and biological farmlet is also detailed. Keywords: biological, chemical-free, alternative farming, hill country, research method

scholarly journals OVERSOWN GRASSES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ON SOUTHLAND HILL COUNTRY

1985 ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cd Meurk ◽  
J.D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Pasture Yield

Infertile hill country grasslands are a vastly under-utilised pastoral resource in New Zealand. Three years of trial results on this class of land in eastern Southland are summarised. Five grasses (Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, Roa tall fescue and Maru phalaris) were oversown together with Huia white clover and subterranean clover. These were compared with a resident pasture, all under two fertility levels and two rotational grazing managements, and with unimproved pasture. The use of fertiliser and rotational grazing doubled the productivity of the unimproved rangeland to ca. 10,500 kg DMlhalyear. The addition of white clover increased yield to 12,000 kg, and improved grasses increased this further to 14,000 kg. Keywords: agronomy, fertiliser, grasses, grazing management, hill country, oversowing, pasture composition, pasture yield.

Use of business analysis in beef businesses to direct management practice change for climate adaptation outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiri C. Broad ◽  
Roger J. Sneath ◽  
Timothy M. J. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Current Business

Beef businesses in northern Australia are facing increased pressure to be productive and profitable with challenges such as climate variability and poor financial performance over the past decade. Declining terms of trade, limited recent gains in on-farm productivity, low profit margins under current management systems and current climatic conditions will leave little capacity for businesses to absorb climate change-induced losses. In order to generate a whole-of-business focus towards management change, the Climate Clever Beef project in the Maranoa-Balonne region of Queensland trialled the use of business analysis with beef producers to improve financial literacy, provide a greater understanding of current business performance and initiate changes to current management practices. Demonstration properties were engaged and a systematic approach was used to assess current business performance, evaluate impacts of management changes on the business and to trial practices and promote successful outcomes to the wider industry. Focus was concentrated on improving financial literacy skills, understanding the business’ key performance indicators and modifying practices to improve both business productivity and profitability. To best achieve the desired outcomes, several extension models were employed: the ‘group facilitation/empowerment model’, the ‘individual consultant/mentor model’ and the ‘technology development model’. Providing producers with a whole-of-business approach and using business analysis in conjunction with on-farm trials and various extension methods proved to be a successful way to encourage producers in the region to adopt new practices into their business, in the areas of greatest impact. The areas targeted for development within businesses generally led to improvements in animal performance and grazing land management further improving the prospects for climate resilience.

scholarly journals Tolerance of newly sown cocksfoot-clover pastures to the herbicide imazethapyr

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Lewis ◽  
R.J. Lucas ◽  
R.W. Hofmann ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Lincoln University ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Clover Pasture

In New Zealand, subterranean clover is recommended as a companion legume in mixed swards, particularly in dryland cocksfoot-based pastures. However, establishment of cocksfoot is slower than perennial ryegrass and therefore weed ingress is more common. An experiment at Lincoln University, Canterbury showed imazethapyr applied when clover was at the 3-4 trifoliate leaf stage, and cocksfoot at the 2+ leaf stage, increased the subterranean clover content of the pastures by at least 1000 kg DM/ha, despite initial visual phytotoxicity responses. Balansa and white clover pasture yields were not different to their unsprayed unweeded controls. Imazethapyr application controlled broadleaf weeds from early in the season. The herbicide application reduced cocksfoot yields by 70% in early spring, but yields recovered and were not different to the unsprayed unweeded controls at 1350 ± 260 kg DM/ha after grazing. Imazethapyr application improved subterranean clover pastures through an increase in clover content by suppressing weeds and temporarily reducing the rate of cocksfoot growth. Keywords: subterranean clover, Spinnaker herbicide, seedling, white clover, balansa clover

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