Field experience with new pasture cultivars in Canterbury

1990 ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Over the last 10 years Canterbury farmers have started to diversify their pasture base in order to optimise their stock production. While ryegrass is still the base grass of our pastoral system, it is unsuited to many sites where pasture must generate high stock growth rates despite seasonally low rainfall, high soil temperatures and pasture pest challenge. On such sites, pastures based on cocksfoot, (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L . ) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) or prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth, cv. 'Grasslands Matua') or lucerne (Medicago sativa) or chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) have lifted net farming returns. Keywords ryegrass, endophyte, tall fescue, phalaris, cocksfoot, prairie grass, chicory, pasture pests, rainfall, stock production, pasture persistence

scholarly journals An evaluation of tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot in mixes as an alternative to single-species pastures

1994 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
R.J. Johnson ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
T.G. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Seasonal and annual dry matter production of ryegrass was compared with drought- and grass grub-tolerant species Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) as both single species and different combinations of mixes in two trials from 1982 to 1991. In trial 1, Nui ryegrass (damaged by Argentine stem weevil) produced significantly less than cocksfoot, phalaris and mixtures of the drought-tolerant grasses. Yatsyn-1 ryegrass in trial 2 was not subjected to stem weevil attack and the annual dry matter production was significantly higher than that of tall fescue and, although not significantly, higher than that of phalaris and cocksfoot. In both trials the highest producing mixture was the phalaris/ cocksfoot mix with the exception of the triple mix of phalaris/cocksfoot/tall fescue in trial 2. The phalaris/cocksfoot mix produced significantly more than phalaris as a single species and although not significant, 14% more than cocksfoot suggesting these species are complementary in a mix. The triple mix in trial 2 produced significantly more than all single species except ryegrass. Mixes of srgnificant. tall fescue/phalaris and tall fescue/cocksfoot had no advantage in DM production over single-species sowings of phalaris or cocksfoot, but improved yields over tall fescue. These results show possible complementary effects to sowing phalaris and cocksfoot. The addition of tall fescue to the mix had small and non-significant benefits. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Loliumperenne, Phalaris aquatica. grass grub, pasture mixes, pasture production, single species, summer dry spells

scholarly journals Grass grub tolerant pastures and fertiliser nitrogen as an alternative to white clover in pasture subject to grass grub attack

1990 ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of replacing white clover with fertiliser nitrogen (N) on dry matter production and grass grub populations in 'Grasslands Roa' tell fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 'Grasslands Mat-u' phalaris (Phalutis aquatica L.), 'Grasslands Kara' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Grasslands Mama' prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) and 'old' (30 year plus) ryegrass was measured over a 2 year period. For all pastures the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N significantly reduced grass grub numbers. This was greatest in tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot, showing that pure swards of these species were resistant to grass grub. Decreases in grass grub numbers in ryegrass and prairie grass were less. There was overall a significant increase in pasture production by eliminating white clover and applying fertiliser N, with a differential response between species. Average annual production of prairie grass was unaffected, whereas the yield of cocksfoot increased by 9 % and old ryegrass, phalaris and tall fescue increased by 26 % . Most of this extra production for tall fescue and phalaris occurred in autumn. These results show that the use of tall fescue and phalaris and the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N has potential for increasing pasture production in districts subject to grass damage. Keywords old ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Kara cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, white clover, grass grub, nitrogen fertiliser

scholarly journals A comparison of six grasses for animal production

1992 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
G.S. Baxter ◽  
M.J. Casey ◽  
K.B. Miller ◽  
R.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Prairie Grass

Farmers are aware of the increasing amount of information comparing alternative cultivars in dry environments in New Zealand. Animal production data in cool moist environments was unknown. To compare relative animal performance six different grasses were sown with Grasslands Tahora white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in 0.25 ha plots in two replicates in December 1988 at the Gore Research Centre in Southland. The six grasses were Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L)., Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L). Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Ku&), Grasslands Hakari upland bmme (Bromus sitchensis), and Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phleum pratense L). These pastures were rotationally grazed with goats through spring and summer of the following two years; 2-weekly liveweight gain of 10 goats was recorded. Stocking rate was estimated from the addition of extra goats each week to achieve a residual pasture height of 100 mm. Spring liveweight gains (mid Sept-late Nov) were greatest on timothy and least on prairie grass. Stocking rate in spring was highest on the upland brome and tall fescue pastures and lowest for prairie grass and timothy pastures. Prairie grass pastures produced less total liveweight gain per ha than the other pastures. During summer, goat liveweight gains were ranked similarly to spring. Stocking rates were greatest on upland brome, and lowest on tall fescue. Total liveweight gain per ha in summer was greatest on the timothy pastures and least on prairie grass pastures. Keywords Bromus sitchensis, Bromus willdenowii, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, goats, Lolium perenne. liveweight gain, Phleum pratense, stocking rate, Trifolium repens

Tall fescue or creeping foxtail suppresses foxtail barley

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
A. L. Boswall
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) is a troublesome weed in irrigated pastures. Several grass species seeded on two irrigated pastures at Lethbridge to test their ability to compete with foxtail barley. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir) reduced foxtail barley groundcover significantly compared to orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt.) and western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.); therefore, seeding of these grasses in areas subject to foxtail barley invasion should be encouraged. Key words: Foxtail barley, tall fescue, creeping foxtail, wet soils, salinity, weed suppression

Growth of seedlings of prairie grass and tall fescue in small swards of kikuyu at different temperatures

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hill ◽  
CJ Pearson ◽  
LC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Grass Sward

Seeds of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were planted in established small swards of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst ex Chiov.). Growth of the temperate seedlings and the subtropical grass sward was measured over a period of 59 days under four temperature regimes from 14/6 to 23/20�C (12/12 h). The capacity of the seedlings of the oversown temperate perennial grasses to establish in the sward of the subtropical kikuyu depended on temperature. At low temperature (mean daily temperature < 1l�C) the seedlings grew faster than the kikuyu and became successfully established. At moderate temperatures (11-19�C) the relative growth rates of seedlings were comparable with the relative growth rates of kikuyu tillers, but the latter dominated due to a greater absolute growth rate. Stature was an important component in the inter-species competition, and the taller prairie grass grew much better in competition with kikuyu than did fescue. Temperatures above 20�C exceeded the optimum of the seedlings of the temperate species but not that of kikuyu, so that the sown species were at a disadvantage and kikuyu dominated the mixture. It is concluded that prairie grass and tall fescue can be established successfully only in swards of kikuyu when day temperatures are below 21 and 15�C respectively, unless kikuyu is suppressed for a long period. A herbicide may be an economical means of doing this.

scholarly journals Herbicide Uptake and Regrowth Ability of Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass in S-Metolachlor-Contaminated Leachates from Sand Pot Experiment

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Euro Pannacci ◽  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Maria Luce Bartucca ◽  
Luigi Nasini ◽  
Primo Proietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The ability of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), to remediate leachates polluted with S-metolachlor (SMR) has been assessed in static hydroponic cultures. Different SMR concentrations (0.25, 1.00, and 2.00 mg L−1) were applied in the growth media to test the capacity of the two grasses to tolerate and uptake this herbicide, and to regrowth after mowing. S-metolachlor did not severely affect the dry weight aerial biomass of D. glomerata and F. arundinacea, which were reduced by 5% and 10%, respectively, when compared to the untreated control, regardless of the SMR concentrations in the leachate. The regrowth ability of aerial biomass after mowing was reduced at the different SMR concentrations, according to a dose–response model. The SMR concentrations, which reduced the regrowth ability of F. arundinacea and D. glomerata of 10% and 30%, were found to be EC10 (Effective Concentration) of 0.21 and 0.38 mg L−1 and EC30 of 0.45 and 0.74 mg L−1, respectively. These values could be assumed as the SMR concentrations that were well tolerated by both the species, without compromising their aerial biomass regrowth. Finally, tall fescue was found to be more effective and faster than orchardgrass in decreasing the SMR in the leachate and, therefore, this species should be preferred to be used in the vegetative buffer strips (VBS).

Novel Festuca arundinacea Shreb. and Dactylis glomerata L. germplasm to improve adaptation for marginal environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Harris ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
K. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
North African ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Similar Yield

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Lolium arundinceum Schreb., S.J. Darbyshire) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) were identified for improvement for low to medium rainfall (400–700 mm) environments where persistence of common cultivars has been unreliable. Over 200 accessions and experimental varieties of tall fescue and cocksfoot sourced from the Mediterranean basin were screened over 2 years at sites on the North-West Slopes of NSW and on the Central Highlands of Victoria, respectively. These were compared with some locally naturalised plants and most of the cultivars available in Australasia as well as cultivars developed for warm temperate and Mediterranean climates in Italy, France, Uruguay and the USA. To date, the screened accessions and experimental varieties have exhibited varying degrees of summer activity and other attributes of commercial value. Six tall fescue accessions were selected for development of synthetic varieties. These included three Sardinian accessions that after 2 years had superior persistence to cv. Demeter and recorded the highest yield scores, the mean of which exceeded that of the best performing cultivars by 34% and that of Demeter by 64%. A further three select North African accessions of tall fescue had similar yield ratings to Demeter and that of the best performing winter-active, summer-dormant cultivars. After 2 years, four Mediterranean accessions of cocksfoot were selected. These had recorded the highest yield scores, the mean of which was 34% greater than that recorded for the highest yielding cultivars and 40% greater than cv. Currie, compared with which these accessions were densely tillered and fine-leafed. The four select Mediterranean cocksfoot accessions exhibited 100% persistence; the persistence of the cultivars ranged from 31–97%. Select plants of the best performing accessions were subsequently removed from the field sites and transferred to pollen-proof glasshouse chambers for synthesis of experimental varieties. The endophyte-free tall fescue synthetics were based on Sardinian accessions selected for year round production and persistence or North African accessions that had similar yield to Demeter but with improved winter production and some summer activity. The cocksfoot synthetics were based on select plants of accessions from North Africa and included both D. glomerata and D. glomerata ssp. glomerata × spp. hispanica hybrids exhibiting persistence, dense tillering and seasonal productivity.

Germination and seedling growth of prairie grass, tall fescue and Italian ryegrass at different temperatures

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hill ◽  
CJ Pearson ◽  
AC Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Field Emergence

We measured the effects of temperature on the germination, emergence and growth during early tillering of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Radicle emergence (the percentage of seeds with emerged radicles) and 'field' emergence (the percentage of seeds with shoots > 1 cm long) were reduced at 35�C (constant, all lines), or 30/25�C (12/12 h, prairie grass and Tama Italian ryegrass only). All lines took longer to germinate at 15 and 10�C (constant) than at higher temperatures, and final percentage germination of tall fescue lines was lower at 10�C (constant) than at other temperatures. Italian ryegrass had the fastest shoot extension, and consequently the fastest 'field' emergence. Seed respiration rates were higher in fescue than in the other lines at 4 days from imbibition, and rates rose in all lines at 8 days. Over the first 20 days after sowing, growth rates were closely related (r = 0.87-0.99) to weights of seed and caryopses, when account was taken of perenniality (which was associated with relatively slow growth) and polyploidy (which was associated with growth faster than might be expected from seed size alone), and a multivariate relationship including temperature was developed (R2 = 0.88). Growth rates of shoots at 20 days after sowing were ranked Tama Italian ryegrass > prairie grass > Ucivex Italian ryegrass > tall fescue, and 24/19 > 21/16 > 18/13 > 30/25 > 15/10�C. Growth during tillering, up to 42 days after emergence, was ranked Italian ryegrass > prairie > tall fescue and 21/16 = 18/13 > 24/19 = 15/1O�C. Relative growth rates and relative rates of tillering were independent of temperature in Italian ryegrass, but were lower at 15/10 and 24/19 than at 21/16 and 18/13�C in prairie grass and tall fescue. Prairie grass had higher yield per tiller but lower tiller numbers than Italian ryegrass; tall fescue had both lower yield per tiller and lower tiller number. Italian ryegrass was therefore the species best adapted to variations in environment and competition at sowing.

scholarly journals Early productivity of binary mixtures and single grass species

1994 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
F.J. Parry ◽  
R.J. Lucas ◽  
B.A. Mckenzie
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica

An experiment was conducted on a fertile Walcanui silt loam in 1991/92 to examine the productivity of 4 perennial pasture grass species, Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), Grasslands Marsden hybrid tyegrass (Lolium perenne x Lolium hybridum), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), Grasslands Wana cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), and 2 binary mixtures, tall fescue plus cocksfoot and phalaris plus cocksfoot. Between July 1991 and September 1992 the highest production came from phalaris plus cocksfoot at 19.05 t DM/ha. Hybrid ryegrass, phalaris, tall fescue plus cocksfoot, cocksfoot, and tall fescue produced 17.44, 17.13, 16.96, 14.17, and 13.13t DM/ha respectively. The botanical composition of both mixtures averaged equal proportions of the sown species. The proportion of cocksfoot increased over the summer period then declined for the following autumn/winter period. The experiment shows that simple pasture grass mixtures may be highly productive. These findings support the increasing farmer practice of sowmg some pasture grasses in simple mixtures. Keywords: binary mixture, botanical composition, Dactylis glomerata, dry matter production, Festuca arundinuceu, Lolium perenne x Lolium hybridum, pasture mixtures, Phalaris aquatica, seasonal production

scholarly journals Seed production of new grass cultivar

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
J.G. Hampton ◽  
J.S. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Prairie Grass

Some aspects of the agronomy and seed production of four recently released Grasslands cultivars are described. Matua prairie grass sown at 10 to 15 kg/ha in 50-60 cm rows has produced over 3000 kg/ha of seed from two harvests in one season. The problem of head smut can be overcome by treating the seed with 1% by weight of benomyl, but techniques for treating large seed lots still have to be developed. Roa tall fescue sown at 2.2 kg/ha in 60 cm rows has produced over 1000 kg/ha of seed in the second season from sowing. Early defoliations should be very lenient or avoided altogether because the species is very slow to establish. Maru phalaris has produced over 800 kg/ha of seed in the absence of defoliation between sowing and harvesting. Although the cultivar may be less prone to seed shattering than older types, it is still very important to harvest at the correct time. Raki paspalum is a valuable grass for the northern areas of New Zealand, but ergot seriously restricts seed production, particularly in wetter years. The disease can probably be controlled within the crop by cultural and fungicidal methods, but it is very difficult to prevent reinfection from outside areas. The best prospect is to avoid the disease by growing Raki in suitable areas which have a reliable dry period each summer. Keywords: Seed production, Bromus willdenowii, Phalaris aquatica, Festuca arundinacea, Paspulum dilatatum, new grass cultivars.

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